Editing 1511 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 19]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Mirandola (1511)|Siege of Mirandola]] by the [[Papal States]], with help from the [[Duchy of Urbino]] and Spanish and Venetian troops, ends with the capture of Mirandola after 18 days of fighting. The Pope personally leads the troops and, after the outnumbered defenders surrender, works at preventing his troops from pillaging the city or harming the residents.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Creighton |first1=Mandell |title=A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome, Volume 5 |date=1911 |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company |page=144 |isbn=978-0-8370-7781-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2DUXAAAAYAAJ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730152242/https://books.google.com/books?id=2DUXAAAAYAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Henry VIII|King Henry VIII of England]] opens the two-day [[The Westminster Tournament Challenge|Westminster Tournament]] to celebrate the birth (on January 1) of his son [[Henry, Duke of Cornwall|Prince Henry]]. Sadly, the infant prince dies on February 22, nine days after the tournament's end.<ref>{{cite book |first=Henry |last=Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924027958713/page/518/mode/2up |title=Hall's Chronicle |location=London |year=1809 |page=518}}</ref> The festivities are later memorialized in the ''[[1511 Westminster Tournament Roll]]'', a series of 36 separately painted pictures stitched together to form a roll almost {{convert|60|ft}} long and 14{{frac|3|4}} inches (37.5 cm) wide.
* [[February 14]] &ndash; The [[League of Cambrai]], formed in [[1508]] by the [[Papal States]], the [[Kingdom of France]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] is dissolved as Spain and the Holy Roman Empire withdraw and ally against France.
* [[February 22]] &ndash; (9th waning of [[Tabaung]] [[Burmese calendar|872 ME]] In what is now [[Myanmar]], [[Shwenankyawshin|King Shwenankyawshin Narapati II]] of [[Inwa|Ava]] dedicates his "exquisite golden palace".<ref>{{cite journal |author=Khin Khin Aye |title=Inscription record of Shwenankyawshin Narapati's Ava Palace construction |journal=Myanmar Vista Research Magazine |date=January 2007 |page=61 |language=my |location=Yangon}}</ref>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; In Italy, on "[[Fat Thursday]]", a Christian celebration marking the last days of feasting before the period of fasting during the Roman Catholic [[Lent]], discontented citizens of [[Patria del Friuli|Friuli]] stage a revolt against their [[Venetian Republic|Venetian]] occupiers and attack the city of [[Udine]] and invade the palaces of several members of nobility, murdering the wealthy families and plundering the palace contents. Special troops arrive from [[Gradisca d'Isonzo]] on March 1 and suppress the rebellion.{<ref>{{cite book|title = Mad Blood Stirring: Vendetta and Factions in Friuli During the Renaissance |last =Muir |first=Edward Wallace Jr. |author-link=Edward Wallace Muir Jr. |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |year=1998 |pages=94–96 |isbn=978-0-8018-5849-9}}</ref> 
* [[March 11]] &ndash; On the island of [[Puerto Rico]], Spanish conquistador [[Juan Ponce de León]] leads an incursion at [[Yahuecas, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico|Yahuecas]] against the local [[Taino]] warriors, commanded by Chief [[Urayoán]].<ref name="Badillo203">{{cite book |last=Badillo |first=Jalil Sued |date=2008 |title=Agüeybana El Bravo: La recuperación de un símbolo |trans-title=Agüeybana El Bravo: Recovery of a symbol |language=es |publisher=Ediciones Puerto |isbn=9781934461181 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJwMAQAAMAAJ |page=203}}</ref>  
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[1511 Idrija earthquake|A 6.9 magnitude earthquake]] strikes Slovenia and Italy and kills more than 10,000 people, striking with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme'').<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Anno Domini - On the 500th anniversary of the largest earthquake in Slovenia |url=https://www.tol-muzej.si/files/Anno_Domini_1511.pdf |access-date=May 1, 2024 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707085628/http://www.tol-muzej.si/files/Anno_Domini_1511.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The epicenter is around the town of [[Idrija]] in present-day [[Slovenia]], although some place it some 15-20 kilometers to the west, between [[Gemona]] and [[Pulfero]] in [[Friulian Slovenia]]. The earthquake affects a large territory between [[Carinthia]], [[Friuli]], present-day [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 9]] 
**[[St John's College, Cambridge]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], founded by [[Lady Margaret Beaufort]], receives its charter.<ref>{{cite book|first=Louis Thomas |last=Stanley|title=Cambridge, City of Dreams|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypBnAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Planet Books|isbn=978-1-85227-030-8|page=75}}</ref>
**The [[Şahkulu Rebellion]] breaks out in Anatolia. 
* [[May 16]] &ndash; Five Roman Catholic cardinals, including [[Federico di Sanseverino]], sign a document calling upon [[Pope Julius II]] to convene a council in [[Pisa]] to discuss reform of the Roman Catholic Church, to take place on September 1. After the Pope threatens him with excommunication, Sanseverino elects not to attend.<ref>Claudio Rendina, ''I papi'', Roma, Ed. Newton Compton, 1990 p.610</ref>  
* [[May 23]] &ndash; French troops capture the Italian city of [[Bologna]] after a two-day battle.<ref>{{Cite CE1913 |wstitle=Pope Julius II |first=Michael |last=Ott |volume=VIII |year=1910 |page=563}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Kenneth M. |last=Setton |title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571) |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1976 |page=93}}</ref> 
* [[June 21]] &ndash; in Spain, Queen [[Joanna of Castile|Queen Joanna]] of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] creates the [[Consulate of the Sea]] for the [[port of Bilbao]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Tusell Gómez |first=Javier | title=Bilbao a través de su Historia |year=2004 |location=Bilbao | isbn=84-95163-91-8| page=26| ref=tus04 |editor7=Fundación BBVA}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; The [[Şahkulu rebellion]], which had started in [[Anatolia]] by [[Şahkulu|Sakhulu Baba]], against the [[Ottoman Empire]] on April 9, is supressed in southeastern Turkey by the Ottoman Grand Vizier, [[Hadım Ali Pasha]] and [[Şehzade Ahmed (son of Bayezid II)|Prince Şehzade Ahmed]], son of the Sultan [[Bayezid II]]. Sakhulu is subsequently beheaded.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius II]] summons Catholic clerics to meet at the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]], directing them to meet on April 19.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kraus |first1=Franz X. |chapter=Medicean Rome |editor1-last=Ward |editor1-first=Adolphus W. |editor2-last=Prothero |editor2-first=George W. |editor3-last=Leathes |editor3-first=Stanley Mordaunt |display-editors=1 |title=The Cambridge Modern History |location=New York; London|publisher=Macmillan|oclc=609661773|year=1907|orig-year=1904|volume=2|pages=29–30 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5_tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1}}</ref> 
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] of Portugal, Governor of Portuguese India, [[Capture of Malacca (1511)|begins an assault]] on the strategic city of [[Malacca]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and captures it by August 15. 
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Henry VIII of England]]'s [[flagship]], the ''[[Mary Rose]]'', is launched from [[Portsmouth]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marsden |first1=Peter |title=Sealed by Time: The Loss and Recovery of the Mary Rose |date=2003 |publisher=Mary Rose Trust |isbn=978-0-9544029-0-7 |pages=2–3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZ7fAAAAMAAJ |access-date=12 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 14]] &ndash; In Rome, the completed first half of [[Michelangelo]]'s painting of Biblical scenes on the [[Sistine Chapel ceiling]] is unveiled for a select group of patrons and church officials.<ref>{{cite book|last=Goldscheider|first=Ludwig|author-link=Ludwig Goldscheider|edition=6th|year=1996|orig-year=1953|title=Michelangelo: Paintings, Sculpture, Architecture|publisher=[[Phaidon Press|Phaidon]]|url=https://archive.org/details/michelangelopain0000gold/page/n16/|isbn=978-0-7148-3296-8|pages=16–20}}</ref> The viewing is open to the public the next day.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; (21 Jumada I [[Islamic calendar|917 AH]]) [[Capture of Malacca (1511)|Capture of Malacca]]: [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] of Portugal conquers [[Malacca]], the capital of the [[Sultanate of Malacca]], giving Portugal control over the [[Strait of Malacca]], through which all sea-going trade between China and India is concentrated. The Sultanate then establishes rule from [[Johor]], starting decades of skirmishes against the Portuguese to regain the fallen city. While taking the city, the Portuguese slaughter a large community of [[Ming dynasty|Chinese]] merchants living there.<ref>Mentioned by Zhang Xie writing a century later.</ref> Malacca is the first city in [[Southeast Asia]] to be taken by a Western nation, gaining home rule only in [[1957]], when it becomes part of [[Malaysia]].
* [[September 13]] &ndash; In [[Japan]], [[Tokudaiji Saneatsu]] retires from his position as [[Daijō-daijin|Chancellor of the Realm]] (''Daijō-daijin'') after two years of leading the [[Daijō-kan|Council of State]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; During the [[War of the League of Cambrai]] [[Pope Julius II]] proclaims a Holy League against French dominance in Italy. It is an alliance between the Papal States, the Swiss Confederation, Venice (which had been the opponent of the League of Cambrai) and Aragon. Emperor Maximilian and the English king Henry VIII join the League soon after. 
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[James IV of Scotland]]'s [[great ship]], the ''[[Great Michael|Michael]]'', is launched at [[Newhaven, Edinburgh]]; she is the largest ship afloat at this date.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oliver|first=Neil|author-link=Neil Oliver|title=A History of Scotland|date=January 4, 2011|page=191|publisher=Orion Publishing |isbn=978-0-7538-2663-8}}</ref>
* [[November 17]] &ndash; The [[War of the League of Cambrai|Treaty of Westminster]] creates an alliance between [[Henry VIII of England]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] against [[Kingdom of France|France]].<ref>Baumgartner, Frederic J. ''Louis XII'' (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996) p.219 {{ISBN|0-312-12072-9}}.</ref> Mallett and Shaw, ''The Italian Wars'', 103; Hutchinson, ''Young Henry'', 159.
* [[November 20]] &ndash; The vessel ''[[Frol de la Mar]]'', transporting [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] and the valuable treasure of the conquest of [[Malacca]], sinks ''en route'' to [[Goa]].
* [[November 23]] &ndash; In India, [[Mahmud Begada|Mahmud Shah Begada]], [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]] since [[1458]], dies at the age of 66 after a reign of more than 50 years. He is succeeded by his eldest son, Prince Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar, who takes the name [[Muzaffar Shah II]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=James Macnabb Campbell|editor-link=James Macnabb Campbell|title=History of Gujarát|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm|series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|volume=I. Part II.|year=1896|publisher=The Government Central Press|pages=251–254|chapter=II. Ahmedabad Kings (A.D. 1403–1573.)}}</ref> 
* [[December 21]] &ndash; In an impassioned sermon on the fourth Sunday of [[Advent]] at [[Santo Domingo]], Dominican friar [[Antonio de Montesinos]] openly denounces the Spanish conquistadors' cruelty and abuse of the [[Taino]] people practice of ''[[Encomienda]]'' (forcible enslavement of non-Christian peoples) on the island of [[Hispanola]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Hugh |title=Rivers of Gold |date=2003 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=0375502041 |pages=294}}</ref> and adds that neither he nor any of his missionaries will allow slaveholders to partake in [[confession (religion)|confession]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/antonio-de-montesinos-2136370|title=Biography of Antonio de Montesinos, Defender of Indigenous Rights|last=Ph. D.|first=Spanish|last2=M. A.|first2=Spanish|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2020-02-19|last3=B. A.|first3=Spanish}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar|Diego Velázquez]] and [[Hernán Cortés]] conquer [[Cuba]]; Velázquez is appointed Governor.
* [[Duarte Barbosa]] arrives in India for the second time. He works as [[clerk (position)|clerk]] in the factory of [[Cananor]], and as the liaison with the Indian [[raja]]h.
* After the fall of [[Malacca]], [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] sends [[Duarte Fernandes]] on a diplomatic mission to Burma and Siam, becoming the first European to visit these countries diplomatically.
* [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] observes that "one black can do the work of four Indians".
* [[Juan de Agramonte]], a sailor from [[Spanish Empire|Spain]], is thought possibly to have travelled to [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].
* The indigenous [[Taíno]] people revolt against the Spanish in southwestern [[Puerto Rico]] near [[Guánica, Puerto Rico|Guánica]].
* The first black [[Slavery|slaves]] arrive in [[Colombia]].
* The [[Spanish conquest of Yucatán]] begins.
* [[Erasmus]] publishes his most famous work, ''[[The Praise of Folly]]'' (''Laus stultitiae'').<ref>{{cite book|author=John Cruickshank|title=French Literature and Its Background: The sixteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Te0oAAAAYAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Oxford U.P.|isbn=978-0-19-285043-0|page=207|language=en}}</ref>
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