Editing 1605 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', copyrighted 1600, is given its earliest recorded performance, and witnessed by the [[Dudley Carleton, 1st Viscount Dorchester|Viscount Dorchester]].<ref> ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'', ed. by R. A. Foakes (Cambridge University Press, 1984) p. 12</ref>
* [[January 7]] – Shakespeare's play ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'', copyrighted 1600, is given its earliest recorded performance, presented by the Lord Chamberlain's Men for [[James VI and I|King James I of England]].<ref>''Henry V'', ''The Oxford Shakespeare'', ed. by Gary Taylor (Oxford University Press, 1982) p. 9</ref> 
* [[January 15]] –  Shakespeare's play ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]'', copyrighted 1598, is given its second recorded performance, probably presented at the home of the [[Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton|Earl of Southampton]] for [[Anne of Denmark|Queen Anne]], wife of King James I of England.<ref> ''Love's Labour's Lost'', in ''The New Cambridge Shakespeare'', ed. by William C. Carroll (Cambridge University Press, 2009) pp. 37–38</ref>
* [[January 16]] – The first part of [[Miguel de Cervantes]]' satire on the theme of [[chivalry]], ''[[Don Quixote]]'' (''El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha'', "The Ingenious [[Hidalgo (nobility)|Hidalgo]] Don Quixote of [[La Mancha]]"), is published in [[Madrid]]. One of the first significant [[novel]]s in the western literary tradition, it becomes a global bestseller almost at once.<ref>{{cite book|author=R. M. Flores|title=Sancho Panza Through Three Hundred Seventy-five Years of Continuations, Imitations, and Criticism, 1605-1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIZRAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Juan de la Cuesta|isbn=978-0-936388-06-9|page=1|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] – The [[1605 Keichō earthquake]], of estimated 7.9 magnitude, strikes [[Japan]] south of the island of [[Honshu]], and triggers a [[tsunami]] that washes away hundreds of houses and kills thousands of people.
* [[February 10]] – Shakespeare's play ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' is given its earliest recorded performance, presented by the King's Men players at the [[Palace of Whitehall]] for King James I of England. A second performance is given on February 12, Shrove Tuesday, at the King's request.<ref>The ''Merchant of Venice'' in ''The Arden Shakespeare, Third Series'', ed. by John Drakakis  (Bloomsbury, 2010) p. 113</ref>
* [[February 21]] – [[Stephen Bocskai]] is elected [[Prince of Transylvania]] at the capital, [[Alba Iulia|Belugrad]] (modern-day Alba Iulia in [[Romania]].)
* [[February 25]] – Admiral [[Steven van der Hagen]] leads a fleet of ships for the [[Dutch East India Company]] and makes the first capture of land for the Netherlands in what will become the Dutch East Indies, and later Indonesia. Hagen's men capture the Portuguese citadel of [[Fort Victoria (Ambon)|Forte Amboino]] and the rest of [[Ambon Island]], and make it the capital of the Dutch possessions in Asia.
* [[March 11]] – A proclamation declares all people of Ireland to be the direct subjects of the [[British Crown]] and not of any local lord or chief.<ref name=CIH>{{cite book|editor=Moody, T. W.|title=A New History of Ireland. '''8''': A Chronology of Irish History|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-821744-2|display-editors=etal}}</ref> 
* [[March 3]] – [[Pope Clement VIII]] dies at the age of 69 after a reign of 13 years.
* [[March 14]] – The [[March–April 1605 papal conclave|March–April 1605 papal conclave]] of Roman Catholic cardinals to elect a successor to Pope Clement VIII opens at the Vatican in [[Rome]], 11 days after Clement's death. Sixty-one of the 69 [[Cardinal electors for the March–April 1605 papal conclave|cardinals]] meet behind closed doors for the rest of the month. Discussion becomes heated, with shouting and jostling.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 1]] – Cardinal Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pistoia|Bishop of Pistoia]], is elected by the assembled 61 cardinals at the [[March–April 1605 papal conclave|papal conclave]] after 17 days of balloting. He takes the regnal name of [[Pope Leo XI]] to become the 232nd pope, but serves for less than four weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Recusant History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLYvAQAAIAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Catholic Record Society|page=79|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] – The city of [[Oulu]] ({{langx|sv|Uleåborg}}) is founded by King [[Charles IX of Sweden]].<ref>[https://seura.fi/matkailu/torilla-tavataan-oulun-rikas-kulttuuritarjonta-hellii-kaiken-ikaisia-silla-tapahtumia-ja-festivaaleja-on-tarjolla-lapi-vuoden/ Torilla tavataan! Oulun rikas kulttuuritarjonta hellii matkailijaa, sillä tapahtumia ja festivaaleja on tarjolla läpi vuoden] – ''[[Seura]]'' (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[April 13]] – Tsar [[Boris Godunov]] dies; [[Feodor II of Russia|Feodor II]] accedes to the [[Tsardom of Russia|Russian]] throne.
* [[April 16]]
**[[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] abdicates as [[shogun]] of [[Japan]], becoming ''Ogosho'' (retired shogun). His son [[Tokugawa Hidetada]] succeeds him to the office.<ref>"Cases of Tensho, Bunroku, and Keicho periods, the appointment of samurai families and the granting of the Toyotomi surname", by Kohei Murakawa, ''Komazawa Shigaku'' (2013) pp. 112-129</ref>
**In England, [[John Winthrop]], later governor of the future [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], marries his first wife (of 4), Mary Forth, daughter of John Forth, of [[Great Stambridge]], [[Essex]].
* [[April 27]] – Pope Leo XI dies suddenly from a cold at the age of 69, after a reign of only 26 days, prompting the return of the cardinals for [[May 1605 papal conclave|the second papal conclave in less than two months]]. During his brief reign, the Pope issued a bill requiring secret balloting in papal conclaves.
* [[May 8]] – A group of 59 Roman Catholic cardinals assemble at Rome for another [[Papal conclave, May 1605|papal conclave]] to elect a successor to Pope Leo XI. During the meeting, a fistfight breaks out among the cardinals over the two rival candidates, [[Antonio Sauli]] and [[Domenico Toschi]], neither of whom receive the necessary 40 votes for a two-thirds election. In the fight, Cardinal [[Alfonso Visconti]] sustains several fractures.<ref>Frederic J. Baumgartner, ''Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) p. 141</ref>
* [[May 16]] – Camillo Borghese, Cardinal Vicar of Rome and cardinal-priest of [[Sant'Eusebio]] is elected the 233rd pope, and takes the name of [[Pope Paul V]]. Another "[[Year of Three Popes]]" will not occur until 373 years later, in 1978. Borghese is elected as a compromise candidate after the physical disagreements during the conclave.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tyler Lansford|title=The Latin Inscriptions of Rome: A Walking Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0DPzpiQqiFsC&pg=PA513|date=17 July 2009|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-9149-6|pages=513|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] – Russian troops in Moscow imprison [[Feodor II of Russia|Feodor II]] and his mother, later executing them.
* [[June 20]] – Pretender [[False Dmitriy I|Dmitriy]] and his supporters, including troops of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], march to Moscow.<ref name=Russia>{{cite book|title=Political History and Culture of Russia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3N6NAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|page=237|language=en}}</ref>

=== July–September ===
* [[July 4]] – A proclamation commands all [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[seminary]] priests and [[Jesuits]] to leave Ireland by December 10 and directs the laity to attend [[Church of Ireland]] services.<ref name=CIH/>
* [[July 13]] – The [[1605 Guangdong earthquake]], of 7.5 magnitude, strikes [[China]]'s [[Hainan Province]] causing widespread damage and thousands of deaths.
* [[July 21]] – Claiming to be Dmitriy, son of Ivan the Terrible, a pretender is officially crowned [[Tsar]] [[False Dmitriy I|Dimitriy Ioannovich]] of Russia in Moscow by [[Ignatius of Moscow|Patriarch Ignatius]].
* [[August 14]] – A Spanish attack on the Moorish fortress of [[Hammamet, Tunisia|Hammamet]], in [[Ottoman Tunisia]], ends in a disaster for the Spaniards. Although Spanish troops had managed to scale the walls and open the gates, they are suddenly ordered to retreat and are massacred while waiting on the coast for the return of the ships that brought them. 
* [[August 19]] – [[Eighty Years' War]]: The [[Siege of Lingen (1605)|siege of the Dutch city of Lingen]], by 13,000 Spanish troops and 3,000 cavalry, ends with the surrender of Captain Maerten Cobben after nine days of defense. Although the Dutch Republic's stadtholder, [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]], had proclaimed that Lingen must be held at all costs, Dutch troops failed to come to Cobben's aid and Don [[Ambrogio Spinola]] of Spain peacefully takes control of the city.<ref>Olaf Van Nimwegen, ''The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions 1588-1688'' (The Boydell Press, 2010) p. 191</ref>
* [[September 27]] – [[Sweden|Swedish]] armies are decisively defeated by [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] cavalry in the [[Battle of Kircholm]].

=== October–December ===
* [[October 27]] – The 3rd [[Mughal Emperor]], [[Akbar]] "the Great", dies of [[dysentery]] at [[Fatehpur Sikri]] in India. 
* [[October 28]] – [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] troops under [[Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases]], Captain-General of the [[Army of Flanders]] (newly appointed a Knight of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]]), occupy [[Wachtendonk]] after a 20-day siege.
* [[October]]
** The first issue of ''[[Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien]]'' by [[Johann Carolus]] in [[Strasbourg]] ([[Holy Roman Empire]]), generally regarded as the world's first [[newspaper]], is published.<ref>{{cite book|title=Timeline of History|year=2011|publisher=DK Publishing|isbn=978-0-7566-8681-9|page=203}}</ref> ''De Nieuwe Tijdinghen'', a Dutch proto-newspaper, is also published this year.
** [[Francis Bacon]]'s ''[[The Advancement of Learning|Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human]]'' is published in London.
* [[November 3]] – [[Jahangir]], the fourth Mughal Emperor, begins his 22-year reign over the [[Mughal Empire]] in northern India.
* [[November 5]] ([[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) – The [[Gunpowder Plot]], a scheme to bomb England's [[Palace of Westminster]] during the opening of Parliament, is foiled after Sir [[Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet|Thomas Knyvet]] is tipped off, and finds Catholic plotter [[Guy Fawkes]] in a cellar below the Parliament building. Knyvet orders a search of the area and 36 barrels of [[gunpowder]] are found. Fawkes is arrested for trying to assassinate [[James I of England|King James I]] and the members who had been scheduled to sit together in Parliament the next day.<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher Culpin|title=Crime and Punishment Through Time: A Study in Development in Crime, Punishment and Protest for SHP and Other GCSE Syllabuses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvNWAAAAYAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Collins Educational|isbn=978-0-00-327321-2|pages=45|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 6]] – The Iranian Safavid ruler [[Abbas the Great]] leads the Persian troops to a victory over a larger force of Ottoman Empire troops in the [[Battle of Sufiyan]], and captures [[Tabriz]].<ref>''Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend'' (I.B. Tauris & Co., 2009) p. 81</ref>  
* [[December 6]] – In England, [[Thomas Bonham (physician)|Thomas Bonham]] petitions to become a member of the College of Physicians in order for his practice to be legal, and is rejected. Dr. Bonham continues to practice, and is eventually imprisoned on November 13, 1606, leading to the landmark decision in ''[[Dr. Bonham's Case]]'' in 1610.
* [[December 11]] – [[Sigismund III Vasa|King Sigismund III]] of [[Poland]] marries his former sister-in-law, [[Constance of Austria|Constance]], daughter of [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria]], after [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor]] refuses to permit the King to marry [[Anna of Tyrol]]. King Sigismund, a widow, had previously been married to Constance's older sister, [[Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland|Anne]].
* [[December 21]] – On behalf of Spain, Portuguese navigator [[Pedro Fernandes de Queirós]] begins his expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with 160 men on three ships. Queiros departs from [[Callao]] in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] with his flagship, ''San Pedro y San Pablo'', and ''San Pedro'' and ''Los Tres Reyes''.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Habitation at Port-Royal]] established by France under [[Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons]], the first European colonization of [[Nova Scotia]] in North America (at this time part of [[Acadia]]); the [[Gregorian calendar]] is adopted.
* Crew of the ''Olive'' become the first English visitors to [[Barbados]].
* Refugee French [[Huguenot]] merchants begin to settle in [[Dublin]] and [[Waterford]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Huguenot Timeline|url=http://www.genealogyforum.com/gfaol/resource/Huguenot/hug0006.htm|work=Genealogy Forum|location=Armada, Michigan|access-date=November 19, 2013|date=January 2006|archive-date=January 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082451/http://www.genealogyforum.com/gfaol/resource/Huguenot/hug0006.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Priory of St. Gregory's is founded at [[Douai]], [[Flanders]], at this time in the [[Spanish Netherlands]], by its first [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]], [[John Roberts (martyr)|John Roberts]], and other exiles, thus becoming the first English [[Benedictine]] house to renew conventual life after the [[English Reformation]]. More than two centuries later the community will establish [[Downside Abbey]] back in England.
* The [[Irish College in Paris]] is co-founded by John Lee, an Irish priest, and John de l'Escalopier, President of the [[Parlement]].
* Central Mexico's Amerindian population reaches one million.</onlyinclude>