Editing 1308 (section)

== Events ==
===January &ndash; March===
* [[January 25]] &ndash; King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] marries the 13-year-old [[Isabella of France]], daughter of [[King Philip IV of France]] ("Philip the Fair"). The marriage takes place at [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] and Edward leaves his friend and [[favourite]], [[Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall|Piers Gaveston]], as [[regent]] in his absence. Isabella's wardrobe indicates her wealth and style – she has dresses of [[silk]], [[velvet]], [[taffeta]] and cloth along with numerous furs; she has over 72 headdresses and [[coif]]s. Isabella brings with her two gold crowns, gold and silver dinnerware and 419 yards of linen. Meanwhile, Edward alienates the nobles by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position, who react by signing the [[Boulogne agreement]] on [[January 31]].<ref>Weir, Alison (2006). ''Queen Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England'', p. 25. London: Pimlico Books. {{ISBN|978-0-7126-4194-4}}.</ref><ref>Castor, Helen (2011). ''She-Wolves: The Woman Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth'', p. 227. Faber and Faber. {{ISBN|978-0-5712-3706-7}}.</ref>
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel|Herman I the Tall]] Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (and co-ruler of Brandenburg with [[Otto IV, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Otto IV]]), dies and is succeeded as Margrave by his son [[John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel|John V]].
* [[February 25]] &ndash; Edward II is crowned at [[Westminster Abbey]] under the guidance of [[Henry Woodlock]], bishop of [[Diocese of Winchester|Winchester]]. During the ceremony, Piers Gaveston is given the honour of carrying the crown. At the banquet that followed, Edward spends more time with Gaveston than with his wife Isabella of France. Isabella's family, who have travelled with her from [[France during the Middle Ages|France]], leave to report back to Philip IV of Edward's favouritism for Gaveston over Isabella. As part of the coronation, Edward swears an oath to uphold "the rightful laws and customs which the community of the realm shall have chosen".<ref>Haines, Roy Martin (2003). ''King Edward II: His Life, his reign and its aftermath, 1284–1330'', pp. 56–58. Montreal, Canada and Kingston, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7735-3157-4}}.</ref><ref>Philips, Seymour (2011). ''Edward II'', pp. 140–141. New Haven, CT & London. UK: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-17802-9}}.</ref>
* [[March 8]] &ndash; King [[Denis of Portugal]], "the Poet King", grants [[Póvoa de Varzim]] a charter, the ''[[Foral]]'', giving royal lands to 54 families, who found a municipality known as ''Póvoa'' around [[Praça Velha]]. 
* [[March 18]] &ndash; Brothers [[Andrew of Galicia|Andrei Rurik]] and [[Leo II of Galicia|Lev II Rurik]] become the co-monarchs of [[Ruthenia]] (now part of Ukraine and Poland, with a capital at [[Lviv]]), upon the death of their father, King [[Yuri I of Galicia]]. The two brothers will reign until their deaths in 1323 at the Battle of Berestia against Mongol invaders.

===April &ndash; June===
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Abu Hammu I]] becomes the new ruler of the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] after the death of his brother, Sultan [[Abu Zayyan I]].
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Albert I of Germany|King Albrecht I of Germany]], ruler of the ''Regnum Teutonicorum'' and [[King of the Romans]] within the Holy Roman Empire, is assassinated at [[Windisch, Switzerland|Windisch]] in Switzerland by his nephew, [[John Parricida|John of Swabia]], the day after the two had an argument at a banquet in [[Winterthur]].
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Inverurie (1308)|Battle of Inverurie]]: Scottish forces led by King [[Robert the Bruce]] defeat the rival Scots under [[John Comyn, Earl of Buchan|John Comyn]] at [[Oldmeldrum]]. During the battle, Robert repulses a surprise attack on his camp, and counter-attacks the Scots of [[Clan Cumming|Clan Comyn]]. John flees to seek refuge at the English court and is well received by Edward II, who appoints him as [[Lord Warden of the Marches]]. Meanwhile, Robert orders his forces to burn the farms, houses and strongholds associated with Clan Cumming in north-east [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]. The [[Earl of Buchan|Earldom of Buchan]] will never again rise for Clan Cumming.<ref>Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 15. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the [[Parliament of England|Parliament]], due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the [[Earl of Cornwall|Earldom of Cornwall]], which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in [[Duchy of Gascony|Gascony]]. Further to this, he is appointed [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by [[Pope Clement V]]. Edward II accompanies him to [[Bristol]], from where he sets sail for [[Ireland]].<ref>Maddicot, J. R. (1970). ''Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322'', p. 73. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-821837-1}}.</ref><ref>Hamilton, J. S. (1988). ''Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307–1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II'', p. 53. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8143-2008-2}}.</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; After 138 members of the [[Knights Templar]] were convicted of heresy on October 19, 1307, a trial is held for 54 Templars who testify before [[Pope Clement V]], with most confessing to at least one charge.

===July &ndash; September===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Alauddin Khalji]], [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]] sets off from the Indian city of Delhi toward the Fort of [[Siwana]] (now in the [[Rajasthan]] state) to begin the [[siege of Siwana]], which is completed in September.<ref name="Kishori Saran Lal 1320 p.135">Kishori Saran Lal, ''History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)'' (The Indian Press, 1950) p.135</ref>  
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Abu Thabit 'Amir]] dies and is succeeded by his brother [[Abu al-Rabi Sulayman]] as ruler of the [[Marinid Sultanate]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Chungseon of Goryeo]] becomes the King of Korea for the second time, after the death of his father, [[Chungnyeol of Goryeo|King Chungnyeol of Korea]]. Chungseon had ruled for a few months in 1298 during the illness of his father. 
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement V]]  grants the Knights Hospitaller permission to begin the [[Crusade of the Poor]].
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement V]] publishes the [[papal bull]] ''[[Faciens misericordiam|Faciens Misericordiam]]'' ("The granting of forgiveness"),  absolving the [[Knights Templar]] from charges of heresy and declaring that the Roman Catholic Church, rather than any individual nation, will be in charge of future charges against the Knights.<ref name=Frale>Barbara Frale, and Umberto Eco, ''The Templars: The Secret History Revealed'' (translation of ''Il papato e il processo ai templari'') (Arcade Publishing, 2009) p. 168</ref> On the same day, he issues the bull ''[[Regnans in coelis]]'', summoning what will become the [[Council of Vienne]] in 1311.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Ananta Malla|King Ananta Malla]] of [[Nepal Mandala|Nepal]] dies after a reign of 34 years, leaving the Himalayan Mountains kingdom without a monarch for five years.<ref>Luciano Petech, ''Medieval History of Nepal'' (Fondata Da Giuseppe Tucci, 1984) p.109</ref> 
* [[August 15]] &ndash; The Knights Hospitaller complete the [[Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes|conquest of the Greek island of Rhodes]] after four years.<ref>Albert Failler, "L'occupation de Rhodes par les Hospitaliers", in ''Revue des études Byzantines'' (1992) pp. 113–135</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The [[Chinon Parchment]] is written by French Cardinal [[Berengar Fredol the Elder]], summarizing the results of the investigations of Fredol and the two other Cardinals of their disposition of the Knights Templar charges. The parchment is then put in the Vatican Apostolic Archive and will remain undiscovered for almost seven centuries before being rediscovered by [[Barbara Frale]].<ref name=Frale/>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; (Tokuji 3, 15th day of the 8th month of Tokuji 3) [[Prince Morikuni]] becomes the ninth, and last, shogun of the [[Kamakura bakufu]].
* [[September 10]] &ndash; (Tokuji 3, 25th day of the 8th month) At the age of 11, [[Emperor Hanazono|Hanazono]] becomes the 95th [[Emperor of Japan]] upon the death of his cousin, the [[Emperor Go-Nijō]]. Emperor Hanazono will rule until [[1348]].
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Siege of Siwana]]: Delhi forces under [[Alauddin Khalji]] capture the [[Siwana]] fortress after a two-month siege. During the siege, Alauddin defiles the main water tank of Siwana (by a traitor) with cows' blood.<ref>Peter Jackson (2003). ''The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History'', p. 198. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-54329-3}}.</ref>

===October &ndash; December===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Guy II de la Roche]], [[Duchy of Athens]], dies at the age of 28, bringing an end to the de la Roche dynasty. He is succeeded by his cousin, [[Walter V, Count of Brienne]].<ref>Peter Lock, ''The Franks in the Aegean, 1204–1500'' (Longman Publishing, 1995) p.104</ref>
* [[October 20]] &ndash; The [[English Parliament]] begins its fourth session of the reign of King Edward II and meets at [[Westminster]].<ref>Seymour Phillips, ''Edward II'' (Yale University Press, 2011) p.152</ref>
* [[November 10]] &ndash; After the fall of [[Siege of Siwana|the fortress of Siwana]] in [[India]], Prince Sital Deva is ambushed while trying to flee to safety at [[Jalor]]. The soldiers decapitate Sital and present his head as a trophy to the Delhi Sultan, Alauddin.<ref name="Kishori Saran Lal 1320 p.135"/>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; The [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic Knights]] capture [[Gdańsk]] by treachery – while a Brandenburger force of 100 knights and 200 followers led by [[Heinrich von Plötzke]] and Günther von Schwarzburg lay siege to the city. The garrison of Gdańsk castle is too weak to defend itself against the Brandenburgers. Meanwhile, the Polish ruler of [[Gdańsk Pomerania]], [[Władysław I Łokietek]] ("Wladyslaw the Elbow-High"), is unable to send reinforcements. The citizens call upon the Teutonic Knights for military help and offer to pay their costs. The arrival of the knights, lead the Brandenburgers to beat a hasty retreat. In an act of supreme treachery, the Teutonic Knights attack the city they have come to save. The houses of both Polish and German are burnt and destroyed. Many people are slaughtered without mercy, including women and children who have sought sanctuary in churches. Within a year, the German Crusaders occupy the whole of [[Pomerania|Eastern Pomerania]] and consolidate their power at the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref>Brzezinski, Richard (1998). ''History of Poland: The Piast Dynasty'', p. 24. {{ISBN|83-7212-019-6}}.</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; The coronation of the Emperor [[Emperor Hanazono|Hanazono]] of Japan takes place at Edo.
* [[November 27]]
** [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]] [[County of Luxemburg|Count of Luxemburg]], is elected the new [[Holy Roman Emperor]] at [[Frankfurt]]. The election comes with the support of his brother [[Baldwin of Luxembourg|Baldwin]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Archbishop of Trier]], who wins over most of the electors, in exchange for some substantial concessions. The only elector who does not support Henry of Luxemburg is [[Henry of Bohemia]].<ref>Jones, Michael (2000). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History'', p. 530. Vol. VI: c. 1300–1415. Cambridge University Press.</ref>
** On the same day, Hungarian nobles formally elect the 20-year-old [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles Robert of Salerno]] as King of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] in the  Hungarian city of [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]] (now part of [[Budapest]]). He becomes Charles I, but his rule remains nominal in most parts of the realm after he is crowned.<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> 
* [[December 16]] &ndash; [[Trần Anh Tông|Tran Anh Tong]] becomes the new [[Đại Việt|Emperor of Dai Viet]] (corresponding to northern Vietnam) upon the death of his father, [[Trần Nhân Tông|Tran Nhan Tong]]. 
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand IV of Castile#Treaty of Alcalá de Henares (1308)|Treaty of Alcalá de Henares]]: King [[Ferdinand IV of Castile]] and King [[James II of Aragon]] sign an alliance in the [[Monastery of Santa María de Huerta]]. Ferdinand agrees to join James in making war by sea and by land against [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]]. He also promises to give up one-sixth of Granada to [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], and grants him the [[Province of Almería]].<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 122. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref> 
* [[December]] &ndash; King Władysław I Łokietek of Poland imprisons [[Jan Muskata]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków|Bishop of Kraków]]. In response, Polish and German citizens revolt against his rule in Kraków (as in all Poland's cities at this time). Władysław in a delicate position responds with force and arrests the revolt's leaders. He ties them to horses and drags them through the city streets.

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Sultan [[Mesud II]], Seljuk vassal of the Mongol [[Ilkhanate]], is murdered after a 5-year reign. During his rule, he exercises no real authority and becomes the last ruler. Ending the [[Sultanate of Rum]] after 230 years.<ref>John Joseph Saunders (1971). ''The History of the Mongol Conquests'', p. 79. University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref>
* King [[Philip IV of France]] purchases [[Rue de Nesle|Hôtel de Nesle]] in [[Paris]] and builds one of the earliest indoor [[tennis court]]s there.<ref>Bernard Grun, (1991). ''The Timetables of History'', p. 185. Simon & Schuster. {{ISBN|0-671-74919-6}}.</ref>

==== Scotland ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Battle of the Pass of Brander]]: Scottish forces under King Robert the Bruce defeat the rival Scots of the [[Clan MacDougall]], kinsmen of [[John Comyn III of Badenoch|John Comyn the Red]] . During the battle, Robert orders to bypass the [[Pass of Brander]]. He sends [[James Douglas, Lord of Douglas|James Douglas the Black]]) with a party of archers to take up positions above the pass to avoid an ambush. Robert breaks through the MacDougalls blockade and defeats them at the [[Bridge of Awe]]. The MacDougalls are chased westwards across the [[River Awe]] to [[Dunbeg|Dunstaffnage]]. The Lord of [[Argyll]] surrenders and does homage to Robert.<ref>Barbour, John. ''The Bruce'', translation by A. A. H. Douglas, 1964.</ref><ref>Fordun, John of, ''Chronicles of the Scottish Nation'', ed. W. F. Skene, 1972.</ref>
* The [[harrying of Buchan]] takes places as Scottish forces under [[Edward Bruce]] devastate the lands of John Comyn, and his supporters following the victory at [[Inverurie]]. Meanwhile, Robert the Bruce takes [[Aberdeen]], conquers [[Galloway]] and threatens northern Scotland.

==== Asia ====
* Summer &ndash; Delhi forces led by [[Malik Kafur]] invade the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava Kingdom]] under King [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]], who shelters the fugitive Vaghela king [[Karna (Vaghela dynasty)|Karna]]. Ramachandra sues for peace and acknowledges Delhi's overlordship.<ref>Abraham Eraly (2015). ''The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate'', p. 178. Penguin Books. {{ISBN|978-93-5118-658-8}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===
==== Literature ====
* [[Dante Alighieri]] begins work on his ''[[Divine Comedy]]'', comprising [[Inferno (Dante)|''Inferno'']], ''[[Purgatorio]]'' and [[Paradiso (Dante)|''Paradiso'']]. It is one of the most influential works of the European [[Middle Ages]] (approximate date).