Editing 1572 (section)

==Events==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]], is tried for treason, for his part in the [[Ridolfi plot]] to restore [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]] in England. He is executed on [[June 2]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/226|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/226 226–229]}}</ref>
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth I of England]] issues a proclamation which revokes all commissions, on account of the frauds which they had fostered.
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Harrow School]] is founded, with a royal charter from Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Harrow School|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jwa8ILtT3X8C&dq=Harrow+%22February+1572%22&pg=RA1-PA7 |last=Tyerman|first=Christopher|author-link = Christopher Tyerman|page=7|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-822796-5}} ("By his own admission, John Lyon did not found Harrow School. The Charter he received from Elizabeth I dated '''19 February 1572''' explicitly stated...")</ref>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; In what is now the [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]], [[Maharana Pratap]] is crowned as the new [[List of Ranas of Mewar|Rana of Mewar]] at the Kingdom's capital at [[Udaipur]] after the death of his father, [[Udai Singh II]].
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Mem de Sá]], the [[Governorate General of Brazil|Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil]], dies after 14 years in office. He is succeeded by Lourenço da Veiga. 
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius V]] issues the papal bull ''Supremi omnipotentis Dei'', granting an [[indulgence]] reducing 50 days of punishment in the afterlife for Roman Catholics who recited the [[penitential psalm]]s.
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Queen Elizabeth I]] of England summons [[4th Parliament of Elizabeth I|a new Parliament]], which assembles on May 4.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Capture of Brielle]]: The [[Geuzen|Sea Beggars]], Netherlandish [[Calvinist]] rebels, capture the port city of [[Brielle]]. This leads to a wave of uprisings in [[Holland]] and [[Zeeland]] against Spanish [[Habsburg]] rule, leaving most of those provinces (with the exception of [[Amsterdam]]) under rebel control.
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory XIII]] succeeds [[Pope Pius V]], as the 226th [[pope]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Mircea Eliade|title=The Encyclopedia of Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuMkAAAAYAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-02-909820-2|page=175|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 14]] (4th day of 5th month, [[Genki (era)|Genki 3]]) &ndash; At the [[Battle of Kizaki]], Shimazu Yoshihiro leads an army of just 300 men to defeat the 3,000 strong Ito clan of [[Itō Yoshisuke]].<ref name="Cassell">{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Stephen|title=The Samurai Sourcebook|date=2000|publisher=Cassell & C0|location=London|isbn=1854095234|page=221}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; The [[Geuzen|Sea Beggars]] capture the city of [[Gorinchem|Gorkum]]; several Roman Catholic priests are imprisoned.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; The city council of [[Haarlem]], one of the largest cities of the Netherlands, votes to join the Dutch Revolt against King Philip II of Spain. King Philip orders  sent an army north under command of [[Fadrique Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva|Don Fadrique]], son of the Duke of Alva, to lead an army to conquer the rebelling cities.<ref name=Tracy>J.D. Tracy, ''The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588'' (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.78-79</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The [[Geuzen|Sea Beggars]] hang 19 previously imprisoned Roman Catholic priests (the ''[[Martyrs of Gorkum]]'') at [[Brielle]].
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Humphrey Gilbert]] leads 1,500 volunteers from England, on an expedition to assist the Sea Beggars.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Wanli Emperor]] of China ascends the throne at the age of nine; he will rule for 48 years.
* [[July 29]]&ndash;[[August 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Molodi]]: A large [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatar]]–[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army which invaded Russia is routed.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; Huguenot King [[Henry IV of France|Henry III of Navarre]] marries [[Margaret of Valois]], sister of King Charles and daughter of [[Catherine de' Medici]], in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics in France.<ref>{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=1012|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]]: Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including [[Gaspard II de Coligny|Gaspard de Coligny]] and [[Petrus Ramus]], at the order of King [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]], with Catherine de Medici's connivance. Henry of Navarre and the [[Princes of Condé|Prince of Condé]] barely escape the same fate. This brings about the [[Fourth War of Religion]] in France.<ref>{{cite book|author=St. John's University (New York, N.Y.)|title=Saint Vincent de Paul: A Tercentenary Commemoration of His Death, 1660-1960|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ikc0omgpSCcC|year=1960|publisher=St. John's University Press|page=78|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 19]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Mons (1572)|Siege of Mons]], which started on June 23, ends with the recapture of [[Valenciennes]] by the Spanish Army from the Dutch [[Huguenots]] in what is now Belgium. [[Louis of Nassau]], the Dutch rebel commander, surrenders to the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alba]].<ref name=Tracy/>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; 
**[[Tupac Amaru]] and other Inca Empire nobles are executed in Peru at [[Cuzco]] on orders of the Spanish [[List of Viceroys of Peru|colonial Viceroy]],  [[Francisco de Toledo]], who then carries out the destruction of the relics of the Incan civilization.<ref name="MacQuarrie">{{cite book |last1=MacQuarrie |first1=Kim |title=The Last Days of the Incas |date=2007 |publisher=Simon and Schuster Paperbacks |location=New York |isbn=9780743260497 |pages=363–378}}</ref>
**The Ottoman Empire begins the deportation of 10 percent of families of the provinces of Anatolia, Rum (Sivas), Karaman and Zülkadriye, mostly craftsmen or peasants, to the newly-conquered island of Cyprus. In exchange for relocating, the transferees are made exempt from taxes for two years.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Şeker |first=Nesim |title=Forced Population Movements in the Ottoman Empire and the Early Turkish Republic: An Attempt at Reassessment through Demographic Engineering |journal=European Journal of Turkish Studies |year=2013 |issue=16 |doi=10.4000/ejts.4396|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[September 25]] &ndash; The coronation of [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf]] as King of Hungary takes place at St. Martin's Cathedral in [[Bratislava|Pozsony]] (now Bratislava, Slovakia).

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Spanish Fury at Mechelen]]: The mostly Catholic population of the Netherlands city of [[Mechelen]] (now in Belgium) surrenders to the Spanish Army and signifies its intention to offer no resistance, singing Catholic psalms of penitence to welcome the Catholic Spaniards. Nevertheless, the Duke of Alba authorizes his troops to conduct three days of slaughter, rape and pillaging.<ref name=Arnade>Peter Arnade, ''Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt'' (Cornell University Press, 2008) pp.226-229</ref>
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]] &ndash; [[Relief of Goes]]: Soldiers of the Spanish [[Tercio]]s wade across the estuary of the [[Scheldt]], to relieve the siege of [[Goes]] in the [[Spanish Netherlands]].
* [[November 9]] 
**[[Siege of Sancerre]]: Catholic forces of the king lay siege to [[Sancerre]], a [[Huguenot]] stronghold in central France. The fortified city holds out for nearly eight months, without bombard artillery. This is one of the last times that slings are used in European warfare.
**[[SN 1572|Supernova SN 1572]] is first observed in the [[constellation]] [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]], by [[Cornelius Gemma]]. [[Tycho Brahe]], who notes it two days later, will use it to challenge the prevailing view that [[star]]s do not change.<ref>[[University of Otago]] Library exhibition note for [http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/exhibitions/delights/case_eight.html ''The Earth & Beyond''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212211818/http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/exhibitions/delights/case_eight.html |date=February 12, 2012 }}; Allen, R. H. ''Star Names: their Lore and Meaning'', Bill Thayer's edition at [[LacusCurtius]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Cassiopeia*.html "Cassiopeia."]</ref>  The supernova remnant remains visible through 1574.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; Residents of the Belgian city of [[Zutphen]] are massacred by the Spanish Army.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTNfFrXJkgsC&q=Massacre+of+Naarden&pg=PA502|title=The Rise of the Dutch Republic: A History|last=Motley|first=John Lothrop|date=1871|publisher=George Routledge and Sons|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Massacre of Naarden|All but 60 of the 3,000 residents are massacred]] by the Spanish Army in the Belgian city of [[Naarden]].<ref name=Arnade/>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; For administrative purposes, the Kingdom of Portugal divides its colony in [[Brazil]] into two colonies, with one Governor-General at Rio de Janeiro and another at Bahia. The two colonies will be reunified on April 12, 1578.<ref>"Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira" de 1936, citado na página 60.</ref>
* [[December 11]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Haarlem (1572–73)|Siege of Haarlem]] is begun by the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alva]], Spanish Army commander in the Netherlands, and lasts until July 13, 1573.<ref name=Fergus>{{Cite web|last=O’Sullivan|first=Fergus|date=14 June 2021|title=The Siege of Haarlem, Kenau, and Creating a Heroine|url=https://historyguild.org/the-siege-of-haarlem-kenau-and-creating-a-heroine/|website=History Guild}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Neo-Inca State]] in [[Vilcabamba, Peru]], the last independent remnant of the [[Inca Empire]], is conquered by Spain.
* [[Girolamo Mercuriale]] from [[Forlì]] (Italy) writes the work {{Lang|la|De morbis cutaneis}} ("On the diseases of the skin"), the first scientific tract on [[dermatology]].
* [[Imaginary number]]s are defined by [[Rafael Bombelli]].
* Portugal's [[national epic]] ''[[Os Lusíadas]]'' by [[Luís de Camões]] is first published.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/ |title = The Lusiads |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1800–1882 |access-date = 2013-08-31 }}</ref>
* [[Georg Braun]] begins publication of his urban [[atlas]], ''Civitates orbis terrarum'', in [[Cologne]].
</onlyinclude>