Editing 1410 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 27]] &ndash; The 8th Parliament of King Henry IV of England is opened, with [[Thomas Chaucer]] as Speaker of the House of Commons.
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter]] becomes the new [[List of lord chancellors and lord keepers|Lord Chancellor of England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Powicke |date=1961 |first1=F. M. |last2=Fryde |first2=E.B. |title=Handbook of British Chronology |edition=2nd |publisher=Royal Historical Society |place=London |page=85 |author-link=F. M. Powicke }}</ref>
* [[February 26]] &ndash; A [[papal bull]] is issued from [[Avignon]] by the [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] for [[Joan Gilabert Jofré]] to create the ''[[:es:Hospital General Universitario (Valencia)|Hospital dels Ignoscents]]'', the world's first hospital for the treatment of mental illness.<ref>[http://www.aciprensa.com/noticia.php?n=15666 "Concluye fase diocesana del proceso de canonización del Padre Jofré"] (in Spanish; "Diocesan stage of canonization of Padre Jofre Completed")] publ. ACI, 8 February 2007], accessed 11 July 2011</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; The first of the [[Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols]] is launched as at least 100,000 soldiers depart from [[Beijing]] on a mission to depose [[Öljei Temür Khan]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Perdue |first = Peter C. |title = China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia |url = https://archive.org/details/chinamarcheswest00pete |url-access = registration |year = 2005 |publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |page=55 |isbn = 067401684X }}</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragonese]] capture [[Oristano]], capital of the [[Giudicato di Arborea]] in [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Casula |first=Francesco Cesare |year=1994 |title=La Storia di Sardegna |publisher=Carlo Delfino Editore |place=[[Sassari]] |page=372 |language=it |author-link=Francesco Cesare Casula |isbn=978-88-7138-084-1}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 15]] &ndash; At the wedding in [[Gien]] of [[Charles, Duke of Orléans]] to [[Bonne of Armagnac]], the most powerful nobles of France form the League of Gien, joining forces to fight the [[Duke of Burgundy]], [[John the Fearless]], beginning [[Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War|a civil war that will last for 30 years]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Robin |last=Neillands |title=The Hundred Years War |publisher=Routledge |location=London |year=2001 |page=196 |isbn=0-415-26131-7}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; The English Parliament closes its session for the year, and [[royal assent]] is given by King Henry IV to various acts, including the Sealing of Cloths Act 1409 and the Unlawful Games Act.
* [[May 17]] &ndash; At Pisa, Cardinal Baldasare Cossa is elected by members of the [[Council of Pisa]] as the successor to the "[[antipope]]" [[Antipope Alexander V|Alexander V]], who had died on [[May 4]]. On [[May 25]], Cossa takes the name "[[Antipope John XXIII|John XXIII]]",<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08434a.htm "John XXIII"], by J. P. Kirsch, in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910)</ref> a name that will be used more than 500 years later in [[1958]] when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli is crowned as [[Pope John XXIII]].
* [[May 18]] &ndash; The death of [[Rupert, King of the Romans]], [[Elector Palatine|Elector of Palatine]] and ruler of Germany, creates a conflict over who will be the successor to the German throne.<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Cambridge Medieval History |volume=6:c.1300-1415 |chapter=The Empire:The Luxembourgs and Rupert of the Palatinate, 1347-1410 |first=Ivan |last=Hlavacek |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 }}</ref> Rupert's son becomes the new [[Louis III, Elector Palatine]] as Ludwig III.  
* [[May 19]] &ndash; During his [[Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols|campaign against the Eastern Mongols]], China's [[Yongle Emperor]] stops with his troops at Minluanshu and orders the carving of an inscription on rocks at the north bank of the [[Kerulen]] river, declaring "In the eighth year of the Yongle geng yin, fourth month ding you, sixteenth day ren zi, the Emperor of the Great Ming passed here with six armies during the punitive expedition against the barbarian robbers."<ref name=Rossabi>{{cite book |last=Rossabi |first=Morris |title=The Cambridge History of China, Volume 8: The Ming Dynasty, 1398–1644, Part 2 |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=229 |isbn=9780521243339 |chapter=The Ming and Inner Asia }}</ref>
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Martin of Aragon|King Martin I of Aragon]] (who is also King Martin II of Sicily) dies at the age of 53, leaving a question of who his successor will be, and five contenders for the thrones of both nations argue until the crown is awarded to Martin's nephew, [[Ferdinand I of Aragon|Ferdiand]], in 1412.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morris |first1=Paul N. |title=Patronage and Piety Montserrat and the Royal House of Medieval Catalonia-Aragon |url=http://www.glossa.fi/mirator/pdf/Morris.pdf |access-date=24 June 2018 |page=8 |date=October 2000}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; 
**At the [[Onon River]], the Chinese Army, under the command of the [[Yongle Emperor]], annihilates the Mongol forces of the [[Khagan]] [[Öljei Temür Khan]], also known as Bunyashiri. The Khagan escapes and the Chinese troops pursue [[Arughtai]], [[chingsang]] of another branch of the [[Northern Yuan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Chan |first=Hok-lam |title=The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521243322 |chapter=The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns, 1399–1435 |page=226 }}</ref><ref name=Rossabi/>
**[[Ottoman Interregnum]]: [[Süleyman Çelebi]], the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, defeats his brother [[Musa Çelebi]], at the  [[Battle of Kosmidion]] outside of the Byzantine capital, [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Kastritsis | first = Dimitris | title = The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13 | publisher = BRILL | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-90-04-15836-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u_evCQAAQBAJ | pages=149–150}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Ottoman Interregnum]]: [[Süleyman Çelebi]] [[Battle of Edirne (1410)|defeats]] his brother [[Musa Çelebi]] outside the Ottoman capital, [[Edirne]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Kastritsis | first = Dimitris | title = The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13 | publisher = BRILL | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-90-04-15836-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u_evCQAAQBAJ | pages=152–153}}</ref>
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of Grunwald]] (Žalgiris), also known as Battle of [[Stębark|Tannenberg]]:  [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Polish]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuanian]] forces under cousins [[Jogaila]] and [[Vytautas the Great]] decisively defeat the forces of the [[Teutonic Knights]], whose power is broken.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Knoll |first=Paul W. |year=1983 |title= In Search of the Battle of Grunwald. Review of Die Schlacht bei Tannenberg 1410, Quellenkritische Untersuchungen, vol. I: Einführung und Quellenlage by S. Ekdahl |journal=The Polish Review |volume= 28 |issue=3 |pages=67–76 |jstor=25777993}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Marienburg (1410)|Siege of Marienburg]] (now [[Malbork]] in [[Poland]]), capital of the [[State of the Teutonic Order]] of the Teutonic Knights, begins with an attack by Poland and Lithuania with an army of 26,000 men against less than 5,000 Teutons.<ref name=Turnbull>{{citation |first=Stephen |last=Turnbull |authorlink=Stephen Turnbull (historian) |title=Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights |year=2003 |location=London |publisher=Osprey |series=Campaign Series |volume=122 |pages=74–77 |isbn=978-1-84176-561-7}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] &ndash; The [[Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard]] is submitted by [[Bogislaw VIII]], the Duke of Pomerania, to become a [[fiefdom]] within the [[Kingdom of Poland]], led by [[Władysław II Jagiełło|King Wladyslaw II]]. In return, Bogislaw receives [[Lauenburg and Bütow Land]] as well as [[Człuchów]], [[Biały Bór]], [[Debrzno]], [[Świdwin]] and [[Czarne]].<ref>K. Kozłowski and J. Podralski, ''Gryfici: Książęta Pomorza Zachodniego'' (Szczecin: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1985), p.73 ISBN 83-03-00530-8, OCLC 189424372</ref>
* [[September 16]] &ndash; After a siege of almost four months, the Muslim city of [[Antequera]], located in what is now [[Andalusia]] in [[Spain]], surrenders to the Crown of Castile and its army, commanded by [[Ferdinand I of Aragon|Prince Ferdinand of Aragon]].<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2011|volume=33|pages=40–41|url=https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/70485/AH33-1.pdf?sequence=1|issn=1695-1956|journal=Andalucía en la Historia|title=La toma de Antequera y el infante don Fernando|first=Manuel|last=García Fernández}}</ref> 
* [[September 19]] &ndash; After nearly two months of no progress against the defending Teutonic Knights, and the dissatisfaction of the Lithuanians and Poles in continuing a long-term conflict, the siege of Marienburg is lifted.<ref name=Turnbull/>
* [[September 20]] &ndash; Following the death of Rupert, King of the Romans, on May 18, a council of three electors— [[Louis III, Elector Palatine]]; [[Werner von Falkenstein]], [[Elector of Trier]] and [[Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg]], [[Burgraviate of Nuremberg|Burgrave of Nuremberg]] votes to elect [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|King Sigismund of Hungary]] as the new King of the Romans and the informal "King of Germany". The rest of the electors of the Holy Roman Empire refuse to accept Sigismund.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Ein Mann will nach oben |trans-title=A man wants to rise to power |language=German |first=Thomas |last=Krzenck |magazine=[[Damals]] |volume=45 |issue=8 |year=2013 |pages=72–77}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; A different set of electors— [[Friedrich III. von Saarwerden]], Elector of Cologne; Johann II von Nassau, [[Elector of Mainz]] and [[Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Rudolf III, Elector of Saxony]] elects [[Jobst of Moravia]] as their choice for the King of the Romans.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282062/page/n151/mode/2up The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume VIII, Page 122]</ref> The conflict will remain unresolved for another four years.
* [[October 10]] &ndash; The Polish-Lithuanian alliance defeats the Teutonic Knights in the [[Battle of Koronowo]].<ref>Jan Dlugosz, and Maurice Michael, translator, ''The Annals of Jan Długosz: A History of Eastern Europe from A. D. 965 to A. D. 1480'' (IM Publications, 1997), pp. 399-401</ref>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Euthymius II of Constantinople|Euthymius II]] becomes the new [[List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]], leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church among Christians, after the death in August of the [[Matthew I of Constantinople|Patriarch Matthew I]].    
* [[November 2]] &ndash; A temporary halt to the [[Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War]] in [[France]] is reached with the signing of a truce at [[Le Kremlin-Bicêtre|Bicêtre]], near [[Paris]].<ref>Bertrand Schnerb, ''Les Armagnacs et les Bourguignons: La maudite guerre''(Paris: Perrin 1988)</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; The Teutonic Council, led by the Grand Master [[Heinrich von Plauen]], and King Jogalia of Poland and Duke of Lithuania enter into a 32-day truce.<ref name=Turnbull/>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Jan Hus]] is excommunicated by the [[Archbishop of Prague]].
* Construction begins on Castle [[Woerden]] in the [[Netherlands]].
* The [[Prague Astronomical Clock]] (also known as [[Prague Orloj]]) is built by [[Mikuláš of Kadaň]] and [[Jan Šindel]] in [[Prague]], the capital of the [[Czech Republic]].</onlyinclude><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Rhiannon |title=Prague astronomical clock, the oldest of its kind, is 605 years old |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/google-doodle/11919530/Prague-astronomical-clock-the-oldest-of-its-kind-is-605-years-old.html |access-date=9 October 2015 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=9 October 2015 |location=UK}}</ref>