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== Events == === January–March === * [[January 24]] – [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian, King of the Romans]], requests permission to march to Rome through Venetian territory, but is denied and begins his ''[[Italienzug]]''. * [[February 2]] – During the [[Glinski rebellion]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuanian]] noble [[Michael Glinski|Mykolas Glinskis]] attacks [[Grodno]] (now in [[Belarus]]) and decapitates [[Jan Zabrzeziński]], the top ally of [[Alexander I Jagiellon|Grand Duke Alexander]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jankowski |first1=Czesław |title=Powiat oszmiański: materjały do dziejów ziemi i ludzi |date=1897 |publisher=Ksiȩg. K. Grendyszyńskiego |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6c4MAAAAYAAJ&dq=Micha%C5%82+Gli%C5%84ski+Jan+Zabrzezi%C5%84ski+Grodno+%222+lutego+1508%22&pg=PA9 |access-date=8 July 2023 |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Reddaway |first1=W.F. |last2=Penson |first2=J.H. |last3=Halecki |first3=O. |last4=Dyboski |first4=R. |title=The Cambridge History of Poland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-001-28802-4 |page=301 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N883AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA301 |access-date=8 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> * [[February 4]] – [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian]], King of the Romans, proclaims himself [[Holy Roman Emperor]] at the Italian city of [[Trento]], after having been blocked by Venice from traveling to Rome to be crowned by [[Pope Julius II]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hollegger |first1=Manfred |title=Maximilian I.: Herrscher und Mensch einer Zeitenwende |date=22 September 2005 |publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag |isbn=978-3-17-023247-1 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ip4DwAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9E4.+Februar+1508%E2%80%9C+Maximilian,+Heiliges+R%C3%B6misches+Reich,+Trient&pg=PA189 |access-date=8 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DeVries |first1=Kelly |last2=Rogers |first2=Clifford J. |last3=France |first3=John |title=Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume XX |date=21 June 2022 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-78327-718-6 |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dj52EAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> * [[February 20]] – [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], attacks the [[Republic of Venice]] and sack Ampezzo the next day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mead Skjelver |first1=Daniel |title=Maximilian I Holy Roman emperor |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilian-I-Holy-Roman-emperor |website=Encyclopedias Britannica |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> * [[February 28]] – [[Louis V, Elector Palatine|Louis V]] becomes the new [[prince elector]] of the Palatinate upon the death of his father, [[Philip, Elector Palatine|Philip]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frensdorff |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Lexer |first2=Matthias |last3=Roth |first3=Friedrich |title=Die chroniken der schwäbischen städte. Augsburg |date=1894 |publisher=S. Hirzel |page=457 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLayJFUkv6IC&dq=Kurf%C3%BCrst+von+der+Pfalz+ludwig+v+%E2%80%9E28.+Februar+1508%E2%80%9C&pg=PA457 |access-date=8 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref> * [[March 2]] – The Republic of Venice defeats Maximilian I in the [[Battle of Cadore]]. * [[March 5]] – ''La Cassaria'' by [[Ludovico Ariosto]], the first [[Italian language]] comedy, is premiered at [[Ferrara]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Borsellino |first1=Nino |last2=Aurigemma |first2=Marcello |title=La Letteratura italiana: Cinquecento dal Rinascimento alla controriforma |date=1970 |publisher=Laterza |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiRdAAAAMAAJ&q=La%20Cassaria%20Ludovico%20Ariosto%20ferrara%20%225%20marzo%201508%22 |access-date=8 July 2023 |language=it}}</ref> * [[March 13]] – The oldest annual [[foot race]] in Europe, the "Red Hose Race", is run for the first time, taking place in [[Scotland]] at [[Carnwath]], [[Lanarkshire]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Martin |title=Curious Customs: A Guide to Local Customs and Festivals Throughout the British Isles |date=1993 |publisher=Impact Books |isbn=978-1-874687-19-1 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDXgAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2213%20march%201508%22 |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://clan-lockhart.org/history/ |website=Clan Lockhart Society |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref> * [[March 18]] – [[William IV, Duke of Bavaria|Wilhelm IV]] becomes the new [[Duke of Bavaria]] upon the death of his father, [[Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria|Albrecht IV]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sattler |first1=Maximilian V. |title=Lehrbuch der bayerischen Geschichte|date=1868 |publisher=Lindauer |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk5BAAAAcAAJ&dq=wilhelm+iv+%2218.+M%C3%A4rz+1508%22&pg=PA213 |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref> * [[March 22]] **Working from the house of Piero di Braccio Martelli at [[Florence]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]] begins writing his "[[Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci#Publication|collection without order]]" of his scientific discoveries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=da Vinci |first1=Leonardo |last2=MacCurdy |first2=Edward |title=The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci |date=1955 |publisher=Braziller |location=New York |page=58 |url=https://archive.org/details/noteboo00leon/page/58/mode/2up?q=1508 |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref> **[[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] appoints Florentine merchant [[Amerigo Vespucci]] to the post of Chief Navigator of Spain.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arciniegas |first1=Germán |last2=Pforzheimer |first2=Carl Howard |title=Amerigo and the New World : the life & times of Amerigo Vespucci |date=1955 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |page=273 |url=https://archive.org/details/amerigonewworld00arci/page/272/mode/2up?q=march |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref> === April–June === * [[April 23]] – Prince [[Mihnea cel Rău]], son of [[Vlad the Impaler]], becomes the [[List of princes of Wallachia|Voivode]] of [[Wallachia]], with a palace at [[Târgoviște]] (now in Romania), upon the death of his cousin [[Radu IV the Great]]. * [[May 8]] – Italian renaissance artist [[Michelangelo|Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni]] of [[Florence]] signs a contract with the Vatican to paint the [[Sistine Chapel ceiling]], in return for a promised fee of 3,000 gold [[ducat]]s (equivalent in 2023 to more than U.S. $600,000).<ref>Yvonne Paris, ''Michelangelo: 1475–1564'' (Parragon, 2009)</ref> * [[June 4]] – The coronation of [[Louis II of Hungary|Prince Lajos]] as the designated successor to his father, [[Vladislaus II of Hungary|King Vladislaus II]] of [[Hungary]], takes place in [[Székesfehérvár]]. * [[June 6]] – Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I signs a humiliating armistice with the Republic of Venice, which for the moment stops any of his further plans for Italy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rubinstein |first1=Nicolai |title=Firenze e il problema della politica imperiale in Italia al tempo di Massimiliano I |journal=Archivio Storico Italiano |date=1958 |volume=116 |issue=1 (417) |pages=5–35 |jstor=26250402 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26250402 |access-date=9 July 2023 |issn=0391-7770}}</ref> === July–September === * [[July 23]] – Upon the death of his father, King Oxlahuh-Tz'i, Hun-Iqʼ becomes one of the two kings of [[Guatemala]]'s [[Kaqchikel people|Kaqchikel]] [[Maya peoples|Maya]] civilization. Hun-Iqʼ reigns jointly with King Kablahuh-Tihax until the latter's death on February 4.<ref>Linda Schele and Peter Mathews, ''The Code of Kings: The Language of Seven Maya Temples and Tombs'' (Simon & Schuster, 1999) p.297</ref> * [[July 27]] – The process of removing the former layers of paint on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is completed, and [[Michelangelo]] begins the next phase of marking the surface for painting.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pfisterer |first1=Ulrich |title=The Sistine Chapel: Paradise in Rome |date=2018 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-553-2 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnFlDwAAQBAJ&q=%2227%20july%22 |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> * [[July 31]] – The [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], [[Na'od]], dies in battle.<ref name="NA" /> His son Lebna Dengel takes on the regnal name of [[Dawit II]], and becomes the new emperor starting on August 11.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=William |title=Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired Since the Year 1847 |date=1877 |publisher=British Museum |page=vii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmRvmDoKPcAC&dq=dawit+13+august+1508&pg=PR7 |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> * [[August 12]] – The Spanish settlement of [[Puerto Rico]] begins when [[Juan Ponce de León]] lands on the island.<ref>{{cite book |title=Puerto Rico, U.S.A. |date=1980 |publisher=Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4JdtAAAAMAAJ&dq=caparra+%22august+12+1508%22&pg=PA25 |access-date=10 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Upon his arrival, Ponce is welcomed by [[Agüeybaná I]], the island's leader a [[Cacique]] of the [[Taíno]] people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Altman |first1=Ida |last2=Wheat |first2=David |title=The Spanish Caribbean and the Atlantic World in the Long Sixteenth Century |date=1 June 2019 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-9957-3 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRGQDwAAQBAJ&dq=welcomed+Ag%C3%BCeyban%C3%A1+I+Juan+Ponce+de+Le%C3%B3n&pg=PA27 |access-date=10 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The Spanish explorer soon settles and founds the city of [[Caparra Archaeological Site|Caparra]], near what is now the town of [[Guaynabo, Puerto Rico|Guaynabo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Caparra Archeological Site |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/american_latino_heritage/caparra_archeological_site.html |website=www.nps.gov |access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> * [[September 11]] – England is left without a Roman Catholic [[Cardinal protector of England|Cardinal protector]] when Cardinal [[Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere]] dies suddenly.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilkie |first1=William E. |title=The Cardinal Protectors of England: Rome and the Tudors Before the Reformation |date=11 July 1974 |page=35|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-20332-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=viA9AAAAIAAJ&dq=Galeotto+Franciotti+della+Rovere+Cardinal+protector+%2211+september+1508%22&pg=PA35 |access-date=10 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> England's [[Henry VII of England|King Henry VII]] dies seven months later before the monarchy and the Pope can agree on a new cardinal protector. The King's successor, [[Henry VIII]], later abolishes the office entirely after [[Lorenzo Campeggio]] dies in the course of the [[English Reformation]] and the creation of the [[Church of England]]. === October–December === * [[October 8]] – An inconclusive peace treaty is signed to end the third of the [[Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars]].<ref>Rimvydas Petrauskas and Jūratė Kiaupienė, ''Lietuvos istorija. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė'' (''The History of Lithuania, New Horizons: Dynasty, Unification, State'') (Baltos Lankos, 2009), p. 466</ref> * [[October 24]] – King [[Louis XII of France]] convenes court at the [[Parlement de Normandie]] building in [[Rouen]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salet |first1=Francis |title=Le Palais de Justice de Rouen. Ouvrage collectif publié par les soins du Ministère de la Justice et du département de la Seine-Maritime |journal=Bulletin Monumental |date=1980 |volume=138 |issue=1 |pages=107–108 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmo_0007-473x_1980_num_138_1_5889_t1_0107_0000_2 |access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> * [[November 1]] – At the age of 16, [[Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen|Prince Wolfgang]] of the [[House of Ascania]] becomes the new ruler of the German principality of [[Anhalt-Köthen]], succeeding his father Waldemar VI. In 1521, he will meet [[Martin Luther]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Große |first1=W. |title=Fürst Wolfgang der Standhafte von Anhalt: Geschichtsbild zur 300jährigen Gedächtnisfeier des Augsburger Religionsfriedens |date=1855 |publisher=Baumgarten |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWwAAAAAcAAJ&q=1521+luther |access-date=10 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref> and, in 1525, will introduce the [[Reformation]] to his principality, making Anhalt-Köthen only the second nation (after the [[Electorate of Saxony]]) to officially adopt [[Protestantism]]. * [[November 29]] – Astronomer [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Mikołaj Kopernik]] of Poland is granted benefits by [[Pope Julius II]] in order to perform his work.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gassendi |first1=Pierre |last2=Thill |first2=Olivier |title=The Life of Copernicus (1473-1543): The Man who Did Not Change the World |date=2002 |publisher=Xulon Press |isbn=978-1-59160-193-7 |pages=52–53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9r0RfQtpU6AC&q=1508&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> * [[December 10]] – The [[League of Cambrai]] is formed as an alliance against the [[Republic of Venice]], between [[Pope Julius II]], [[Louis XII of France]], [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Duncan Mackie|title=The Earlier Tudors, 1485-1558|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPPjvveNsTQC&pg=PA155|date=31 December 1952|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-821706-0|pages=155}}</ref> * [[December 29]] – [[Battle of Dabul]]: Portuguese forces, under the command of [[Francisco de Almeida]], attack [[Khambhat]]. * [[December]] – [[Michelangelo]] begins painting the [[Sistine Chapel ceiling]] in the [[Holy See]] of Rome, on a commission by [[Pope Julius II]] (signed May 10).<ref>{{cite book|author=Leo Steinberg|title=Michelangelo's Painting: Selected Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lR2jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=31 December 2019|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48243-9|pages=3368}}</ref>
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