Editing 1570 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Ivan the Terrible]] begins the [[Massacre of Novgorod]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rt4_AQAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=F. Jefferies|page=174}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The [[assassination]] of Scottish regent [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray]], by [[James Hamilton (assassin)|James Hamilton]], the first known shooting of a national leader, throws Scotland into [[civil war]]. Having loaded a carbine rifle and carried it into the [[Linlithgow]] home of his uncle, the [[John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews)|Archbishop of St Andrews]], Hamilton stands at an upstairs window overlooking the street where Moray will ride by on horseback as part of cavalcade. Once Moray comes into range, Hamilton fires and fatally wounds the regent for King James VI.<ref>"Stewart, James, first earl of Moray (1531/2–1570)", by Mark Loughlin, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press, 2004) accessed January 24, 2011</ref>
* [[February 8]] &ndash; An [[1570 Concepción earthquake|estimated 8.3 magnitude earthquake]] occurs in [[Concepción, Chile]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GHEA - Global Historical Earthquake Archive |url=https://www.emidius.eu/GEH/map.php |website=www.emidius.eu |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Venus]] [[occultation|occults]] [[Jupiter]]; this will next happen in [[1818]].<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Mutual Planetary Occultations 2BC to 2250 |url=https://www.bogan.ca/astro/occultations/occltlst.htm |website=www.bogan.ca |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] &ndash; The ambassador of the Ottoman Sultan [[Selim II]] goes before the governing Council of the [[Venetian Republic]] and requests that Venice surrender the island of [[Cyprus]].<ref>{{Cite book| last=Finkel | first=Caroline | title=Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923 | publisher=John Murray | page=160 |location=London | year=2006 }}</ref> The Council rejects the demand and [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)|prepares to go to war]] with the Ottoman Empire.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 7]] &ndash; In Scotland, [[Colin Campbell of Glenorchy]] receives permission from the Regent, the [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton|Earl of Morton]], to execute the chief of [[Clan Gregor]], his son-in-law Gregor Roy MacGregor,<ref>{{cite web |title=Clan Campbell |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/divinity/research/resources/breadalbane/historical-background/clan-campbell |website=The University of Edinburgh |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=en |date=25 July 2023}}</ref> and carries out MacGregor's beheading at Balloch in front of the [[John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl|Earl of Atholl]].
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius V]] excommunicates Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], and all persons who show allegiance to her, with the bull ''[[Regnans in Excelsis]]''.<ref>Sidney Z. Ehler, ''Church and State Through the Centuries'', (Biblo-Moser, 1988) p.180</ref> 
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Abraham Ortelius]] publishes the first modern [[atlas]], ''[[Theatrum Orbis Terrarum]]'', in [[Antwerp]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Marijke Donkersloot-de Vrij|author2=Y. Marijke Donkersloot-De Vrij|title=The World on Paper: A Descriptive Catalogue of Cartographical Material Published in Amsterdam During the Seventeenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxkiCv0_X2EC|year=1967|publisher=Theatrum Orbis Terrarum|page=27|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Manila (1570)|Battle of Manila]]: The Spanish, led by [[Martín de Goiti]], defeat the forces of [[Rajah Sulayman|Raja Sulayman]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Lorelei D. C. De Viana|title=Three Centuries of Binondo Architecture, 1594-1898: A Socio-historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-HVAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=University of Santo Tomas Publishing House|isbn=978-971-506-169-8|page=6}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Livonia]] is established.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madariaga |first1=Isabel de |title=Ivan the Terrible |date=25 September 2006 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-11973-2 |page=254 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdFVn1v3FMUC&q=%22livonian%20citizens%22 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–73)#Ottoman conquest of Cyprus|Ottoman conquest of Cyprus]] begins as more than 350 Ottoman ships and over 60,000 troops land near [[Larnaca]] and then march toward the Cypriot capital, [[Nicosia]].<ref name=Turnbull>{{Cite book| last=Turnbull | first=Stephen | title=The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699 (Essential Histories Series #62) |pages=57–58 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] | year=2003 }}</ref>
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius V]] issues ''[[Quo primum]]'', promulgating the 1570 edition of the [[Roman Missal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smolarski |first1=Dennis Chester |title=The General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 1969-2002: A Commentary |date=2003 |publisher=Liturgical Press |isbn=978-0-8146-2936-9 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rfgqp26ey9wC&dq=Quo+primum+missal+%2214+july+1570%22&pg=PA6 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 22]]
**[[Thomson Snell & Passmore]] is founded, the oldest law firm in operation. 
**[[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)|The siege of Nicosia]] by the Ottoman Empire begins in [[Cyprus]] and lasts for seven weeks.<ref name=Turnbull/>
* [[July 30]] &ndash; (28th day of 6th month of [[Genki (era)|Genki]] 1 [[Battle of Anegawa]]: The allied forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]] and  [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] defeat the combined forces of the [[Azai clan|Azai]] and [[Asakura clan]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glenn |first1=Chris |title=The Samurai Castle Master: Warlord Todo Takatora |date=5 January 2023 |publisher=Frontline Books |isbn=978-1-3990-9661-4 |pages=9–11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eOSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Anegawa+nobunaga+ieyasu+%2230+july+1570%22&pg=PA9 |access-date=23 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[Peace of Saint-Germain]] ends the [[Third War of Religion]] in France. Again, the Huguenots are promised religious freedom and political autonomy.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mack P. Holt|title=The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=En23VTbYwhQC&pg=PA71|date=13 October 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-44767-6|pages=71}}</ref>
* [[August 16]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Speyer (1570)|Treaty of Speyer]] is signed between [[John Sigismund Zápolya]], [[Prince of Transylvania]] and [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], [[King of Hungary]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cservak |first1=Csaba |title=The Constitutional Development of Transylvania |journal=Journal on European History of Law |date=2023 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=97–103 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1199908 |access-date=23 December 2023 |language=English |issn=2042-6402}}</ref>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Nicosia]] falls to the Turks under the command of General Lala Mustafa Pasha. After the Ottomans breach the walls, the Venetian defenders are massacred and the women and boys are sold into slavery.<ref name=Turnbull/>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; A party of ten Spanish [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionaries land on the [[Virginia Peninsula]] of North America to establish the [[Ajacán Mission]], which will be massacred in February 1571.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Clifford |last2=Loomie |first2=Albert |title=The Spanish Jesuit Mission in Virginia, 1570-1572 |date=1 January 1953 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |pages=36,96,158 |url=https://archive.org/details/spanishjesuitmis0000clif/page/36/mode/2up?q=1571 |access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 25]] (26th day of 8th month of [[Genki (era)|Genki 1]] &ndash; The 10-year-long [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji War]] begins in Japan as [[Oda Nobunaga]] stages simultaneous attacks on two fortresses (Ishiyama Hongan-ji and [[Nagashima]]) of the [[Ikkō-ikki]] faction near [[Osaka]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sansom|first1=George|title=A History of Japan 1334–1615|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans|url-access=registration|date=1961|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford|isbn=0804705259|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans/page/283 283–284]}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain|Princess Anna of Austria]] arrives in [[Spain]] to become the Queen Consort of Spain as the bride of her uncle [[Philip II of Spain|King Philip of Spain]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mira |first1=Jenaro Alenda y |last2=Roca |first2=Pedro |title=Relaciones de solemnidades y fiestas públicas de España |date=1903 |publisher=Sucesores de Rivadeneyra |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cupcAAAAcAAJ&dq=Ana+de+Austria+Felipe+%223+de+octubre+de+1570%22&pg=PA79 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref> whom she had married by proxy on May 4.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Estela |first1=Emilio Callado |title=El advenimiento de la Casa de Austria a los Reinos Hispánicos. |date=24 August 2021 |publisher=Dykinson |isbn=978-84-1377-693-4 |page=397 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XmZGEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ana+de+Austria+Felipe+%224+de+mayo+de+1570%22&pg=PA397 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref> Having traveled through the Netherlands, she asks King Philip to spare the life of the rebel [[Floris of Montmorency]], but the King arranges the strangulation of Floris on October 14.
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[1570 Ferrara earthquake|A major earthquake]] strikes the Italian city of [[Ferrara]] at 3:00 in the morning local time, destroying 40 percent of the buildings in the city, but causing only 171 deaths.<ref>[http://storing.ingv.it/cfti/cfti5/quake.php?00755IT "Terremoto di Ferrara del 1570"] from the CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500) Guidoboni E., Ferrari G., Mariotti D., Comastri A., Tarabusi G., Sgattoni G., Valensise G. (2018) (''in Italian'')</ref> After the initial shocks, a sequence of [[aftershock]]s continue for four years, with over 2,000 in the period from November 1570 to February 1571.<ref name=Guidoboni>{{cite web|last=Guidoboni|first=Emanuela|title=Terremoti a Ferrara e nel suo territorio: un rischio sottovalutato|url=http://rivista.fondazionecarife.it/it/2010/item/735-terremoti-a-ferrara-e-nel-suo-territorio-un-rischio-sottovalutato|work=Ferrara, voci di una città|publisher=[[Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara]]| access-date= July 21, 2011 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* [[December 13]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Stettin (1570)|Treaty of Stettin]] ends the [[Northern Seven Years' War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lavery |first1=Jason |title=Germany's Northern Challenge |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-47570-0 |pages=124–144 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004475700/B9789004475700_s013.xml |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en |chapter=The Peace of Stettin (1570–1576)}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Juan de Salcedo]] (in the service of [[Miguel López de Legazpi]]) begins the conquest of the [[Kingdom of Maynila]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Newson |first1=Linda A. |title=Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines |date=16 April 2009 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-6197-1 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A40BEAAAQBAJ&dq=Juan+de+Salcedo+legazpi+maynila+%221570%22&pg=PA115 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* Construction of the original [[Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción]], the oldest church in [[Venezuela]], begins.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Branch |first1=Hilary Dunsterville |title=Guide to Venezuela |date=1996 |publisher=Bradt Publications |isbn=978-1-56440-945-4 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lN1gDNt5s-8C&q=La+Asunci%C3%B3n+Cathedral+oldest+church+%221570%22 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Whitechapel Bell Foundry]] is known to be in existence in London.<ref>{{cite news |title=Big Ben bell foundry plan approved by government |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-57121049 |access-date=24 December 2023 |date=14 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Rowan |title=Ringing the changes at the Whitechapel bell foundry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/mar/03/whitechapel-bell-foundry-plans-royal-college-of-pathologists |access-date=24 December 2023 |work=The Observer |date=3 March 2019}}</ref> By [[2017]], when it closes its premises in Whitechapel, it will be the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.
* [[Andrea Palladio]] publishes ''[[I quattro libri dell'architettura]]'' in [[Venice]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kim Williams|title=Nexus Network Journal 10,2: Architecture and Mathematics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWNOouWFZTYC&pg=PA227|date=16 December 2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-7643-8766-2|pages=227}}</ref>
* [[Volcanic eruption]] in the [[Santorini caldera]] begins.<ref>{{cite web |title=Santorini |url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=212040 |website=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Andean]] population of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] reaches 1.3 million.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Masterson |first1=Daniel |title=The History of Peru |date=30 April 2009 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-57356-746-6 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBTHEAAAQBAJ&dq=andeans+peru+1.3+million+%221570%22&pg=PA48 |access-date=January 10, 2024}}</ref></onlyinclude>