Editing 1202 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Fourth Crusade ====
* [[April]]&ndash;[[May]] &ndash; The bulk of the Crusader army gathers at [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], although with far smaller numbers than expected: about 12,000 men (4–5,000 knights and 8,000 soldiers) instead of 33,500 men. Several contingents decide to make their own way to the [[Holy Land]] by different routes. A Crusader fleet, sailing from [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], carrying supplies for the Counts [[Baldwin I, Latin Emperor|Baldwin IX]] and his brother [[Henry of Flanders]], winters in [[Marseille]], but is slowed by adverse weather. Later it sails on to the [[Middle East]], along with other contingents from southern [[France in the Middle Ages|France]].<ref>[[David Nicolle]] (2011). Osprey: Campaign – Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', p. 44. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; The Crusader army, encamped on the island of [[Lido di Venezia|San Niccolo di Lido]], between the [[Venetian Lagoon]] and the [[Adriatic Sea]], is threatened by Doge [[Enrico Dandolo]] to keep them interned unless full payment is made as agreed in [[1201]]. As the Crusaders wait on the Lido for men to arrive, they also use up food supplies that Venice has agreed to supply. Dandolo faces a financial catastrophe, having halted Venice's commerce for a year to prepare the expedition. The Crusader lords can offer Dandolo only 51,000 silver marks.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign – Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', p. 44. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>
* [[September 8]] &ndash; Enrico Dandolo takes the cross and agrees to lead a Venetian force, which, in an outburst of Crusading enthusiasm, reaches some 21,000 men – the largest contingent of the [[Fourth Crusade]]. He proclaims the debts will be wiped if the Crusaders take the 'rebel' Dalmatian city of Zara (modern-day [[Zadar]]) which has pledged its loyalty to [[Emeric, King of Hungary|Emeric]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]]. The Zara proposal causes disquiet in the Crusader ranks and also upsets [[Pope Innocent III]] who threatens to excommunicate those who attack Zara.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign – Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', p. 45. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref> 
* September &ndash; Byzantine Prince [[Alexios IV Angelos|Alexios Angelos]] sends representatives from [[Verona]] to the Crusader leaders in Venice. He promises to submit the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] to papal obedience and to provide the Crusade with 200,000 silver marks, together with provisions for a year. Alexios also will contribute 10,000 mounted soldiers to the expedition. In return he wants the Crusade to overthrow his uncle, the Byzantine emperor [[Alexios III Angelos]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign – Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', pp. 45–46. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>
* [[November 10]]&ndash;[[November 24|24]] &ndash; [[Siege of Zara]]: The Crusaders under [[Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat|Boniface of Montferrat]] besiege and conquer Zara (modern-day [[Zadar]]) in [[Dalmatia]]. Despite letters from Innocent III forbidding such an action, and threatening [[excommunication]]. The leading citizens of Zara hang banners of crosses along the outer walls, professing their Catholic faith. Nevertheless, the Crusaders breach and sack the city, killing many.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', pp. 46–48. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>
* Winter &ndash; Innocent III excommunicates the Crusader army, along with the Venetians, who winter at Zara. Many Crusaders, including some senior men, either abandon the Fourth Crusade or make their own way to the Holy Land. However, the majority remain in Zara, where the army receives some welcome reinforcements. During the winter, negotiations continue with Alexios Angelos.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign – Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', p. 48. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[Philip II of France]] ("Augustus") summons [[John, King of England]] ("Lackland") to [[Paris]] to answer his charges against the [[House of Lusignan|Lusignans]]. On [[April 28]], failing to attend Philip's court, John is declared to be a 'rebel' and to have forfeited the areas of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], [[Poitou]] and [[County of Anjou|Anjou]]. Philip tries to mediate the political problems between John and the Lusignans (who are charged with treason) but this is ignored by John. The lands are given to [[Arthur I, Duke of Brittany|Arthur of Brittany]]. Philip supports Arthur's claim to the English throne and betrothes his 4-year-old daughter [[Marie of France, Duchess of Brabant|Marie]].<ref>Bradbury, Jim (2007). ''The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328'', p. 179. Hambledon Continuum.</ref>
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mirebeau]]: Arthur of Brittany, supported by the Lusignans, lays siege to [[Mirebeau]] Castle trapping [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] inside. John launches a rescue mission to free his mother, and with a mercenary army defeats the Breton-Lusignan forces. Arthur is captured by [[William de Braose (died 1230)|William de Braose]] and is handed over to John who imprisons him in the [[Château de Falaise]] in [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]. Many other important knights are captured and shipped to [[Kingdom of England|England]] (where John treats them badly and keeps them as prisoners in dungeons).<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|pages=77–78}}</ref>
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Basian]]: Seljuk forces (some 150,000 men) under [[Suleiman II of Rûm]] advance toward the Georgian border and are met by a 65,000-strong army led by King [[David Soslan]], husband of Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]], at [[Phasiane (historical region)|Basian]]. The Georgians assail the enemy's camp and in a pitched battle, the Seljuk forces are overwhelmed and defeated. The loss of the sultan's banner (while Suleiman himself is wounded), results in panic within the Seljuk ranks. The victory at Basian secures the Georgian preeminence in the region.<ref>Ivane Javakhishvili (1983). ''History of the Georgian Nation'', p. 249. Tbilisi: Georgia.</ref>
* The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] is founded by Bishop [[Albert of Riga]], this to support the [[Livonian Crusade]] against the inhabitants of [[Terra Mariana]] (medieval Livonia).<ref>Tyerman, Christopher (2006). ''God's War: A New History of the Crusades'', pp. 689–691. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-02387-0}}.</ref>
* Danish forces make a Crusade to [[Finland]] which is led by [[Anders Sunesen]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Lund|Lund]], and his brother.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muinaisuutemme jäljet|author1=Georg Haggren|author2=Petri Halinen|author3=Mika Lavento|author4=Sami Raninen ja Anna Wessman|publisher=Gaudeamus|year=2015|location=Helsinki|pages=380}}</ref>
* The [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] fleet expels the [[Banu Ghaniya]] from the [[Balearic Islands]].<ref name=Picard1997>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>

==== Middle East ====
* [[May 20]] &ndash; An [[earthquake]] shakes the [[Levant]] from [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]] to northern [[Iraq]], causing severe damage in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Lebanon]] and western [[Syria]], including the fortifications of the Crusader cities of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], [[Jaffa]] and [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign – Nr. 237. ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium'', p. 17. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Pope Innocent III]] reasserts his right to evaluate and crown the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], in a letter to [[Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen]].
* [[Rueda Abbey]] is founded by [[Cistercians]] at [[Sástago]], in the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] (modern [[Spain]]).</onlyinclude>