Editing 1098 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== First Crusade ====
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Lake of Antioch]]: The Crusaders under [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] defeat a Seljuk relief force (some 12,000 men) led by Sultan [[Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan]] of [[Aleppo]]. Bohemond gathers 700 knights, and marches in the night to ambush the Seljuk Turks at the [[Lake Amik|Lake of Antioch]] (modern [[Turkey]]). After several successful cavalry charges the Crusaders rout the Seljuk army, forcing Radwan to retreat back to Aleppo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Abels|first=Richard Philip|title=The Normans and their adversaries at war|year=2001|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|location=Woodbridge|isbn=0-85115-847-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOic9EEo3PIC&q=The+occasion+of+the+coming+of+the+Normans+to+southern+Italy|author2=Bernard S. Bachrach|page=92}}</ref> 
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin of Boulogne]] enters [[Edessa]], and is welcomed as liberator by the Armenian clergy. The local population massacres the Seljuk garrison and officials – or forces them to flee. Baldwin is acknowledged as their ruler (or ''[[Dux|doux]]''). He assumes the title of count and establishes the first [[Crusader states|crusader state]]. Baldwin marries [[Arda of Armenia]],  daughter of Lord [[Thoros of Marash]], and consolidates his conquered territory.<ref>[[Tyerman, Christopher]] (2006). ''God's War: A New History of the Crusades'', p. 134. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-02387-1}}.</ref>
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Siege of Antioch]]: The Crusaders under Bohemond I capture [[Antioch]] after a 8-month siege. He established secret contact with [[Firouz]], an Armenian guard who controlled the "Tower of the Two Sisters". He opened the gates and Bohemond entered the city. Thousands of Christians are massacred along with Muslims. Bohemond is named Prince of Antioch (under protest) and creates the [[Principality of Antioch]].<ref name=antioch>{{cite web|last=Rickard|first=J.|title=Antioch, crusader siege of, 21 October 1097-3 June 1098|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_antioch_crusader.html|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref> 
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Battle of Antioch (1098)|Battle of Antioch]]: Emir [[Kerbogha]], ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Mosul]], arrives at Antioch with a Seljuk army (35,000 men) to relieve the city. He lays siege to the Crusaders who have just captured the city themselves (although they do not have full control of it). A Byzantine relief force led by Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] turns back after Count [[Stephen, Count of Blois|Stephen of Blois]] convinces them that the situation in Antioch is hopeless.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2011). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)'', p. 121. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; Following the [[Holy Lance]] discovery by [[Peter Bartholomew]] in Antioch, the Crusaders under Bohemond I (leaving only 200 men) sortie from the city and defeat the Seljuk army. Kerbogha is forced to withdraw to Mosul, the garrison in the citadel surrenders to Bohemond personally (who raises his [[banner]] above the city) and the Crusaders occupy Antioch. The Crusade is delayed for the rest of the year.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rickard|first=J.|title=Battle of the Orontes, 28 June 1098 (First Crusade)|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_orontes.html|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>  
* [[July 14]] &ndash; Donation of Altavilla: Bohemond I grants commercial privileges and the right to use warehouses (fondaco) to the [[Republic of Genoa]]. This marks the beginning of Italian merchant settlements in the [[Levant]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Benvenuti|first=Gino|title=Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia|year=1985|publisher=Newton & Compton Editori|location=Rome|isbn=88-8289-529-7|page=34}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Adhemar of Le Puy]] (or Aimar), French bishop and nominal leader of the [[First Crusade]], dies during an [[epidemic]] (probably [[typhus]]). With this, [[Rome]]'s direct control over the Crusade effectively ends.
* August &ndash; Fatimid forces under Caliph [[Al-Musta'li]] recapture [[Jerusalem]] and occupy [[Palestina (region)|Palestine]]. The Crusaders threaten the borders of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] which already has lost the [[Emirate of Sicily]] (see [[1091]]).
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Siege of Ma'arra]]: The Crusaders capture the city of [[Maarrat al-Nu'man|Ma'arra]] after a month's siege and massacre part of the population. Short of supplies, the army is accused of widespread [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]].

==== Britain ====
* June or July &ndash; [[Battle of Anglesey Sound]]: A Norwegian fleet led by King [[Magnus Barefoot]] reverses an Anglo-Norman invasion of [[North Wales]].<ref name="CBH1098">{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=56–58|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> Magnus conquers the [[Orkney Islands]], the [[Hebrides]] and the [[Isle of Man]].
* King [[Edgar, King of Scotland|Edgar]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] signs a treaty with Magnus III in which he agrees that the northern territories including the Hebrides belong to [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]]. At [[Dunfermline Abbey]], Edgar seeks support from [[Anselm of Canterbury]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Cîteaux Abbey]], located in [[Saint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux]], is founded by [[Robert of Molesme]], founder of the [[Cistercians|Cistercian Order]].
* October &ndash; The [[Council of Bari]] presided by Pope [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]] discusses relations between the [[Catholic Church|Western]] and the [[Greek Orthodox Church|Eastern Church]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Siecienski|first=Anthony Edward|year=2010|title=The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auT8VbgOe48C|isbn=9780195372045|pages=117–118}}</ref>
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