Editing 1453 (section)

== Events ==

* January – [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] forces began to mobilize in preparation for war against the [[Byzantine Empire]]. [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] sends ships to aid the defense of [[Constantinople]], the Byzantine capital.{{Sfn|Philippides|Hanak|2011|p=573}}
* March – A large cohort of English troops depart to reinforce [[Gascony]].{{Sfn|Vale|1969|pp=132–133}}
* April – [[Sayf al-Din Inal]] deposes the young Egyptian sultan [[Al-Mansur Fakhr al-Din Uthman|Al-Mansur Uthman]], who had come to power after his father's death two months prior.{{Sfn|Petry|2022|p=41}}
* [[April 6]] – The Ottoman Empire declares war against the Byzantines, beginning the [[Fall of Constantinople|Siege of Constantinople]].{{Sfn|Somel|2003|p=xxiii}}{{Sfn|Necipoğlu|2009|p=221}}
* [[April 18]] – Ottoman forces, led by Sultan [[Mehmed II]], launch their first assault against Constantinople.{{Sfn|Philippides|Hanak|2011|p=575}}
* [[May 29]] – Ottoman forces capture [[Constantinople]], destroying the [[Byzantine Empire]]—the successor state of the [[Roman Empire]].{{Sfn|Philippides|Hanak|2011|p=|pp=577–578}}
* [[June 14]] – [[Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua|Ludovico Gonzaga of Mantua]] defends the city against [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] forces led by his brother [[Carlo Gonzaga of Milan|Carlo]].{{sfn|Swain|1989|p=443}}
* [[July 9]] – The [[Giant Bible of Mainz]] is completed.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Crump |first=Francis J. |date=1952 |title=The Gutenberg Bible |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43720372 |journal=[[The Catholic Biblical Quarterly]] |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=216–217 |jstor=43720372}}</ref>
* [[July 17]] – The French destroy the English army at the [[Battle of Castillon]].{{Sfn|Vale|1969|pp=132–133}}
* [[July 23]] – The [[Burgundian State|Burgundian]] army led by Duke [[Philip the Good]] defeats the rebel forces of [[Ghent]] at the [[Battle of Gavere]]{{Sfn|Vaughan|1970|pp=328–332}}
* August – French forces led by [[René of Anjou]] arrive in the [[Piedmont]], seeking to assist [[Duchy of Milan|Milan]] and [[Republic of Florence|Florence]] against Venice.{{Sfn|Ilardi|1959|pp=139–140}}
* [[September 30]] – [[Pope Nicholas V]] issues a [[crusading bull]] against the Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Hardy|2024|p=6}}
* [[October 20]] – The last English holdouts in Gascony (including [[Bordeaux]]) surrender to France, ending the [[Hundred Years' War]].{{Sfn|Vale|1969|pp=132–133}}
* December – An exceptionally cold winter leads to heavy snows across [[China]], with many deaths reported in the [[Huai River]] valley.{{Sfn|Twitchett|1988|p=336}}