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== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 1]] – [[Ulrich Zwingli]] preaches for the first time, as people's priest of the Great Minister in [[Zurich]]. * [[January 12]] – [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], dies at the age of 59 after a reign of slightly less than 11 years.<ref>Brady, Thomas A. Jr. (2009) ''German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650'' (Cambridge University Press, 2009) p.127 ISBN 978-0-521-88909-4</ref> An imperial election by the leaders of the various member states of the Empire is scheduled for June 28. * [[February 10]] – The Spanish conquistador [[Hernán Cortés]] and his conquistadores depart from Cuba toward the island of [[Cozumel]] in [[Mexico]] to begin a mission of conquest. * [[February 18]] – Because of the large population of Jews included converts to Christianity ("[[New Christian]]s") in the colony of [[Portuguese India]] at [[Goa]], [[King Manuel I]] of Portugal announces that there will be no further appointment of New Christians to government offices, but affirms that those already in office are not to be dismissed<ref>.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eG8xUFivagkC&pg=PA348 |title=The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765 |author=António José Saraiva |publisher=BRILL Academic |year=2001 |isbn=90-04-12080-7|page=348}}</ref> * [[March 4]] – [[Hernán Cortés]] and his conquistadores land in Mexico.<ref>''Letters of Cortes: The Five Letters of Relation from Fernando Cortes to the Emperor Charles V'', ed. by Francis A. McNutt (The Knickerbocker Press, 1908) p.25</ref> === April–June === * [[April 21]] (Maundy Thursday) – [[Hernán Cortés]] reaches [[San Juan de Ulúa]], and sets foot the next day (Good Friday) on the beach of modern-day [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-verdadera-de-la-conquista-de-la-nueva-espana-tomo-i--0/html/481f665e-69c1-4064-9d6a-6333c5711ecc_150.htm|title=Historia Verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España|first=Bernal|last=Díaz del Castillo|chapter=Chapter 38}}</ref> * [[May 4]] – [[Pope Clement VII|Giulio de' Medici]], who will later become [[Pope Clement VII]] becomes the [[Duke of the Florentine Republic]] upon the death of his father, [[Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Clement VII |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Volume 5| year=1905 |publisher=The Werner Company |location=Akron, Ohio |id=05015678}}</ref> * [[June 27]] – The [[Leipzig Debate]] begins at the [[Pleissenburg]] lecture hall in the German city of [[Leipzig]] in Saxony, as [[Martin Luther]] defends his ideas on the Protestant [[Reformation]] against challenges by [[Johann Eck]], the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement.<ref>{{citation |last= Kittelson |first=James |title= Luther the Reformer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GJHYAAAAMAAJ |access-date= 2012-11-18 |year= 1986 |publisher= Augsburg Publishing House |location= Minneapolis |pages=111–112 |isbn= 978-0-80662240-8}}</ref> While there, he is challenged to a theological debate by [[Johann Eck]], the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement. The debate lasts until July 15 and gains new followers to Luther's theology. * [[June 28]] – [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|King Carlos I of Spain]] is elected as the new [[Holy Roman Emperor]] and takes the regnal name of Charles V. He will reign until [[1556]]). === July–September === * [[July 4]] – [[Martin Luther]] joins the [[Leipzig Debate|debate]] regarding papal authority, against [[Johann Eck]] at [[Leipzig]]. * [[July 10]] – The [[Prince of Ning rebellion]] begins, after [[Zhu Chenhao]] declares the [[Ming dynasty]]'s [[Zhengde Emperor]] a usurper, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture [[Nanjing]]. * [[July 26]] – King Charles of Spain issues a royal order prohibiting navigator [[Rui Faleiro]] from participating in the [[Magellan expedition]], after Portugal's ambassador to Spain reports that Faleiro is suffering from a [[nervous breakdown]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Bergreen |first=Laurence |author-link=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe |publisher=William Morrow |year=2003 |page=53 |isbn=978-0-06-093638-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg }}</ref> * [[August 10]] – The [[Magellan expedition]] departs from [[Seville]] in [[Spain]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Spice Islands (Moluccas): 250 Years of Maps (1521–1760) |url=https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/spice-islands/spice-islands-maps.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315154042/https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/spice-islands/spice-islands-maps.html |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=library.princeton.edu |publisher=[[Princeton University Library]]}}</ref> * [[August 15]] – [[Panama City]] is founded by Spanish conquistador [[Pedro Arias Dávila]].<ref>{{cite book|access-date=March 20, 2011 |title=Pedrarias Dávila Escrito por María del Carmen Mena García. |date=1992 |publisher=Universidad de Sevilla |isbn=978-84-7405-834-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9qselEBMysC&dq=Panam%C3%A1+primera+ciudad+del+pac%C3%ADfico&pg=PA117}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> * [[August 20]] – [[Ming Dynasty]] Chinese philosopher and general [[Wang Yangming]], governor of [[Jiangxi]], defeats [[Zhu Chenhao]], ending the [[Prince of Ning rebellion]]. Wang has expressed the intention of using ''fo–lang–ji'' cannons in suppressing the rebellion, probably the earliest reference in China to the [[breech-loading weapon|breech-loading]] Frankish [[culverin]]. * [[September 20]] – [[Ferdinand Magellan]] departs from Spain with a fleet of five ships and a crew of 270 men, to sail westbound to the [[Maluku Islands|Spice Islands]]. === October–December === * [[October 12]] – [[Hernán Cortés]] and his men, accompanied by 3,000 [[Tlaxcalans]], enter [[Cholula (Mesoamerican site)|Cholula]]. * [[November 8]] – [[Hernán Cortés]] enters [[Tenochtitlan]], capital of the Aztec Empire, and appears at the court of [[Aztec]] ruler [[Moctezuma II]].<ref>Hassig, Ross. ''Mexico and the Spanish Conquest''. Longman Group UK Limited, 1994, pp. 82, 86</ref> * [[December 6]] – The [[Magellan expedition]] reaches the South American coast.<ref>{{cite web|title=The European Voyages of Exploration: Ferdinand Magellan |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/magellan.html |publisher=University of Calgary |year=1997 |access-date=July 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917033900/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/magellan.html |archive-date=September 17, 2008 }}</ref> * [[December 11]] – At [[Toruń]], the members of the [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]] vote to approve a war against the [[Teutonic Knights]] and to assess new taxes to recruit mercenary troops.<ref>Marian Biskup, ''Wojna pruska, czyli walka zbrojna Polski z Zakonem Krzyżackim z lat 1519–1521'' (The Prussian War, or the armed struggle of Poland against the Teutonic Order in the years 1519–1521), Olsztyn, 1991</ref> === Date unknown === * The first civil revolt in [[Anatolia]] takes place, led by Alevi preacher Celâl. * The Spanish invade [[Barbados]]. * Spanish [[conquistador]] and founder of Panama City, [[Gaspar de Espinosa]], sails up the Pacific coast from Panama to [[Nicaragua]], landing at the [[Gulf of Nicoya]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stanislawski|first=Dan|year=1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kjW1E6ljU4C|title=The Transformation of Nicaragua 1519–1548|series=Ibero-Americana|volume=54|location=Berkeley; Los Angeles|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-09680-0}}</ref> * [[Havana]] moves from the southern to the northern part of [[Cuba]]. * A large [[pandemic]] spreads from the [[Greater Antilles]] into Central America, and perhaps as far as [[Peru]] in South America. This widespread [[epidemic]] kills off much of the indigenous populations in these areas (the first widely documented epidemic in the [[New World]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Alfred W.|last=Crosby, Jr.|title=The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492}}</ref> * Central Mexico Amerindians' population reaches 25.3 million. * The [[Mexican Indian Wars]] begin. * [[Cocoa bean|Cacao]] comes to Europe. * [[St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn]] is completed in [[Estonia]]. * The first recorded fatal accident involving a gun in England is recorded at [[Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire]].</onlyinclude>
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