Editing 1276 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Spring
** Sultan [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq]] and [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]], ruler of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], agree to a truce with King [[Alfonso X of Castile]] ("the Wise") for two years. Before Abu Yusuf leaves, Muhammad's secretary addresses a poem to Abu Yusuf, expressing fear of Castile's power and appealing for Marinid's continued support. Later, Abu Yusuf lands at [[Ksar es-Seghir|Alcázar Seguir]] on [[January 19]]. This ending the first Marinid invasion in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]).<ref name=OCGC>{{cite book|first=Joseph F.|last=O'Callaghan|year=2011|title=The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the battle for the Strait|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|pages=69, 71|isbn=978-0-8122-2302-6}}</ref>
** King [[Edward I of England]] ("Longshanks") orders the people of [[Bayonne]] in [[Duchy of Gascony|Gascony]] (as part of the only English possessions in [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]) to provide [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] with warships "to resist the [[Saracen]]s by sea", but excuses himself from personal participation against the Marinid invasion in Spain because of his wars in [[Wales]] and his plan to lead a Crusade to the [[Holy Land]].<ref name=OCGC/>
* June &ndash; King [[Rudolf I of Germany]] declares war on his rival [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]]. After 6 months of campaigning, Ottokar surrenders all his lands (including [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]]) except [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and [[History of Moravia|Moravia]]. Rudolf makes [[Vienna]] his capital, marking the beginning of the [[House of Habsburg]], which will last until [[1918]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 148. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[Battle of Dongola (1276)|Battle of Dongola]]: Mamluk forces led by Sultan [[Baibars]] gain a decisive victory against the [[Makuria|Kingdom of Makuria]]. They capture the Makurian capital of [[Dongola]] and force King [[List of rulers of Makuria|David of Makuria]] to flee upstream on the [[Nile]]. He seeks refuge in the [[Kingdom of al-Abwab|Kingdom of Al-Abwab]], but is handed over to Baibars, who has him executed. Later, Baibars conquers [[Al-Maris]] ([[Lower Nubia]]), previously a part of Makuria, and annexes it into [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]].<ref>Seignobos, Robin (2012). ''The other Ethiopia: Nubia and the Crusade (12th and 14th century)'', pp. 307–311. {{ISSN|0066-2127}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* Spring &ndash; The court of the [[Song dynasty#Southern Song, 1127–1279|Southern Song dynasty]] of [[China]] and hundreds of thousands of its citizens flee from [[Hangzhou]] to [[Fujian]], and then [[Guangdong]], in an effort to escape a Mongol invasion under [[Kublai Khan]]. 
* [[June 15]] &ndash; Remnants of the Chinese Song court in [[Fuzhou]] province conduct the coronation ceremony for Prince Zhao Shi to become Emperor [[Emperor Duanzong]] (until [[1278]]).
* The mountain fortress [[Alamut Castle]] ("Eagle's Nest") is again captured by the Mongols from a Nizari force under [[Shams al-Din Muhammad (Nizari imam)|Shams al-Din Muhammad]].<ref>Wasserman, James (2001). ''The Templars and the Assassins: The Militia of heaven'', p. 115. {{ISBN|978-1-59477-873-5}}.</ref><ref>Virani, Shafique N. (2007). ''The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation'', p. 32. Oxford University Press, USA. {{ISBN|978-0-19-531173-0}}.</ref>

==== The Americas ====
* A severe 23-year [[drought]] begins to affect the [[History of the Grand Canyon area|Grand Canyon area]], eventually forcing the agriculture-dependent [[Ancestral Puebloans|Puebloans]] (or Anasazi) to migrate out of the region.<ref>O'Connor, Letitia Burns (1992). ''The Grand Canyon'', pp. 16–19, 30–32. Los Angeles: Perpetua Press. {{ISBN|0-88363-969-6}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Cities and towns ====
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Augsburg]] is granted the status of a [[free imperial city]]. Later this year, [[Ravensburg]] also receives the status.

==== Culture ====
* [[Merton College, Oxford]], is first recorded as having a collection of books, making [[Merton College Library|its Library]] the world's oldest in continuous daily use.<ref>{{cite web|title=Library & Archives - History|url=http://www.merton.ox.ac.uk/aboutmerton/library8.shtml|publisher=Merton College|location=Oxford|access-date=2012-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513022654/http://www.merton.ox.ac.uk/aboutmerton/library8.shtml|archive-date=May 13, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==== Economy ====
* [[Henry of Ghent]] (or Henricus) becomes the last major theologian openly to consider [[Annuity (finance theory)|annuities]] as a usurious contract. The end of the debate allows for the expansion of the budding practice of renten emission, to become a staple of public finance in northwestern [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory X]] dies after a 4-year [[pontificate]] at [[Arezzo]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope Innocent V|Innocent V]] as the 185th pope of the [[Catholic Church]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash; Innocent V dies after a 5-month reign at [[Rome]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope Adrian V|Adrian V]] (or Hadrian) as the 186th pope of the Catholic Church.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; Adrian V (Hadrian) dies after a 2-month reign at [[Viterbo]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope John XXI|John XXI]] as the 187th pope of Rome (until [[1277]]).
* The foundation stone of the [[Minoritenkirche (Vienna)|Minoritenkirche]] in [[Vienna]] is laid by Ottokar II.</onlyinclude>