Editing 1320 (section)

== Events ==
=== January &ndash; March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Henry III, Count of Gorizia]], arrives in [[Padua]] as the Imperial Vicar with a large army, promising protection to the Italian city state.
* [[January 20]] &ndash; Duke [[Władysław I Łokietek]] ("Ladislaus the Short") becomes king of a reunited [[Poland]], after receiving the approval from [[Pope John XXII]]. He is crowned, along with his wife [[Jadwiga of Kalisz]], at the royal cathedral on [[Wawel Castle|Wawel Hill]] at [[Kraków]]. Wladysław's kingdom is surrounded by three hostile neighbors: [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], the [[State of the Teutonic Order|Teutonic Order]] and [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. Looking for allies, he makes an alliance with [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I]], ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]].
* [[February 15]] &ndash; Pope John XXII grants a mandate to the [[Archbishop of York]], [[William Melton]], to order restitution of confiscated [[Knights Templar]] property in England to the [[Knights Hospitaller]].<ref>J. Michael Jefferson, ''The Templar Estates in Lincolnshire, 1185-1565: Agriculture and Economy'' (Boydell Press, 2020) p.167</ref> 
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Walter de Stapledon]], Bishop of Exeter, becomes the new Lord High Treasurer of England.
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan|Emperor Renzong of Yuan]] (China), the Mongol leader Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, dies after a reign of almost nine years.
* [[March 20]] (Easter Sunday) &ndash; [[Shepherds' Crusade (1320)|Shepherds' Crusade]] (Le Pastoureaux): In France, a large group of common people band together in Normandy to begin a crusade, after a teenage shepherd says he was visited by the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]].<ref name=Dickson>"Shepherds' Crusade, Second (1320)", by Gary Dickson, in ''The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide'', ed. by Alan V. Murray (ABC-CLIO, 2015) pp.218-219</ref> They march south to [[Aquitaine]], attacking castles, royal officials, priests and lepers along the way. Jewish communes are attacked at [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]], [[Cahors]], [[Verdun-sur-Garonne]], [[Albi]] and [[Toulouse]]. When they finally cross into [[Spain]], Aragonese forces under Prince [[Alfonso IV of Aragon|Alfonso]] halt their advance.

=== April &ndash; June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Declaration of Arbroath]]: King [[Robert the Bruce]] sends a letter to Pope John XXII. He asks him to recognize Scottish sovereignty, and Robert's right to be ruler of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], hoping that he will lift the [[excommunication]] order under which Robert is being held for the death of [[John Comyn III of Badenoch|John Comyn III]].<ref>Scott, Ronald McNair (1999). ''Robert the Bruce: King of Scots'', p. 197. Canongate Books. {{ISBN|978-0-86241-616-4}}.</ref><ref>McLean, Iain (2005). ''State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom Since 1707'', p. 247. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-925820-8}}.</ref> 
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Gegeen Khan]] (Prince Shidibala) becomes the new Mongol Emperor Yingzong of the Yuan dynasty of China after the death of his father, Emperor Renzong, on March 1.
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Pope John VIII of Alexandria]], leader of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]], dies in Egypt after a reign of 20 years. He will be succeeded by [[Pope John IX of Alexandria|Pope John IX]]
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[King Edward II of England]] appoints Lord Pembroke as keeper of the realm before traveling to France.<ref>James Conway Davies, ''The Baronial Opposition to Edward II Its Character and Policy: A Study in Administrative History'' (Cambridge University Press, 1918) p.439</ref>
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Ismail I of Granada#Consolidation|Treaty of Baena]]: Sultan Ismail I of Granada signs an 8-year truce with [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] at [[Baena]]. King [[James II of Aragon]], who receives papal authorization and funds for a crusade against the [[Emirate of Granada]] refuses to accept the treaty. Both parties promise to aid one another against their respective enemies. Meanwhile, Ismail consolidates the territories formally under his control with the emirate.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 147. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Shepherds' Crusade (1320)|Shepherds' Crusade]]: Unnerved by the prospect of the arrival of the shepherds at Avignon to begin a crusade, Pope John XXII orders their dispersal.

=== July &ndash; September ===
*July &ndash; Shepherds' Crusade: Many followers are arrested and executed, after which there are no further incidents and the crusade disperses.<ref>Malcolm Barber (1981). "The Pastoureaux of 1320". ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'' 32 (2) pp. 143–166.</ref>
*[[July 6]] &ndash;To strengthen the alliance between Hungary and Poland, and with the approval of Pope John XXII, [[Charles I of Hungary]] marries [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Princess Elizabeth of Poland]], the 15-year-old daughter [[Władysław I Łokietek|King Wladyslaw I]].<ref>Brzezinski, Richard (1990). ''History of Poland: The Piast Dynasty'', pp. 24–25. {{ISBN|83-7212-019-6}}.</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; In India's [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah]] is murdered by his favourite, [[Khusrau Khan]], who succeeds him on the throne.<ref name=Hywel>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 157. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>  
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[William II de Soules]] confesses to treason before the Scottish Parliament at a hearing at the "Black Parliament" session held at Scone. For the crime of conspiring against King Robert, Soules is sentenced to life imprisonment at Dumbarton Castle.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; Delhi's Sultan [[Khusrau Khan]], who betrayed and murdered Qutbuddin Shah earlier in the year to become ruler in India, is himself betrayed and murdered by his governor, [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]], who founds Delhi's [[Tughlaq dynasty]]. Sultan Ghiyath appoints military governors in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] province, who manage to halt Mongol incursions towards the sultanate.<ref name=Hywel/>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Battle of Saint George]]: Byzantine forces under [[Andronikos Asen]] defeat the army of the [[Principality of Achaea]], securing the possession of [[Barony of Arcadia|Arcadia]]. During the battle, Latin commander [[Bartholomew II Ghisi]] is taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent to [[Constantinople]].<ref>Bon, Antoine (1969). ''La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe'', p. 202. [''The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea''] (in French). Paris: De Boccard. {{OCLC|869621129}}.</ref><ref>Ravegnano, Giorgio (2000). "GHISI, Bartolomeo". ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'', Volume 54: ''Ghiselli-Gimma'' (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. {{ISBN|978-8-81200032-6}}.</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Pope John IX of Alexandria]] is elected as the new spiritual leader of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]], succeeding Pope John VIII.
* September 1320 - [[Sripada Sri Vallabha]], incarnation of Lord Datta, is born in [[Pithapuram|Pithapur]], Andhra Pradesh.

=== October &ndash; December ===
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Andronikos II Palaiologos]], who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son [[Michael IX Palaiologos]]. Michael's son [[Andronikos III Palaiologos|Andronikos]] begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Magnus Birgersson (1300–1320)|Magnus Birgersson]], who had been the crown prince of Sweden until his father, [[Birger, King of Sweden|King Birger]] was forced to flee, is beheaded by order of King Magnus Eriksson. Magnus had defended the [[Stegeborg Castle]] in 1318 to allow his father to flee to safety. When the castle surrendered, it was under the condition that Magnus would not be harmed.<ref>[https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=10144 "Magnus Birgersson"], by Hans Gillingstam, in ''Svenskt biografiskt lexikon'' (Riksarkivet, 1982)</ref>

===Date unknown===
* Autumn &ndash; Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen capture the Latin castles of [[Akova Castle|Akova]] and [[Karytaina]]. They secure control over Arcadia and [[Cynuria]] in the [[Peloponnese]].<ref>Topping, Peter (1975). "The Morea, 1311–1364". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth  and Fifteenth Centuries'', p. 117. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-06670-3}}.</ref>
* [[Battle of Rhodes (1320)|Battle of Rhodes]]: The [[Knights Hospitaller]] defeat an attempt by the Turks of [[Menteshe]] to capture [[Rhodes]]. During the battle, a Turkish invasion fleet (some 80 ships) is destroyed by a smaller Hospitaller-Genoese fleet.<ref>Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries'', pp. 288–289. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-06670-3}}.</ref>
* The [[Venetian Arsenal]], a dockyard for naval ships, is rebuilt, known as the ''Arsenale Nuovo''.
* [[Henri de Mondeville]], French surgeon and physician, writes ''La Chirurgie'', the first textbook on [[surgery]] by a Frenchmen.
* Approximate date &ndash; Earliest likely date for first permanent settlement of [[New Zealand]] by [[Māori people]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Walters|first1=Richard|last2=Buckley|first2=Hallie|last3=Jacomb|first3=Chris|last4=Matisoo-Smith|first4=Elizabeth|title=Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|volume=30|issue=4|pages=351–376|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y|doi=10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y|date=2017-10-07|accessdate=2025-03-29|doi-access=free}}</ref>