Editing 1288 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
 
==== Europe ====
* [[War on Gotland 1288|A civil war]] breaks out on [[Gotland]] between the burghers of [[Visby]] and the rural farmers of Gotland; while the exact reason for this war is unknown, the most likely reason is the construction of a large wall around Visby, and the introduction of a toll, which the farmers were forced to pay.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Starbäck |first=Carl Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNJJAQAAMAAJ&dq=slaget+vid+h%C3%B6gebro&pg=PA489 |title=Berättelser ur svenska historien: Sagoåldern. Medeltiden I., till Kalmare-unionen |date=1885 |publisher=F. & G. Beijers |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inbördeskriget 1288 |url=https://www.guteinfo.com/?id=1899 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.guteinfo.com}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[War of the Limburg Succession]] &ndash; [[Battle of Worringen]]: Brabantian forces under Duke [[John I, Duke of Brabant|John I]] defeat the coalition army of [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]], [[County of Luxemburg|Luxemburg]], and [[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau]] at [[Worringen]] (in a struggle to conquer the [[Duchy of Limburg]]). John liberates the city of [[Cologne]] from rule by the [[Electorate of Cologne]], which has previously been one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>Boffa, S. 2004. Warfare in medieval Brabant: 1356–1406. Coll.: "Warfare in History", Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, p. 289.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; Sultan [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]] drives the rebellious [[Banu Ashqilula]] from one stronghold to the next, where they are finally expelled from Granadan territory in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]). Meanwhile, Muhammad manages through diplomatic intrigue, to turn the Castilian aristocracy against King [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho IV]]. In response, King [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso III]] proclaims the 18-year-old [[Alfonso de la Cerda]] as ruler of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]].<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', pp. 95–96. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Nicholas IV|Nicholas IV]] proclaims a crusade against the 26-year-old King [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary|Ladislaus IV]], who had lost credibility by favoring his semi-pagan Cuman subjects in [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]], and in general refusing to conform to the social standards of [[Western Europe]]. Meanwhile, the Hungarian government loses more power because the clergy and most of the nobles rule the kingdom independently.<ref>Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526'', p. 109. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.</ref><ref>Kontler, László (1999). ''Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary'', p. 84. Atlantisz Publishing House. {{ISBN|963-9165-37-9}}.</ref>
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Canfranc]]: King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] signs an agreement with Alfonso III at [[Canfranc]], about the release of [[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]], who has been captured by Admiral [[Roger of Lauria]] in the [[Battle of the Gulf of Naples]] (see [[1284]]).<ref>Runciman, Steven (1958). ''The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century'', p. 246. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-107-60474-2}}.</ref>

==== England & Scotland ====
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Newcastle Emlyn Castle]] in West [[Wales]] is recaptured by the English forces after a ten-day siege, bringing [[Rhys ap Maredudd]]'s revolt to an end. Rhys is exiled to [[Ireland]].<ref>Ashley, Mike. ''The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens'', Robinson Publishing (1999), p. 344–345.</ref>
* The [[Parliament of Scotland]] creates a law allowing women to propose marriage to men during [[leap year]]s; men who refuse such proposals are required to pay a fine to the spurned bride-to-be.

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] orders Admiral [[Benedetto I Zaccaria|Benedetto Zaccaria]] to send five galleys to support Genoese suzerainty of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]]. Princess [[Lucia, Countess of Tripoli|Lucia]], sister of the late Count [[Bohemond VII of Antioch|Bohemond VII]], arrives in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], where the [[Knights Hospitaller]] escort her to the frontier with Tripoli. The [[Medieval commune|commune]] refuses to accept her as new ruler and places the city under Genoese protection. After negotiations, Lucia offers to confirm Genoa's existing commercial privileges in Tripoli.<ref>David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: ''Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states'', p. 17. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-862-5}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)|Battle of Bạch Đằng]]: [[Đại Việt]] ([[Vietnam]]ese) general [[Trần Hưng Đạo]] sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary army (some 94,000 men). He orders the placing of steel-tipped bamboo stakes (to create an ambush) in the [[Bach Dang River]] near [[Ha Long Bay]]. This ends the intentions of [[Kublai Khan]] to conquer Vietnam and [[Champa]].<ref>Elleman, Bruce A. (2012). ''China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People During the Southern Song and Yuan Periods'', pp. 236–237. Naval War College: NUS Press, {{ISBN|9789971695057}}.</ref>
* April &ndash; The Japanese era [[Kōan (Kamakura period)|Kōan]] ends and the [[Shōō (Kamakura period)|Shōō]] era begins during the reign of the 22-year-old Emperor [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] (until [[1293]]).<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōan''" in Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 535'', p. 535, at [[Google Books]]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at [[archive.today]].</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Culture ====
* The oldest surviving [[bell (instrument)|bell]], in the clocks atop the dome of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Rome]], is built.
* Work is begun on the construction of [[Mob Quad]] in [[Merton College, Oxford]].

==== Markets ====
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[List of bishops of Västerås|Petrus]], bishop of [[Diocese of Västerås|Västerås]], buys 1/8 of the [[Falun Mine|Stora Kopparberg]] copper mine in [[Falun]], [[Sweden]]. During the reign of King [[Magnus III of Sweden|Magnus III]], nobles and foreign merchants from [[Lübeck]] take interests in the mining area.
* The Flemish city of [[Ghent]] seeks rights to start redeeming its already issued annuities. It is a clear indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the crisis of the 13th Century.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[February 22]] &ndash; Nicholas IV is elected as the successor of the late [[Pope Honorius IV|Honorius IV]] (see [[1287]]) during a [[1287–1288 papal election|conclave]] in Rome and becomes the 191st pope of the [[Catholic Church]].
* March&ndash;April &ndash; [[Rabban Bar Sauma]], Chinese Nestorian monk and diplomat, arrives at Rome and is received by Nicholas IV, who gives him communion on [[Palm Sunday]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Rabban Bar Sauma". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', p. 767. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref>

==== Technology ====
* The oldest-known [[bronze]] [[handgun]] in the world is dated to this year, a Chinese gun found in [[Acheng District]], that was once used to suppress the rebellion of the Mongol prince [[Nayan (Mongol prince)|Nayan]].<ref>Chase, Kenneth Warren (2003). ''Firearms: A Global History to 1700''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82274-9}}, p. 32.</ref>
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