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== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 29]] – King [[Jogaila]] of the [[Poland]]–[[Lithuania]] Union answers the rumblings against his rule of Poland, by marrying [[Anna of Celje]], a granddaughter of [[Casimir III of Poland]]. * [[February 8]] – The [[Great Comet of 1402]] is first observed by people living in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kronk |first1=Gary W. |title=Cometography: 1800-1899 |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-58504-0 |pages=260–263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Umxbb68tmZMC&pg=PA260 |language=en}}</ref> The comet, visible for eight days even in daylight, makes its closest approach to Earth on February 20. It is last seen on March 27. * [[February 19]] – Sigismund of Křižanov, Prokop of Luxemburg and King Wenceslas IV of Bohemia carry out an unsuccessful raid on the military garrison of Jihlava in an attack against the Kingdom of Croatia, led by [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund of Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Škvrňák |first1=Jan |title=Moravské markraběcí války (Moravian Margrave Wars) |url=https://www.e-stredovek.cz/post/moravske-markrabeci-valky/ |website=Středověk |access-date=7 February 2023 |language=cs |date=27 October 2013}}</ref> The Bohemians are routed, and Wenceslas is captured. * [[March 26]] – [[David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay]], heir to the throne of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], dies while being held captive by his uncle, [[Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany]]. === April–June === * [[April 2]] – [[Jingnan campaign]]: In China, the Yan Army, led by Prince [[Zhu Di]] reaches Suishui, west of [[Huaibei]], in what is now the [[Anhui]] province.<ref name=Hing243>Hing Ming Hung, ''From the Mongols to the Ming Dynasty: How a Begging Monk Became Emperor of China, Zhu Yuan Zhang'' (Algora Publishing, 2016)p.243</ref> * [[April 3]] – King [[Henry IV of England]] is [[proxy marriage|married by proxy]] to [[Joan of Navarre, Queen of England|Joan of Navarre]] in a ceremony at the [[Eltham Palace]] near [[London]].<ref>Jenny Stratford, ''Richard II and the English Royal Treasure'' (Boydell Press, 2012) p.120</ref> * [[April 29]] – [[Jingnan campaign]]: The Yan Army overwhelms the Imperial Army of Southern China at Linghi, capturing General [[Ping (surname)#Notable people|Ping An]].<ref name=Hing243/> * [[May 7]] – [[Jingnan campaign]]: The Yan Army continues its march, capturing [[Sizhou|Sixian]] and reaching the north bank of the [[Huai River]].<ref name=Hing243 /> * [[May 21]] – Following the death of Queen [[Maria, Queen of Sicily|Maria of Sicily]], her husband [[Martin I of Sicily]], now sole ruler, marries [[Blanche I of Navarre|Blanche of Navarre]] by proxy. They marry in person on December 26. * [[June 3]] – [[Jingnan campaign]]: After crossing the Huai River into what is now [[Jiangsu]] province, and taking Yangzhou (May 18) and Luhe (May 19), the Yan Army of [[Zhu Di]] crosses the [[Yangtze River]] at Guazhou and is within striking distance of the Imperial Chinese capital at Nanjing by June 8, forcing Emperor Zhu Yun Wen to prepare terms of surrender that include granting the Yan Kingdom areas north of the Yangtze. Zhu Di refuses.<ref name=Hing244/> * [[June 13]] – [[Jingnan campaign]]: The Army of Yan arrives at the walls of [[Nanjing]], capital of Imperial China and surrounds the city. The defenders on the north side open the Jinchuan Gate and let the invaders in. The Emperor Zhu Yun Wen then orders for the palace to be set on fire with himself and his followers burned to death inside before the Yan King [[Zhu Di]] arrives. Zhu Di orders the execution of 29 palace officials.<ref name=Hing244>Hing Ming Hung, ''From the Mongols to the Ming Dynasty: How a Begging Monk Became Emperor of China, Zhu Yuan Zhang'' (Algora Publishing, 2016)p.244</ref> * [[June 14]] – [[Zhu Di]], King of the Yan State at [[Beijing]], becomes the new Ming Dynasty Emperor of China at [[Nanjing]], uniting north and south China.<ref name=Hing244/> * [[June 22]] ** [[Battle of Nesbit Moor (1402)|Battle of Nesbit Moor]]: An English force decisively defeats a returning [[Scotland|Scottish]] raiding party. ** [[Battle of Bryn Glas]]: Welsh rebels under [[Owain Glyndŵr]] defeat the English on the England/Wales border.<ref>{{Coflein|num=306352|desc=Battle at Bryn Glas; Battle of Pilleth|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> The Welsh capture [[Edmund Mortimer (rebel)|Edmund Mortimer]], son of the 3rd Earl, who defects to the Welsh cause, on 30 November marrying Owain's daughter Catrin. * [[June 26]] – [[Battle of Casalecchio]]: [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]], the Duke of [[Duchy of Milan|Milan]], crushes the forces of [[Bologna]] and [[Florence]]. He dies from a fever less than three months later. === July–September === * [[July 17]] – The [[Ming dynasty]] prince Zhu Di of Yan is formally crowned as the new [[Yongle Emperor|Ming Dynasty Emperor Yongle]] at Nanjing, marking the end of the [[Jingnan campaign]]. * [[July 20]] – [[Battle of Ankara]]: An invading [[Timurid Empire]] force defeats the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Bayezid I]], who is captured. A [[Ottoman Interregnum|period of interregnum]] begins in the Ottoman Empire, with the future [[Mehmed I]] as one of the leading claimants to the throne. After [[Serbia]] is freed from Ottoman rule, [[Stefan Lazarević]] is crowned Despot of [[Serbian Despotate|Serbia]]. * [[August 1]] – [[Edward, 2nd Duke of York|Edward of Norwich]] becomes the second [[Duke of York]] in England upon the death of his father, [[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York|Edmund of Langley]]. He will serve until his death in [[1415]] in the [[Battle of Agincourt]]. * [[August 15]] – [[Henry III of Castile|King Enrique III]] of [[King of Castile|Castile]] and [[King of León|León]] (comprising most of [[Spain]]) signs a peace treaty with his brother-in-law, [[John I of Portugal|King João I of Portugal]], ending fighting that began in 1396. The wives of the two kings, [[Catherine of Lancaster]] and [[Philippa of Lancaster]] respectively, are sisters. * [[September 3]] – [[Gian Maria Visconti]] becomes the second [[List of dukes of Milan|Duke of Milan]] upon the death of his father, [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]]. * [[September 14]] – [[Battle of Homildon Hill]]: Northern English nobles, led by Sir [[Henry Percy (Hotspur)]], and using [[longbow]]s, decisively defeat a Scottish raiding army and capture their leader, the [[Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas|Earl of Douglas]]. * [[September 30]] – The new session of the English Parliament is opened by King Henry IV and lasts for almost two months. === October–December === * [[October 1]] – The [[House of Commons of England]] is opened at [[Coventry]] by King Henry IV, whose Lord Chancellor asks the members to pass a tax to support an offensive war against Scotland, enemies of Wales, Ireland and for defending the Marches of Guienne and Calais. [[Henry Redford]] is elected Speaker of the House. * [[October 10]] – A rare conference begins in England between the House of Commons and the House of Lords takes place with the permission of the King, and results in a 3-shilling tax on wine and a 14-pence tax on other merchandise. * [[October 28]] – The "[[False Olaf]]", a [[Bohemia]]n immigrant who bore a resemblance to the late [[Olaf II of Denmark|King Olaf of Denmark and Norway]] and impersonated the late monarch earlier in the year, is burned at the stake as punishment.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cole |first=Richard |title=The False King Olaf and His Necklace of Letters |journal=Scandinavian Studies |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=1–34 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |location=Madison |date=20 March 2023 |url=https://sca.uwpress.org/content/95/1/1 |doi=10.3368/sca.95.1.0001 |access-date=8 October 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * [[November 5]] – The [[Republic of Genoa]] resumes control of [[Monaco]], deposing [[Louis, Lord of Monaco|Louis Grimaldi]]. Genoese control lasts for more than 16 years. * [[November 21]] – [[Stefan Lazarević]] leads the [[Serbian Despotate]] to victory over the Ottoman Governor [[Durad Brankovic]] at the [[Battle of Tripolje]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Purković|first=Miodrag|title=Knez i despot Stefan Lazarević|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNlBAAAAYAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Sveti arhijerejski sinod Srpske pravoslavne crkve|page=69}}</ref> * [[November 23]] – The Byzantine Emperor [[Manuel II Palaiologos]] leaves [[France]] after a stay of almost two years.<ref>{{cite book |title=Greeks, Latins, and Intellectual History 1204-1500 |last1=Hinterberger |first1=Martin |last2=Schabel |first2=Chris |publisher=Peeters |year=2011 |page=411 |url=https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/files/16794227/dendrinos_manuel_ii_in_paris.pdf }}</ref> * [[November 25]] – The fourth parliament of King Henry IV of England closes at [[Westminster]] after two months and the passage of new laws, including the [[penal Laws against Wales]] which stop the Welsh from [[freedom of assembly|gathering together]], obtaining office, [[carrying arms]] and living in English towns. The laws apply to any Englishman who marries a Welsh woman. * [[December 2]] – (6 Jumada al-Awwal [[Islamic calendar|805 A.H.]]) With 4,000 troops, [[Timur|Tamerlane]], Amir of the [[Timurid Empire]] covering much of what is now Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan begins the [[Siege of Smyrna]] (now Izmir in Turkey). Smyrna is captured after two days of attacks on its outer walls.<ref>{{cite book |first=Marie-Mathilde |last=Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru |title=La campagne de Timur en Anatolie, 1402 |location=London |publisher=Variorum |year=1977 |orig-year=1942 |pages=88–90}}</ref> After the Christian [[Knights of Saint John]], who are ruling [[Smyrna]], refuse to convert to Islam or pay tribute, [[Timur]] has the entire Christian population massacred. The Knights subsequently begin building [[Bodrum Castle]] in [[Bodrum]], to defend against future attacks. * [[December 26]] – (3rd waxing of [[Tabodwe]] [[Burmese calendar|764 ME]]) [[Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403)|Ava–Hanthawaddy War]]: In what is now [[Myanmar]], the forces of the [[Ava Kingdom]], led by King [[Minkhaung I]] defeat King [[Razadarit]] of the [[Kingdom of Hanthawaddy]] in the Battle of Nawin, forcing Razadarit to abandon the siege of [[Pyay|Prome]]. === Date unknown === * The [[Malacca Sultanate]] is established at Melaka Darul Azim (modern-day Melaka Darul Azim, Malaysia). * [[Conquest of the Canary Islands]]: King [[Henry III of Castile]] sends French explorer [[Jean de Béthencourt]] to colonize the [[Canary Islands]]. Béthencourt receives the title King of the Canary Islands but recognizes Henry as his overlord. * The [[Republic of Genoa]] regains control of [[Monaco]]. * The [[Aq Qoyunlu]] ("White Sheep Turkmen") tribal confederation, in modern-day northern [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]], moves its capital from [[Amida (Roman city)|Amida]] to [[Diyarbakır]]. * [[Moldavia]] becomes a vassal of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] in order to protect itself from an invasion by [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]. * [[Maria II Zaccaria]] succeeds her husband, [[Pedro de San Superano]], as regent of the [[Principality of Achaea]] (modern-day southern [[Greece]]). * Conchobar an Abaidh mac Maelsechlainn O Cellaigh succeeds Maelsechlainn mac William Buidhe O Cellaigh, as King of [[Uí Maine]] in modern-day [[County Galway]] and [[County Roscommon]] in [[Ireland]]. * The [[University of Würzburg]] is founded. * The [[Gangnido]] map of the world is completed in [[Joseon dynasty]] [[Korea]]. * A [[Great comet]] is sighted. * A big fire in the city of [[Utrecht]] starts near the [[Jacobikerk]].</onlyinclude>
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