Editing 1071 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Manzikert]]: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor [[Romanos IV Diogenes|Romanos IV]] meets the Seljuk Turk forces of Sultan [[Alp Arslan]] near the town of [[Malazgirt|Manzikert]]. Although the armies are initially evenly matched, as the Byzantines advance, the Seljuk Turks withdraw before them, launching hit-and-run attacks on the Byzantine flanks. While attempting to withdraw, the Byzantine army falls apart, either through treachery or confusion; the battle ends in a decisive defeat for the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Romanos is captured (though released by Alp Arslan within a week) and much of the elite [[Varangian Guard]] is destroyed; this will prove catastrophic for the Byzantine Empire.
* [[October 24]] &ndash; Romanos IV is deposed by [[John Doukas (Caesar)]] and his political advisor [[Michael Psellos]] after his return to [[Constantinople]]. [[Michael VII Doukas]] is crowned co-emperor and his mother [[Eudokia Makrembolitissa|Eudokia]] is forced to retire to a monastery.

==== Europe ====
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cassel (1071)|Battle of Cassel]]: [[Robert I, Count of Flanders|Robert I]] ("the Frisian") defeats his sister-in-law [[Richilde, Countess of Hainaut|Richilde]] (widow of [[Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders|Baldwin VI]]) and her nephew [[Arnulf III, Count of Flanders|Arnulf III]], in a succession struggle for the [[County of Flanders]]. Robert is appointed count by King [[Philip I of France]].
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Siege of Bari]]: The capital of [[Bari]], the last Byzantine-controlled city in the [[Catepanate of Italy]], is captured by [[Italo-Norman]] forces under Duke [[Robert Guiscard]] after a 32-month siege.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|title=Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-93930-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC&q=gran+tavola+bonsignori|page=95}}</ref>

==== England ====
* The English rebels under [[Hereward the Wake]] and [[Morcar]], Saxon former [[earl of Northumbria]], are forced to retreat to their stronghold on the [[Isle of Ely]] in [[The Fens]]. They make a desperate stand against the Norman forces led by King [[William the Conqueror]], but are defeated.
* [[Edwin, Earl of Mercia|Edwin]], earl of [[Mercia]], rebels against William I, but is betrayed and killed. His castle and lands at [[Dudley]] (located in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]) are given to William's Norman subjects.

==== Africa ====
* May &ndash; [[Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah]] marries [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], leader of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]], and becomes his queen and co-regent.</onlyinclude>