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== Events == === January–March === * [[January 3]] – [[Battle of Kinsale]]: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the [[Gregorian calendar]] used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 December, [[1601]] according to the old [[Julian calendar]] used by the English.) * [[February 2]] ([[Candlemas]] night) – In [[London]], the first known production of [[William Shakespeare]]'s comedy ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' takes place.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shakespeare|first=William|editor=Smith, Bruce R.|title=Twelfth Night: Texts and Contexts|page=2|location=Boston, Mass|publisher=Bedford/St Martin's|year=2001|isbn=0-312-20219-9}}</ref> * [[March 20]] – The [[Dutch East India Company|United East India Company]] is established by the United Provinces [[States General of the Netherlands|States-General]] in [[Amsterdam]], with the stated intention of capturing the spice trade from the Portuguese. === April–June === * [[April 20]] – The [[Danish–Icelandic Trade Monopoly]] is established. * [[May 25]] ([[May 15]] Old Style) – English explorer [[Bartholomew Gosnold]], sailing in the ''Concord'', becomes the first European at [[Cape Cod]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ancientlights.org/gosnold.html|title=Gosnold: 1602|publisher=Ancient Lights|author=Karle Schlieff|language=English|accessdate=26 December 2022}}</ref> * [[June 2]] – Dutch explorer [[Joris van Spilbergen]] lands on the eastern side of the island of [[Sri Lanka]], at Santhamuruthu, and begins the process of attempting to establish a relationship with the rulers of the [[Kingdom of Kandy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lankalibrary.com/geo/dutch/wimala.htm|title=Vimala Dharma Suriya I of Kandy}}</ref> * [[June 3]] – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585)]] – [[Battle of Sesimbra Bay]] off of the coast of [[Portugal]]: Five galleons of the English Royal Navy defeat a larger force of Spanish Navy ships.<ref>R. B. Wernham, ''The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595–1603'' (Clarendon Press, 1994) pp. 395-396.</ref> * [[June 5]] – [[James Lancaster]]'s [[East India Company]] fleet arrives at Achin (modern-day [[Aceh]]), [[Sumatra]] to deal with the local ruler. Having defeated [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]]'s ally, the ruler is happy to do business, and Lancaster seizes a large Portuguese [[galleon]] and loots it. * [[June 17]] – An expedition of 14 Dutch Republic ships, commanded by Admiral Wybrand van Warwijck, departs from [[Texel]] on its expedition to the [[East Indies]]. * [[June 18]] – [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)]]: [[Dunboy Castle]] in [[Ireland]] is taken by the English after 143 Irish defenders had withstood an 11-day siege by more than 4,000 English soldiers under the command of [[George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes|Sir George Carew]]. Of the 143 soldiers, who had been loyal to [[Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare]], 85 are killed in the siege, and the 58 survivors are hanged after the English victory.<ref>{{cite book|first=Mary Francis|last=Cusack|title=An Illustrated History of Ireland: From the Earliest Period|publisher=Irish National Publications|year=1868|page=410}}</ref> === July–September === * [[July 7]] – The German duchy of [[Saxe-Altenburg]], with a capital at [[Altenburg]], is created as a separate duchy as a gift to [[Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Johann Philipp]], the eldest son of his father [[Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar]]. * [[July 26]] – [[William Shakespeare]]'s tragedy [[Hamlet]], recently premiered by the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]], is licensed for publishing in London but not in fact printed at this time. * [[July 29]] – [[Juan de Zúñiga Flores]], [[Bishop of Cartagena]], becomes the [[Grand Inquisitor]] of [[Spain]] but serves for only five months before his death at the age of 55. * [[August 22]] – [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]], the prime minister for [[India]]'s [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]], is assassinated at [[Narwar]] as part of a plot by Emperor Akbar's son, [[Jahangir|Prince Salim]], who will later succeed Akbar as Emperor Jahangir.<ref>R. C. Majumdar, ''The Mughul Empire'' (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 2007) p. 167.</ref> Abu'l-Fazl's killer, [[Vir Singh Bundela]], sends the victim's severed head to Prince Salim as proof of the plot's success. * [[September 1]] – The [[Mutiny of Hoogstraten]], a rebellion by soldiers of the [[Army of Flanders]], begins with the seizure by 3,000 disgruntled mercenaries of the town of [[Hoogstraten]] (now in Belgium). The mutineers hold the town for almost two years before surrendering on 18 May 1604. * [[September 10]] – [[Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell|Rory O'Donnell]] (Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill) becomes the last Irish [[List of rulers of Tyrconnell|King of Tyrconnell]] upon the death of his brother, [[Hugh Roe O'Donnell]] (Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill). After less than a year, Rory allows Tyrconnell (modern-day [[County Donegal]] in [[Northern Ireland]]) to come under Irish control in return for being created the [[Earl of Tyrconnell]]. * [[September 12]] – King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland receives the delivery of eight specially woven [[Persian carpet]]s displaying Poland's royal [[coat of arms]], after having dispatched agent Sefer Muratowicz to [[Kashan]].<ref>Erdmann, Kurt; Hanna. ''Seven Hundred Years of Oriental Carpets'' (University of California Press, 1970)</ref> * [[September 20]] – The [[Siege of Grave (1602)|siege]] of the Spanish Netherlands town of [[Grave, Netherlands|De Graaf]] ends after two months as a Dutch and English army forces the surrender of the Spanish defenders.<ref>R. B. Wernham, ''The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595–1603'' (Clarendon Press, 2004) pp. 411-412.</ref> * [[September 30]] – The [[siege of Weissenstein]], a Swedish town that is now [[Paide]] in [[Estonia]], ends after four months with a victory of 2,000 Polish and Lithuanian troops commanded by [[Jan Zamoyski]], the [[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Great Crown Hetman]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. === October–December === * [[October 3]] – [[Battle of the Narrow Seas]]: An English fleet, joined by the Dutch, begins a pursuit of six Spanish [[galley]]s through the [[Strait of Dover]], and defeats them the next day. * [[November 8]] – The [[Bodleian Library]] at the [[University of Oxford]] in England is opened.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=166–168|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> * [[December 11]] – A surprise attack by forces under the command of [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]], and his brother-in-law, [[Philip III of Spain]], is repelled by the citizens of [[Geneva]] (this actually takes place after midnight, in the early morning of December 12, but commemorations/celebrations on [[L'Escalade|Fête de l'Escalade]] are usually held on December 11 or the closest weekend). === Ongoing === * [[Russian famine of 1601–03]] * [[Long Turkish War]] (1591/1593-1606) * [[Jelali revolts]] === Date unknown === * The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] are expelled from [[Bahrain]]. * The [[Safavid Empire]] of [[Persia]] and the [[Spanish Empire]] conclude a defensive alliance and declare war on the [[Ottoman Empire]]. * First publication, in London, of: ** [[Ben Jonson]]'s satirical comedy ''[[Poetaster (play)|Poetaster]]''. ** [[William Shakespeare]]'s comedy ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''. ** The play ''[[A Larum for London|A Larum for London, or the Siedge of Antwerp]]''. * Copies are printed of the [[:Image:Matteo Ricci Far East 1602 Larger.jpg|geographical map of East Asia]] created by [[Matteo Ricci]], an Italian [[Jesuit]] stationed in [[Ming dynasty]] Beijing, China, with Chinese-written labeling and map symbols. * The [[Iconoclasm|iconoclast]] and [[Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar [[Li Zhi (philosopher)|Li Zhi]] commits suicide while in a Chinese prison, during the late [[Ming dynasty]]; he had taught that women were the intellectual equals of men and should be given equal opportunity in education; he was charged with spreading "dangerous ideas".
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