Editing 1438 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Albert II of Habsburg]] is crowned as [[List of Hungarian monarchs|King of Hungary]] at [[Székesfehérvár]].Ráth, Károly, ''A magyar királyok hadjáratai, utazásai és tartózkodási helyei, nyomtatott'' ("The campaigns, travels and residences of the Hungarian kings")(Győr: Sauervein Gézánál, 1861)
* [[January 8]] &ndash; Upset at the attempted reforms at the [[Council of Basel]] in Switzerland, [[Pope Eugene IV]] convenes a rival council at [[Ferrara]] in Italy, through [[Niccolò Albergati]], the Roman Cahtolic Bishop of Bologna, with 40 prelates in attendance.<ref name=Gregorovius>Ferdinand Gregorovius, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SQ-uIjEZvB4C&pg=PA66|''History of the city of Rome in the Middle Ages.''] (London: G Bell & Sons, 1909) p.66</ref>
* [[January 9]] &ndash; The city of [[Cluj-Napoca|Cluj]] (Kolozsvár) is conquered, thus marking the end of the [[Transylvanian peasant revolt]], which started at Bobâlna.
* [[January 24]] &ndash; The [[Council of Basel]], with only 16 bishops present, votes to suspend Pope Eugene from papal authority.<ref>Stieber, Joachim W. (1978) [https://books.google.com/books?id=5R%202clxgcr4C ''Pope Eugene IV, the Council of Basel, and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire: The conflict over supreme authority and power in the Church.''] (Leiden: Brill, 1978) pp. 49–51]</ref> 
* [[February 2]] &ndash; The ''[[Unio Trium Nationum]]'' pact is established in Transylvania.
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[All Souls' College, Oxford|All Souls' College]] is founded in the [[University of Oxford]] by [[Henry Chichele]], Archbishop of Canterbury, and [[Henry VI of England]] as a graduate institution.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
* [[February 15]] &ndash; Pope Eugene issues the bull "Exposcit debitum", declaring the council at Ferrara an ecumenical council, and commanding the prelates at Basel to appear at Ferrara within a month or face [[excommunication]].<ref>Georgius Hofmann (ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=KnQKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA6 ''Epistolae pontificiae ad Concilium Florentinum spectantes''] (Rome: Pontifical Oriental Institute 1944), no. 121, pp. 6–10</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Albert II of Germany]] is approved by the electors in the Holy Roman Empire as the [[King of the Romans]], the ruler of [[Germany]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 14]] – The [[County of Holland]] declares war on several cities of the [[Hanseatic League]], triggering the [[Dutch–Hanseatic War]].<ref name=vaughan>{{cite book |last= Vaughan |date=2004 |first=Richard |title=Philip the Good |edition=reprinted new |url={{google books|H7VFJAK8LSUC|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-0-85115-917-1 |page=92}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Albert II of Germany|Albert]] becomes [[List of Bohemian monarchs|King of Bohemia]].
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[René of Anjou]], son of the late [[Louis II of Anjou|King Louis II of Valois-Anjou]] arrives in the [[Kingdom of Naples]] to take the vacant throne, reaching the Italian city ahead of King [[Alfonso V of Aragon]], who also wanted the throne.<ref>{{citation |last=Kekewich |first=Margaret L. |title=The Good King: Rene of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=32 |year=2008 }}</ref> Alfonso makes plans to lay siege to the city of [[Naples]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; Upon the death of [[Barsbay|Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy]], the [[Mamluk]] [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]], his 14 year old son [[Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf]] temporarily becomes the new monarch, under the guardianship of the regent [[Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq]], [[List of rulers of Damascus#Mamluk na'ibs|Na'ib of Damascus]].<ref name=Margoliouth>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Egypt/3 History |volume= 9 |last= Margoliouth |first= David Samuel |author-link= David Samuel Margoliouth |page=102 }}</ref>
* [[June 29]] &ndash; The coronation of [[Albert II of Habsburg|King Albrecht II. Habsburský of Bohemia]] takes place in [[Prague]].  

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Charles VII of France]] issues the ''[[Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges]]'', giving the French church control over the appointment of bishops, and depriving the [[Pope]] of French ecclesiastical revenues.<ref>W.H. Jervis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lXIaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA97 ''The Gallican Church: A History of the Church of France from the Concordat of Bologna, A.D. 1516, to the Revolution''], Volume 1 (London: John Murray, 1872), pp. 97–100.</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The reign of [[:bg:Фридрих I фон Хелфенщайн|Friedrich I von Helfenstein]] as [[House of Helfenstein|Count of Helfenstein]] (in what is now the German state of [[Baden-Württemberg]]) ends after 66 years. Friedrich and his brothers Conrad and Ulrich had become joint rulers in 1372 on the death of their father, [[:bg:Улрих XIII фон Хелфенщайн|Ulrich XIII]], but Ulrich IX and Conrad I had died in 1375 and 1402, respectively. Friedrich's three sons become the joint rulers..  
* [[September 9]] &ndash; In [[Cairo]], [[Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq]] becomes the new [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]], deposing the young Sultan [[Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf]], whom he has arrested and then deported to [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Clot |first=André |title=L'Égypte des Mamelouks 1250-1517. L'empire des esclaves |publisher=Perrin |location=Paris |language=fr |year=2009 |page=201 |isbn=978-2-262-03045-2 }}</ref>
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Afonso V of Portugal|Afonso V]] becomes [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]] upon the death of his father [[Edward, King of Portugal|King Duarte I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Marques |first=Antonio Henrique R. de Oliveira |title=History of Portugal |date=1976 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |page=131 |isbn=0-231-08353-X |edition=2nd |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofportuga1976marq}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Eric of Pomerania]], [[List of Swedish monarchs|King of Sweden]], [[King of Denmark|Denmark]] and [[King of Norway|Norway]], loses direct control of Sweden, as [[Charles VIII of Sweden|Karl Knutsson Bonde]] is elected Regent of Sweden.<ref>{{cite book|last=Harrison|first=Dick|author-link=Dick Harrison|title=Karl Knutsson: en biografi|series=Svenska regenter|year=2004|publisher=Historiska media|place=Lund|isbn=91-85057-54-1}}</ref>
* [[October 27]] &ndash; At [[Mandore]] (now part of the state of [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]), [[Ranmal|Rao Ranmal]], [[Kingdom of Marwar|King of Marwar]] is assassinated after becoming drunk during the festival of [[Diwali]], when one of his wives, Bharmali, ties him up and opens his bedroom door to admit a team of assassins.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |title=A history of Rajasthan |publisher=Rupa & Co. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |year=2006 |page=337 |isbn=9788129108906 }}</ref> Ranmal's son, [[Jodha of Mandore|Rao Jodha]], becomes the new King. 
* [[November 27]] &ndash; Following approval by the [[General Council of Scotland]], regents for King [[James II of Scotland]] give [[royal assent]] to the [[List of acts of the Parliament of Scotland from 1438|Inquisitions in Last Reign Act]], providing for the continuation of any [[inquisition]] by the Roman Catholic Church for [[heresy]] that had been started prior to the assassination of King James I.<ref>{{cite web |title=Index of Statutes: James II (1437-1460) |url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/static/statutes_jamesii.html |website=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 |publisher=University of St Andrews}}</ref> 
* [[December 8]] &ndash; In [[Ming dynasty|Ming dynasty China]], the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Emperor Yingzong]] gives the order to his General, [[Mu Sheng]], to [[Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns|go to war]] against the state of the [[Dai people]] (on the border with the Burmese Kingdom of Ava)and their ruler, King [[Möng Mao]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernquest|first=Jon|title=Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)|date=Autumn 2006 |journal=SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research |page=57 |volume=4 |issue=2|url=https://www.academia.edu/3768911 }}</ref>
* [[December 13]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Brescia (1438–1440)|siege]] of [[Brescia]] in Italy, started on September 25 by the [[condottieri]] of the [[Duchy of Milan]] troops of [[Niccolò Piccinino]] to liberate the city from its control by the [[Republic of Venice]], is raised after the arrival of [[Scaramuccia da Forlì]]. According to tradition, two Brescian martyrs from the second century, [[Faustinus and Jovita|Saint Faustino and Saint Giovita]], appear on the top of the city walls and repel the cannonballs fired at the city, and the Milanese abandon the siege.<ref>"[http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=Nicolò|Nicolò Piccinino]", by Antonio Fappani, ''Enciclopedia Bresicana''</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* According to [[John Howland Rowe|John Rowe]]'s chronology, [[Pachacuti]] becomes ruler of the [[Kingdom of Cusco]] and begins its expansion into the [[Inca Empire]] (''Tahuantinsuyu'').<ref>{{cite book|author=Julian Haynes Steward|title=Handbook of South American Indians: The Andean civilizations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gVnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA205|year=1947|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=205}}</ref>
* At 95 years of age, [[Nang Keo Phimpha]] becomes queen of [[Lan Xang]] for a few months before being deposed and killed.
* Just two years after the [[Ming dynasty]] court of [[China]] allowed landowners paying the grain tax to pay their tax in [[silver]] instead, the Ming court now decides to close all silver mines and prohibit all private silver mining in [[Zhejiang]] and [[Fujian]] provinces. This is a concerted effort to halt the increase of silver circulating into the market. The [[illegal mining]] of silver is now an offense punishable by death; although it becomes a dangerous affair, the high demand for silver also makes it very lucrative, and so many chose to defy the government and continue to mine.
* The [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] merges with the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]].</onlyinclude>