Editing 1437 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 15]]&ndash; The [[Compacts of Basel]] are ratified by the [[Council of Florence|Council of Basel]] in [[Switzerland]], as the Roman Catholic Church ends its campaign against the [[Hussites]]. Among other things, the Church authorizes Hussite priests to administer [[sacramental wine]] to their congregations as part of the [[Communion under both kinds|Communion]] during the [[Eucharist]] before [[Easter]] without declaring the same to be [[heresy]], but stops short of allowing the Communion wafer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stieber |first=Joachim W. |year=1978 |title=Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire: The Conflict Over Supreme Authority and Power in the Church |publisher=BRILL |page=163 |isbn=90-04-05240-2 }}</ref>
* [[January 17]]&ndash; The [[Battle of Hällaskogen]] is fought in Sweden as rebels from the cities of [[Arboga]], [[Köping, Sweden|Köping]], and [[Örebro]], led by [[:sv:Erik Puke|Erik Puke]], defeat the troops sent by [[Charles VIII of Sweden|King Karl VIII]]. Puke is captured a few weeks later and beheaded on February 13.<ref>Harrison, Dick, ''Karl Knutsson - en biografi'' (Lund: Historiska media, 2002) {{ISBN|91-89442-58-X}}</ref>
* [[January 21]]&ndash; The [[English Parliament]], summoned in the name of King Henry VI on October 29, assembles at Westminster. The House of Commons elects the ailing [[John Tyrrell (died 1437)|John Tyrrell]] as its Speaker.
* [[February 13]]&ndash; In France, English troops led by the  [[John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|Earl of Shrewsbury]] capture the town of [[Pontoise]], less than {{convert|18|mi}} from [[Paris]], and threaten the royal capital before being forced to abandon their position.<ref>{{cite DNB |last=Tait |first=J. |display=Talbot, John, first Earl of Shrewsbury (1388?–1453) |volume=55 |wstitle=Talbot, John (1388?–1453) |author-link=James Tait (historian) }}</ref>
* [[February 21]]&ndash; [[James I of Scotland|King James I]] of [[Scotland]] is assassinated in an attempted coup d'état led by his uncle and former ally, [[Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl]]. The night before, the King and his wife, [[Catherine Douglas]] had stopped at [[Blackfriars, Perth|Blackfriars monastery]] in [[Perth]]. Queen Catherine is injured while barring the door with her arm in order to allow the King to escape, and King James is found in the early hours of the morning and stabbed to death while trying to escape.<ref>{{citation |last=Brown |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Brown (historian) |title=James I. |publisher=Tuckwell Press |year=1994 |location=East Linton, Scotland |pages=187–188 |isbn=978-1-86232-105-2}}</ref>
* [[March 11]]&ndash; The supernova Nova Scorpii AD 1437 is first observed, and is seen by Korean astronomers at [[Seoul]]. The supernova is visible until March 25.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Marina |last=Koren | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/08/a-cosmic-whodunit/538482/?single_page=true |title = Solving a 600-Year-Old Cosmic Mystery|website = [[The Atlantic]]|date = August 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>"Proper-motion age dating of the progeny of Nova Scorpii AD 1437", by Michael Shara, Richard Stephenson, and Mike Bode, in ''Nature'' (2017) pp.558–560 (pmid=PMID 28858302 bibcode=2017Natur.548..558S arxiv=1704.00086 s2cid=205259426</ref>
* [[March 24]]&ndash; In Italy, [[Tomaso di Campofregoso]], the [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]] is forced to step down in favor of his brother, [[:it:Battista Fregoso (1380-1442)|Battista di Campofregoso]], however, changes his mind later in the day and Tomaso is re-installed as the doge.
* [[March 25]] &ndash; In a ceremony in [[Holyrood Abbey]], six-year old Prince James is crowned as [[James II of Scotland]] by [[Pope Eugene IV]]. <ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_the_British_Mon/oeDwEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=coronation+James+II+of+Scotland+March+1437&pg=PA582&printsec=frontcover "James II of Scotland"], in ''Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy'', by Kenneth J. Panton (Rowman and Littlefield, 2023) p.582</ref> For the security of the crown, the capital of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] is moved from [[Dunfermline]] to [[Edinburgh]].
* [[March 26]] &ndash; In Scotland, [[Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl]], at one time the [[heir presumptive]] to the Scottish throne until the birth of James II, is brutally executed for the assassination of King James I. A red hot iron crown placed upon his head, after which he is cut into pieces while still alive and his heart was taken out, after which his body is thrown into a fire.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoJnKgmUH54C|title=Encyclopaedia Perthensis; or, Universal Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, &c.|chapter=Scotland|volume=20|year=1816|location=Edinburgh|publisher=John Brown, Anchor Close}}</ref>
* [[March 27]] &ndash; The regents for King Henry VI give [[royal assent]] to the legislation passed by the English Parliament, including the [[Marshalsea Act 1436|Marshalsea Act]]; the Exportation of Corn Act (excusing licensing fees of small amounts of grain, at less than 6 shillings, 8 pence for wheat or 3 shillings for barley); and the Guilds and Fraternities Act.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |date=1972 |url={{GBurl|lUMIAAAAMAAJ|page=32}} |pages=32 |isbn=978-0-11-840096-1 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; A [[bubonic plague]] epidemic strikes the independent city of [[Dubrovnik|Ragusa]] (now [[Dubrovnik]] in [[Croatia]]) capital of the [[Republic of Ragusa]], and a group of 10 patricians reject the chance to flee, staying to govern the city. Within 15 days, nine of the ten are dead, and only Marin Simunov Rastic survives. The progress of the plague, which lasts for more than two months, is chronicled by an Italian-born resident, Opis Diversis.<ref name=Tomic>Zlata Blazina Tomic and Vesna Blazina, ''Expelling the Plague: The Health Office and the Implementation of Quarantine in Dubrovnik, 1377-1533'' (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2015) pp.120-121 {{ISBN|9780773597129}}</ref>
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Malmö]] in [[Denmark]] (now [[Sweden]]) receives its current [[coat of arms]].
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Pope Eugene IV]] issues the papal bull ''Dominatur Dominus'' to further safeguard the rights of the [[Guanches]], the natives of the Portuguese-controlled Canary Islands.<ref>{{cite book |last=Castañeda Delgado |first=Paulino |title=La Teocracia Pontifical en las controversias sobre el Nuevo Mundo |publisher=Universidad Autónoma de México |year=1996 |chapter=La Santa Sede ante las empresas marítimas ibéricas |chapter-url=http://www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/2/725/14.pdf |isbn=978-9683651532 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927135626/http://www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/2/725/14.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; In [[Bohemia]], the [[Sion Castle]] near [[Kutná Hora]] in what is now the Czech Republic is [[:cs:Obléhání hradu Sion|besieged by royal forces]] sent by the [[Sigismund of Luxembourg|Emperor Zikmund Lucemburský]] and commanded by his [[Hofmeister (office)|Hofmeister]], [[Hynce Ptáček of Pirkštejn]]. The siege, defended by the Taborite Hussite [[Jan Roháč of Dubá]], lasts for four months before succeeding.<ref>''Ze starých letopisů českých'' ("From the Old Czech Chronicles") (Svoboda Press, 1980) p.125</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; (Full moon of [[Nayon]] [[Burmese calendar|799 M.E.]]) In Burma, King [[Mohnyin Thado]] of [[Kingdom of Ava|Ava]] announces that, effective March 30, 1438, the year will be recalibrated after [[Burmese calendar|799 M.E.]] to will become [[Burmese calendar|2 M.E.]], as part of the recommendations of his astrologers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kala|first=U|author-link=U Kala|title=[[Maha Yazawin]]|publisher=Ya-Pyei Publishing|location=Yangon|orig-year=1724|year=2006|page=70| edition=4th printing|language=Burmese|volume=1–3}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] &ndash; During a visit by [[Philip the Good|Phillip III of Burgundy]], who still controls parts of France while his war against King Charles VI continues, rebels in the city of [[Bruges]] take over and lynch his representative, Marshal [[Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam]], while Philip himself narrowly escapes capture.<ref>{{cite book |language=fr|first=Paul et A.-M.|last=Bonenfant|title=Philippe le Bon: sa politique, son action (Philip the Good: his policy, his action)|publisher=De Boeck Université|year=1996|page=476}}</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; A peasant army gathers at Babolna during the [[Transylvanian peasant revolt]] against King Sigismund of Hungary and defeat the Hungarian Governor, Ladislaus Csaki.<ref>"Transylvanian peasant revolt", in ''Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century'', ed. by Tony Jacques (Greenwood Press, 2006) p.90</ref>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; On the feast day of St. John the Baptist, the plague in Ragusa is declared at an end.<ref name=Tomic/>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]]&ndash; The [[Transylvanian peasant revolt]] comes to an end with a formal treaty signed at the monastery of Cluj-Manastur, reducing the [[tithe]] to be paid to their employers, and abolishing the tax requiring surrendering one-ninth of each individual's production of wine and grain, and confirming the right of peasants to move freely within Transylvania.<ref>Pal Engel, ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526'' (I. B. Tauris, 2001) {{ISBN|9780857731739}}</ref>
* [[August 22]]&ndash; Portugal's disastrous Tangier expedition to attack Morocco begins as [[Prince Henry the Navigator]] and more than 6,000 troops (3,000 knights, 2,000 infantry, 1,000 archers) sail from the port of [[Belém, Lisbon|Belém]] toward Africa and the Portuguese colony of [[Ceuta]]. They arrive at Ceuta five days later.<ref name=Quintella>Ignacio da Costa Quintella, ''Annaes da Marinha Portugueza'', 2 vols (Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciencias, 1840) pp.87-95</ref>
* [[September 20]]&ndash;
**Led by [[Prince Henry the Navigator]], a poorly-prepared Portuguese [[Battle of Tangier (1437)|attempt to conquer]] the city of [[Tangier]] in the [[Marinid dynasty|Marinid Sultanate]] in [[Morocco]] begins. Although the Portuguese have more than 6,000 troops, they reach the walled city and find that their scaling ladders are too short to reach the top, and their artillery is too weak to damage the walls.<ref name=Quintella/>
**The siege of the [[Sion Castle]] in [[Bohemia]] by the armies of the [[Sigismund of Luxembourg|Emperor Zikmund Lucemburský]] is successful.
* [[September 30]]&ndash; A Moroccan relief force of at least 10,000 cavalry and 90,000 foot soldiers arrives at Tangier to halt Portugal's assault on Tangier.<ref name=Quintella/>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; The Portuguese, reinforced with better equipment and having routed the Moroccans two days earlier, make a second assault on Tangier and fail.<ref name=Quintella/>
* [[October 9]] &ndash; A counterattack on the Portuguese troops' camp, with additional troops led by the Moroccan grand vizier, [[Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Wattasi]], forces the Portuguese to flee to their ships but King Henry's son, [[Ferdinand the Holy Prince|Prince Ferdinand]], is taken as a prisoner of war.<ref name=Quintella/>
* [[October 15]] &ndash; Prince [[Henry the Navigator]] (Henrique, o Navegador), brother of [[Edward, King of Portugal|King Duarte of Portugal]], agrees on behalf Portugal to cede its North African colony of [[Ceuta]] back to Morocco in return for being allowed to withdraw all of his troops, including those taken prisoner.
* [[October 19]] &ndash; After negotiating a surrender and exchanging prisoners of war with the Moroccans, the Portuguese troops leave Tangier and sail away from Morocco.<ref name=Quintella/>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; On [[All Saints Day]], five weeks before his 16th birthday, King [[Henry VI of England]] has a second coronation ceremony at [[Merton Priory]], near London.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mertonpriory.org/history/2.html|title=Henry VI crowned at Merton |last=Saxby |first=David |date=March 18, 2018 |website=Merton Priory |access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref> Henry had previously been crowned in [[1429]] at Westminster at the age of seven.
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Charles VII of France|King Charles VII of France]] and his son [[Louis XI|Prince Louis]] ride into [[Paris]] for the first time in 17 years after the royal family had fled from the invasion by the Duke of Burgundy in [[1420]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kendall |first=Paul Murray |title=Louis XI: The Universal Spider |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company Inc. |date=1971 |page=46 |isbn=978-1-8421-2411-6 |author-link=Paul Murray Kendall}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; England's Privy Council votes to confirm the independent authority of King Henry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lingard |first=John |title=A History of England |date=1854 |publisher=Phillips, Sampson and Company |edition=new |volume=5 |location=Boston |page=107 |hdl=2027/miun.aba0086.0005.001 |author-link=John Lingard}}</ref>
* [[December 6]] &ndash; King Henry VI reaches the age of majority on his 16th birthday and is deemed ready to rule the Kingdom of England in his own right.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]], dies, and is succeeded by [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]].

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Sandside Chase]] in the north of Scotland: [[Clan Mackay]] defeat the [[Clan Gunn]] of [[Caithness]].
* The [[Kazan Khanate]] is established.
* [[Ulugh Beg]]'s ''[[Zij-i Sultani]]'' star catalogue is published.</onlyinclude>