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== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 9]] – The [[Black Nazarene]], a statue, arrives in [[Manila]] from Mexico. * [[January 24]] – [[Gunpowder Plot]]: The trial of [[Guy Fawkes]] and other conspirators, for plotting against [[Parliament]] and [[James I of England]], begins in London.<ref>{{cite book|author=Guy Eden|title=The Parliament Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mnvjys4fbsUC|year=1949|publisher=Staples Press|page=29|language=en}}</ref> They are [[hanged, drawn and quartered]] on January 30–31. * [[January 29]] – Explorer [[Pedro Fernandes de Queirós]] of [[Portugal]], accompanied by a party of 160 men on the ships ''San Pedro'', ''San Pablo'' and ''Los Tres Reyes'', leads the first Europeans to discover the [[Pitcairn Islands]]. * [[February 9]] – Queirós and his crew discover [[Mehetia]], followed three days later by the [[Tauere]] [[atoll]]. * [[February 26]] – Sailing on the Dutch ship ''[[Duyfken]]'', Dutch navigator [[Willem Janszoon]] and the crew make the first confirmed sighting of [[Australia]] by a European, reaching the [[Cape York Peninsula]], at the [[Pennefather River]] near what is now [[Weipa, Queensland]]. <ref>Norman Davies, ''Beneath Another Sky: A Global Journey Into History'' (Penguin Books, 2017)</ref> The ''Duyfken'' follows by exploring the western coast.<ref>{{cite book|last=McHugh|first=Evan|title=1606: An Epic Adventure|location=Sydney|publisher=University of New South Wales Press|year=2006|page=20|isbn=978-0-86840-866-8}}</ref> * [[March 19]] – [[Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]], in the Fortezza Vecchia Chapel of Saint Francesco, elevates [[Livorno]] to the rank of city. === April–June === * [[April 10]] – [[Charter of 1606]]: The First [[s:Charter of Virginia, 1606|Charter of Virginia]] is adopted, by which [[James VI and I|King James I of England]] grants rights to the [[Virginia Company]] (comprising the [[London Company]] and [[Plymouth Company]]) to settle parts of the east coast of North America. * [[April 12]] – The first version of the [[Union Flag]] is created,<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> to be worn as a [[national flag]] by [[Kingdom of England|English]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish]] ships. * [[April 17]] – [[Venetian Interdict]]: [[Pope Paul V]] places the [[Republic of Venice]] under an [[Interdict (Catholic canon law)|interdict]], as well as excommunicating [[Leonardo Donato]], the [[Doge of Venice]], and members of the Venetian Senate. <ref>"The Impact of Jacques Gillot's Actes du Concile de Trente (1607) in the Debate Concerning the Council of Trent in France", by Tom Hamilton, in ''The Council of Trent: Reform and Controversy in Europe and Beyond (1545-1700)'' (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018) p. 376</ref> * [[May 1]] – [[Pedro Fernandes de Queirós]] discovers the islands of [[Vanuatu]] (formerly the New Hebrides). <ref>William Eisler, ''The Furthest Shore: Images of Terra Australis from the Middle Ages to Captain Cook'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995) p.47</ref> Believing them to be Australia, he names them ''{{Lang|es|La Austrialia del Espiritu Santo}}''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Richardson|first=William A. R.|title=Was Australia Charted Before 1606: the Jave la Grande Inscriptions|location=Australia|publisher=Everbest|year=2008|page=20}}</ref> * [[May 17]] – Russia's [[Dmitry I of Russia|Tsar Dmitry I]] is assassinated in the [[Kremlin]] by supporters of [[Vasili Shuisky]]. * [[May 19]] – [[Vasili IV of Russia|Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky]] becomes the new Tsar of Russia as Vasili IV. * [[June]] or [[October]] – [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1606)|Battle of Cape St. Vincent]]: An improvised Spanish fleet under [[Luis Fajardo (Spanish Navy officer)|Luis Fajardo]] defeats the Dutch fleet under [[Willem de Zoete|Willem Haultain]]. * [[June 21]] – [[Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha|Derviş Mehmed Pasha]] is appointed the new [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] by [[Ahmed I|Sultan Ahmed I]] after [[Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha]] dies of a stroke. Derviş Mehmed serves less than six months before Ahmed suddenly has him executed. *[[June 22]] – By Act of Parliament in England, all Roman Catholics in England become required to [[Oath of Allegiance of James I of England|swear an oath of allegiance to King James I]], a Protestant raised in the Presbyterian Church in Scotland. <ref>W. B. Patterson, ''King James VI and I and the Reunion of Christendom'' (Cambridge University Press, 2000) p. 80</ref> * [[June 23]] – A [[Treaty of Vienna (1606)|treaty is signed in Vienna]] between the [[Archduchy of Austria]] and the semi-independent [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]]. [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Rudolf]] agrees to recognize [[Stephen Bocskai]] as Prince of Transylvania in return for Bocksay's guarantee of constitutional and religious rights to the ethnic Hungarians within Transylvania's borders. === July–September === * [[July 1]] – Scottish minister [[Patrick Simson]] and 44 other ministers of the [[Church of Scotland]] sign Simson's Protest to the Scottish Parliament against the introduction to Scotland of a hierarchy of bishops. * [[July 3]] – The Russian Orthodox bishop [[Patriarch Hermogenes of Moscow|Hermogenes]] is installed as the new [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia]], replacing [[Ignatius of Moscow|Ignatius]]. * [[July 10]] **[[Simion Movilă]] becomes the new [[Prince of Moldavia]] upon the death of his older brother, [[Ieremia Movilă]]. Simion will reign for only 14 months before being poisoned on September 14, 1607. **England deports 47 Roman Catholic priests, including [[Thomas Garnet]], putting them on board a ship bound for [[Flanders]] in what is now [[Belgium]]. A royal proclamation is read to the group, warning them that they will be put to death if they ever return to the British Isles. * [[July 14]] – The expedition commanded by Portuguese explorer [[Luís Vaz de Torres]], with the ships ''San Pedrico'' and ''Los Tres Reyes Magos'', makes the first European sighting of South Pacific islands in [[New Guinea]], starting with [[Rossel Island]] and [[Tagula Island]]. Discoveries follow on July 18 ([[Basilaki Island]] and [[Sideia Island]]), July 20 (the [[Dumoulin Islands (Louisiade)|Dumoulin Islands]] and [[Sariba Island]], and July 30 ([[Doini Island]]). * [[July 24]] – King [[Christian IV of Denmark]], as the guest of his brother-in-law, [[James VI and I|King James of England, Scotland and Ireland]], is welcomed at [[London]], and the two monarchs are driven by coaches to a banquet at [[Theobalds House]] at [[Cheshunt]], [[Hertfordshire]]. They are entertained by playwright [[Ben Jonson]]'s play, ''[[The Entertainment of the Kings of Great Britain and Denmark]]''. * [[July 31]] – Playwright [[John Marston (playwright)|John Marston]] presents his own original play to King James and King Christian during the Danish monarch's visit to London. * [[August 16]] – [[Battle of Cape Rachado]]: A [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] fleet is defeated by the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]]. * [[August]] (''approx.'') – Possible first performance of [[William Shakespeare]]'s tragedy ''[[Macbeth]]'' in [[London]].<ref name="Shak.Encyc.">Scholars date completion as between 1603 and 1606. {{cite book|first=Charles|last=Boyce|title=Encyclopaedia of Shakespeare|location=New York|publisher=Roundtable Press|year=1990}}</ref><ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=166–168|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> * [[September 20]] – The trial of alleged poisoners in the [[Frankenstein gravediggers scandal]] begins in the Bohemian town of [[Ząbkowice Śląskie|Frankenstein]]. === October–December === * [[October 2]] – King [[Charles IX of Sweden]] founds the city of [[Vaasa]], to the [[Korsholm|Korsholm Parish]] in the [[Coastal Ostrobothnia]].<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000004424888.html HS: Kaarle IX perusti Vaasan 1606] (in Finnish)</ref> * [[October]] – [[Luís Vaz de Torres]] is the first [[Europe]]an to sail through the [[Torres Strait]]. * [[November 11]] – The [[Peace of Zsitvatorok]] is signed, between the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Holy Roman Empire]]s. The independence of [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania]] is recognized by both sides, and [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]]'s annual tribute to the Ottomans is abolished. * [[December 19]] – The ''[[Susan Constant]]'' sets out from the [[River Thames]] in England leading the [[Virginia Company]]'s fleet for the foundation of [[Jamestown, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Evelyn Wrench|author2=Sir Evelyn Wrench|title=Transatlantic London: Three Centuries of Association Between England and America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHADAAAAMAAJ|year=1949|publisher=Hutchinson|page=5}}</ref> * [[December 26]] – [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[King Lear]]'' is given its first recorded performance, staged at the [[Palace of Whitehall]]. <ref>"The Tragedy of King Lear", in ''The New Cambridge Shakespeare'', ed. by Jay L. Halio (Cambridge University Press, 1992) p.1</ref>
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