Editing 1163 (section)

== Events ==
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* [[March]] / [[April]] (traditional date) &ndash; The first stone of the cathedral of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]] is set by [[Pope Alexander III]] during the reign of [[Louis VII of France]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qg1niC-MENsC&q=1163+Notre+Dame+Pope&pg=PA287|title=Music and Ceremony at Notre Dame of Paris, 500-1550|last=Wright|first=Craig|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780521088343|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=287|language=en|orig-year=1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/councilvaticana00popegoog|quote=1163 Notre Dame Pope.|title=The Council of the Vatican, and the events of the time|last=Pope|first=Thomas Canon|publisher=James Duffy|year=1871|location=Dublin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/councilvaticana00popegoog/page/n87 63]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Clark|first1=William W.|last2=Mark|first2=Robert|date=1984-03-01|title=The First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris|journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=66|issue=1|pages=47–65|doi=10.1080/00043079.1984.10788136|issn=0004-3079|quote=The traditional starting date is associated with the visit of Pope Alexander III to Paris between March 24 and April 25, 1163, during which time he dedicated the "new" chevet at St.-Germain-des-Pres and is said to have laid the cornerstone of Notre-Dame.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bruzelius|first=Caroline|date=1987-12-01|title=The Construction of Notre-Dame in Paris|journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=69|issue=4|pages=540–569|doi=10.1080/00043079.1987.10788458|issn=0004-3079|quote=The tradition that the cornerstone was laid in 1163 may well be either apocryphal or largely symbolic [...] I shall not take issue with the traditional date of the inception of the work in ca. 1163, nor with the date of its completion in ca. 1250, for both of which there is much good evidence.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6mp2BgAAQBAJ&q=1163+Notre+Dame&pg=PA21|title=The Cambridge Companion to French Music|last=Earp|first=Lawrence|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780521877947|editor-last=Trezise|editor-first=Simon|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=21|language=en|chapter=2 - Cathedral and Court: Music Under the Late Capetian and Valois Kings, to Louis XI}}</ref>
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Council of Tours 1163|Council of Tours]] opens. [[Albigensians]] are named and condemned as heretics.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qB-LIwpmVkC&q=1163+Council+of+Tours+Albigensians&pg=PA140|title=The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and Innovation|last=Robinson|first=I. S.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|isbn=9780521319225|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|location=Cambridge, New York and Melbourne|pages=140|language=en|orig-year=1990}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajPTu7vN3E4C&q=1163+Council+of+Tours+Albigensians&pg=PA41|title=The Albigensian Heresy|last=Warner|first=Rev H. J.|publisher=Book Tree|year=2007|isbn=9781585092932|location=San Diego, CA|pages=41|language=en|orig-year=1922}}</ref>
* [[Owain Gwynedd]] becomes partial ruler of the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]] in north [[Wales]] on the death of [[Gruffydd ap Rhys]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_Ong1PZq_QC&q=1163+Owain+Gwynedd&pg=PA134|title=Henry II: New Interpretations|last=Duffy|first=Séan|publisher=Boydell Press|year=2007|isbn=9781843833406|editor-last=Harper-Bill|editor-first=Christopher|location=Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY|pages=134|language=en|chapter=Henry II and England's Insular Neighbours|editor-last2=Vincent|editor-first2=Nicholas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Malone|first=Patricia|date=2008|title="Se Principem Nominat:" Rhetorical Self-Fashioning and Epistolary Style in the Letters of Owain Gwynedd|journal=Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium|volume=28|pages=169–184|issn=1545-0155|quote=We know from Thomas Becket's letter to Pope Alexander that Owain had begun to refer to himself as princeps by at least 1163.|jstor=41219622}}</ref>
* [[Silesia]]n duchies accept the suzerainty of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bseyBwAAQBAJ&q=1163+Silesia&pg=PA4|title=Silesia: Yesterday and Today|last=Scholz|first=Albert August|publisher=Springer|year=2013|isbn=9789401760027|location=The Hague, Netherlands|pages=3–4|language=en|orig-year=1964}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hartshorne|first=Richard|date=1933-12-01|title=Geographic and Political Boundaries in Upper Silesia|journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume=23|issue=4|pages=195–228|doi=10.1080/00045603309357073|issn=0004-5608|quote=The separation of Silesia from Poland dates, for practical purposes perhaps from 1163}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=HARRINGTON|first=JOSEPH F.|title=Upper Silesia and the Paris Peace Conference|date=1974|journal=The Polish Review|volume=19|issue=2|pages=25–45|issn=0032-2970|quote=Upper Silesia had not been Polish since 1163|jstor=25777197}}</ref>
* The [[Norwegian Law of Succession]] is introduced.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-K68CgAAQBAJ&q=1163+Law+of+Succession+Norway&pg=PA322|title=Vox regis: Royal Communication in High Medieval Norway|last=Brégaint|first=David|publisher=BRILL|year=2015|isbn=9789004306431|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=91|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zQrDwAAQBAJ&q=1163+Law+of+Succession+Norway&pg=PA295|title=Routledge Revivals: Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2006): An Encyclopedia|last=Emmerson|first=Richard K.|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2016|isbn=9781351681681|location=London and New York|pages=295|language=en|orig-year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vandvik|first=Eirik|date=2010-06-29|title=Donatio Constantini and early Norwegian church policy|journal=Symbolae Osloenses: Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies|language=en|volume=31|issue=1|pages=131–137|doi=10.1080/00397675508590469}}</ref>
* The Guanfuchang salt-fields (官富場) in [[Hong Kong]] (modern-day [[To Kwa Wan]], [[Kowloon Bay]], [[Kwun Tong]] and [[Lam Tin]] districts) are first officially operated by the [[Song dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/hongkong/hktimeln.htm|title=Hong Kong Time Line Chronological Timetable of Events - Worldatlas.com|date=7 April 2007|website=www.worldatlas.com|access-date=2019-06-27}}{{Better source needed|date=June 2019}}</ref>
* [[Loccum Abbey]] in [[Hanover]] is founded as a [[Cistercian]] house, by abbot Ekkehard.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ozola|first=Silvjia|date=2018|title=Impact of Catholic Monastery Church Building on Cistercian Monastery Formation in Livonia and the State of the Teutonic Order during 13th and 14th Century|url=http://llufb.llu.lv/Raksti/Landscape_Architecture_Art/2018/LLU_Landscape_Architect_Art_Vol_12_2018-66-76.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://llufb.llu.lv/Raksti/Landscape_Architecture_Art/2018/LLU_Landscape_Architect_Art_Vol_12_2018-66-76.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal=Scientific Journal of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies "Landscape Architecture and Art"|volume=12|issue=12|pages=71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OyxTAwAAQBAJ&q=1163+Loccum+Abbey&pg=PA10|title=Reforming the Monastery: Protestant Theologies of the Religious Life|last=Peters|first=Greg|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2014|isbn=9781630870454|series=New Monastic Library|location=Eugene, OR|pages=10|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Thousand Pillar Temple]] is constructed by Rudra Deva in India.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9eFfZ0H0M0C&q=1163+Thousand+Pillar+Temple&pg=PA23|title=Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundations and Tunnels|last=Ramamurthy|first=T.|publisher=PHI Learning Private Limited|year=2010|isbn=9788120341685|location=New Delhi|pages=23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6VyDwAAQBAJ&q=1163+Thousand+Pillar+Temple&pg=PA175|title=Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection: 7th International Conference, EuroMed 2018, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 29 – November 3, 2018, Proceedings|last1=Ioannides|first1=Marinos|last2=Fink|first2=Eleanor|last3=Brumana|first3=Raffaella|last4=Patias|first4=Petros|last5=Doulamis|first5=Anastasios|last6=Martins|first6=João|last7=Wallace|first7=Manolis|publisher=Springer|year=2018|isbn=9783030017651|volume=Part II|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=175|language=en|chapter=Ancient Sandbox Technique: An Experimental Study Using Piezoelectric Sensors by Trishala Daka, Lokesh Udatha, Venkata Dilip Kumar, Pasupuleti Email, Prafulla Kalapatapu, Bharghava Rajaram}}</ref></onlyinclude>