Editing 1294 (section)

== Events ==

===Asia===

* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Kublai Khan]] dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the [[Mongol Empire]] (the [[Chagatai Khanate]] in Central Asia, the [[Golden Horde]] in Russia, the [[Ilkhanate]] in Persia, and the [[Yuan Dynasty]] in China) has deepened.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnCMBAAAQBAJ&q=kublai+khan+1294+for+khanates&pg=PA316|title=Dynastic China: An Elementary History|last=San|first=Tan Koon|publisher=The Other Press|year=2014|isbn=9789839541885|location=Petaling Jaya, Malaysia|pages=316|language=en}}</ref>

===Europe===

* [[March 30]] &ndash; A Novgorodian army led by Prince Roman Glebovich attempts a storm of [[Vyborg Castle|Vyborg]], but the attack fails.<ref name="Ulf0">{{cite book |last=Sundberg |first=Ulf |title=Medeltidens svenska krig |publisher=[[Hjalmarson & Högberg]] |year=1999 |isbn=9189080262 |edition=1st |location=Stockholm |pages=100 |language=Swedish}}</ref>
* Spring &ndash; Following the arrival of a fleet from Sweden, an offensive takes place in which Sweden captures [[Korela Fortress|Kexholm]] after an assault.<ref name="Ulf0" />
* [[July 5]] &ndash; Following the [[Papal election, 1292–94]], [[Pope Celestine V]] succeeds [[Pope Nicholas IV|Nicholas IV]], becoming the 192nd pope.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&q=1294+pope+celestine+V&pg=PA870|title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=9781610690263|volume=2|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford|pages=870|language=en}}</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, [[Madog ap Llywelyn]] leads [[Welsh revolt of 1294–95|a revolt against his English overlords]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqulBAAAQBAJ&q=1294+Madog+ap+Llywelyn&pg=PT18|title=Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask|last=Breverton|first=Terry|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|year=2014|isbn=9781445638454|location=Stroud|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Pope Boniface VIII]] succeeds [[Pope Celestine V]], becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on [[December 13]], only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgC-yRJ5bo0C&q=1294+Boniface+VIII&pg=PT18|title=History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517.|last=Schaff|first=Philip|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|year=1998|isbn=9781610250450|volume=VI: The Middle Ages|location=Grand Rapids, MI|language=en|orig-year=1882}}</ref>
* [[John Balliol]], King of Scotland, decides to refuse King [[Edward I of England]]'s demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the [[Auld Alliance]] with France and [[Norway]] in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the [[Scottish Wars of Independence]], which begin in [[1296]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp2r3xyaDaEC&q=1294+John+Balliol&pg=PA372|title=Edward I|last=Prestwich|first=Michael|publisher=University of California Press|year=1988|isbn=9780520062665|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=372|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUOzgLiyd54C&q=1294+Auld+Alliance&pg=PA59|title=Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists|last1=Spaltro|first1=Kathleen|last2=Bridge|first2=Noeline|publisher=iUniverse|year=2005|isbn=9780595373123|location=New York, Lincoln, Shanghai|pages=59|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Strata Florida Abbey]] is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King [[Edward I of England]]'s conquest of Wales.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/recordsofrocksor00symoiala|quote=1294 Strata Florida Abbey.|title=Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll|last=Symonds|first=William Samuel|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1872|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/recordsofrocksor00symoiala/page/124 124]|language=en}}</ref>
* Architect [[Arnolfo di Cambio]] designs [[Florence Cathedral]] (''Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore'', better known simply as ''Il Duomo''); he also begins work on the Basilica of [[Santa Croce, Florence]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfGPAgAAQBAJ&q=1294+Arnolfo+di+Cambio&pg=PT3952|title=The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation|last=Durant|first=Will|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2014|isbn=9781476779713|location=New York|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTOQ2A5_j1EC&q=1294+Arnolfo+di+Cambio+cathedral&pg=PA44|title=Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day|last1=Fossi|first1=Gloria|last2=Reiche|first2=Mattia|last3=Bussagli|first3=Marco|date=2004|publisher=Giunti Editore|isbn=9788809037267|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] enter into the first iteration of the [[Anglo-Portuguese Alliance]], the oldest alliance in the world still in force.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3vFv2QssdgC&q=1294+Anglo-Portuguese+Alliance&pg=PA139|title=European Integration and Disintegration: East and West|last1=Bideleux|first1=Robert|last2=Taylor|first2=Professor Richard|last3=Taylor|first3=Richard|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=9781134775217|location=London and New York|pages=139|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Edward I of England]] and [[Philip IV of France|Philip the Fair]] of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. [[Pope Boniface VIII]] insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INmdwCSkvIgC&q=1294+war+with+France&pg=PA215|title=Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485|last1=Fritze|first1=Ronald H.|last2=Robison|first2=William Baxter|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9780313291241|location=Westport, CT|pages=215|language=en}}</ref>