Editing 1607 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 13]] &ndash; The Bank of Genoa fails.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
* [[January 19]] &ndash; [[San Agustin Church, Manila]], is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be the oldest church in the [[Philippines]].
* [[January 30]] &ndash; Coastal flooding around Britain, probably a [[storm surge]], including [[Bristol Channel floods, 1607|Bristol Channel floods]] in which a massive wave sweeps along the [[Bristol Channel]], killing an estimated 2,000 people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2007/01/30/somerset_flood_1607_anniversary_feature.shtml|title=The great flood of 1607: could it happen again?|last=BBC staff|date=24 September 2014|publisher=BBC Somerset|access-date=20 February 2008|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bryant|first1=Edward|last2=Haslett|first2=Simon|year=2002|url=http://www.bathspa.ac.uk/schools/science-and-the-environment/geography/Tsunami/archaeology-in-the-severn-estuary-2003-paper.pdf|title=Was the AD 1607 Coastal Flooding Event in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel (UK) Due to a Tsunami?|journal=Archaeology in the Severn Estuary|issue=13|pages=163–7|access-date=2010-09-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616185829/http://www.bathspa.ac.uk/schools/science-and-the-environment/geography/Tsunami/archaeology-in-the-severn-estuary-2003-paper.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-16}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Claudio Monteverdi]]'s ''[[L'Orfeo]]'', the earliest fully developed [[opera]] in the modern-day repertoire, premieres at the Ducal Palace of [[Mantua]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=David Clarke|author2=Eric Clarke|title=Music and Consciousness: Philosophical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYcGG9ZrFpwC&pg=PA345|date=28 July 2011|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-162558-9|pages=345}}</ref>
* [[March 10]] &ndash; Battle of Gol in [[Gojjam]]: [[Susenyos I|Susenyos]] defeats the combined armies of [[Yaqob]] and [[Abuna]] Petros II, which makes him [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gibraltar (1607)|Battle of Gibraltar]]: A [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] fleet of 26 warships, led by Admiral [[Jacob van Heemskerck]], stages a surprise attack on a [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] fleet anchored in the [[Bay of Gibraltar]]. In the battle that ensues, Spain loses as many as 10 galleons and 12 smaller ships, and at least 300 men are killed. The disaster causes Spain to go into bankruptcy by October.<ref>{{cite book|author=Roger Quarm|title=The Ship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlZQAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Scala Books|isbn=978-1-85759-010-4|page=23}}</ref>
* [[April 26]] &ndash; English colonists make landfall at [[Cape Henry]], [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]], later moving up the [[James River]].
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Jamestown, Virginia]], is established as the first permanent English settlement in North America, beginning the [[American frontier]].
* [[May 15]] &ndash; From Jamestown, [[Christopher Newport]], George Percy, Gabriel Archer and others travel six days exploring along the [[James River]] up to the falls and [[Powhatan]]'s village.
* [[May 26]] &ndash; At [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]], the president of the governing council, [[Edward Maria Wingfield|Edward Wingfield]], directs the fort to be strengthened and armed against the many attacks of the natives:  "Hereupon the President was contented the Fort should be pallisadoed, the ordinance mounted, his men armed and exercised, for many were the assaults and Ambuscadoes of the Savages ..."<ref>John Smith, Proceedings (Barbour 1964).</ref> 200 armed Indians attack the Jamestown settlement, killing two people and wounding 10.
* [[May 28]] &ndash; A wooden defensive wall ([[palisade]]) is built by settlers around the Fort at Jamestown. Gabriel Archer writes in his journal, "we laboured, pallozadoing our fort". 
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[John Hall (physician)|Dr John Hall]] marries [[Susanna Hall|Susanna]], daughter of [[William Shakespeare]], at the [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon]] (England).
* [[June 8]] &ndash; Newton rebellion: The Tresham landowning family kills more than 40 peasants during protests against the [[enclosure]] of common land in [[Newton, Northamptonshire]], England, at the culmination of the [[Midland Revolt]].
* [[June 10]] &ndash; In Jamestown, [[John Smith (explorer)|Captain John Smith]] is released from arrest and sworn in as a member of the colony Council.
* [[June 15]] &ndash; At Jamestown, the triangular fort is completed and armed: "The fifteenth of June we had built and finished our Fort, which was triangle wise, having three Bulwarkes, at every corner, like a halfe Moone, and foure or five pieces of Artillerie mounted in them. We had made our selves sufficiently strong for these Savages. We had also sowne most of our Corne on two Mountaines."<ref>George Percy (Tyler 1952:19).</ref> The colony reportedly bears extreme toil in strengthening the fort.<ref>John Smith, ''Proceedings'' (Barbour 1964:210).</ref>
* [[June 22]] &ndash; Christopher Newport sails back to England.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Luis de Velasco, 1st Marquess of Salinas del Río Pisuerga|Luis de Velasco]] returns to office as the Spanish Viceroy of New Spain, which at this time includes Mexico, parts of the future United States and much of Central America. Velasco had previously been Viceroy from 1590 to 1595, then served as Viceroy of Peru (encompassing much of South America) from 1596 to 1604. He serves as New Spain's viceroy until 1611. 
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Zebrzydowski Rebellion]]: The [[Battle of Guzów]] is fought in Poland near [[Guzów, Szydłowiec County|Guzów]] against rebels by the combined armies of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], led by Poland's Hetman, General [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]], and the Hetman of Lithuania, [[Jan Karol Chodkiewicz]]. The rebels, led by [[Mikołaj Zebrzydowski]] and [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620)|Janusz Radziwiłł]], are forced to retreat.
* [[July 10]] &ndash; Ottoman Grand Vizier [[Kuyucu Murad Pasha]] launches a secret expedition to confront rebel Kurdish tribal chief [[Ali Janbulad]], who has seized control of [[Aleppo Eyalet|Aleppo]] in what is now [[Syria]]. 
* [[July 17]] &ndash; In the (modern-day) South Kalimantan province of Indonesia, Sultan Mustain Billah of [[Sultanate of Banjar|Banjar]] orders the massacre of the crew of a Netherlands East India Company ship visiting the capital at [[Banjarmasin]].  
* [[July 20]] &ndash; The second "[[False Dmitry II|False Dmitry]]", one of three people claiming to be [[Dmitry of Uglich|Dmitry Ivanovich]], son of the late Tsar [[Ivan the Terrible]], appears at the Russian town of [[Starodub]] and persuades residents that he is the rightful heir to the Russian throne.
* [[August 3]] &ndash; After Catholics and Protestants clash in [[Donauwörth]], emperor [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph II]] declares an [[imperial ban]] over the city and orders Bavarian duke [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I]] to execute the ban leading to the occupation of the city by a force of 15,000 in December. This in turn leads to the creation of the [[Protestant Union]] in 1608. 
* [[August 13]] &ndash; The ship ''Gift of God'' of the [[Plymouth Company]] arrives at the mouth of the modern-day [[Kennebec River]] in [[Maine]]. English colonists establish [[Fort St. George (Popham Colony)|Fort St. George]], also known as the [[Popham Colony]]. The settlement lasts little more than a year, before residents return to England in the first oceangoing ship built in the [[New World]], a 30-ton [[Full-rigged pinnace|pinnace]] called ''The Virginia''.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; ''[[Hamlet]]'' is performed aboard the [[East India Company]] ship ''Red Dragon'', under the command of Capt. [[William Keeling]], anchored off the coast of [[Sierra Leone]], the first known performance of a Shakespeare play outside England in English, and the first by amateurs.
* [[September 10]] &ndash; Jamestown President [[Edward Maria Wingfield]] is deposed and [[John Ratcliffe (governor)|John Ratcliffe]] elected.
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Flight of the Earls]]: [[Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone]], and [[Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell]], flee [[Gaelic Ireland|Ireland]] for [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] with 90 followers, to avoid capture by the English crown, never to return.
* September &ndash; The [[Scrooby Congregation]] of Protestant [[English Separatists]] attempt to flee to the [[Dutch Republic]] from [[Boston, Lincolnshire]], but are betrayed, arrested and imprisoned for a time.

=== October&ndash;December ===
*[[October 4]] &ndash; [[Flight of the Earls]]: The Earl of Tyrone and the Earl of Tyrconnell, along with their followers, reach the European continent, landing on St. Francis' Day at Quilleboeuf in France with 99 people.<ref>Tadhg Ó Cianáin, ''[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100070/index.html The Flight of the Earls]'' (1609)</ref> after having departed Rathmullan in Ireland on September 12. 
*[[October 27]] &ndash; [[Halley's Comet]] is seen by [[Johannes Kepler]].
*[[November 7]] &ndash; A Dutch warship commanded by Admiral [[Cornelis Matelief de Jonge]] arrives at the Malay Peninsula to attempt opening trade with the [[Pahang Sultanate]], and get Pahang's assistance in the Dutch Navy's fight against the Portuguese Navy in Asian trade. [[Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah of Pahang|Sultan Abdul Ghafur]] agrees to assistance in return for Dutch technical assistance.<ref>William Linehan, ''History of Pahang''  (Malaysian Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society, 1973)</ref>
*[[November 9]] &ndash; King [[Philip III of Spain]] announces that his government had run out of money and that it is suspending payments on its foreign debts.<ref>Paul C. Allen, ''Philip III and the Pax Hispanica, 1598–1621: The Failure of Grand Strategy'' (Yale University Press, 2000)</ref> effectively declaring the state bankrupt. The decision in the wake of the destruction of most of the ships of Spain's Navy at the April 25 Battle of Gibraltar.
*[[November 15]] &ndash; [[Flight of the Earls]]: After the departure from Ireland of [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone]] and [[Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell]], along with 90 of their followers, King James I of England, Scotland and Ireland issues a proclamation "that the flight of the Earles of Tyrone and Tyrconell, with some others of their fellowes out of the North parts of our Realme of Ireland; these men's corruption and falshood, whose hainous offences remaine so fresh in memorie since they declared themselves so very monsters in nature, as they did not only whithdraw themselues from their personall obedience to their Soveraigne, but were content to sell over their Native Countrey to those that stood at that time in the highest termes of hostilitie with the two Crownes of England and Ireland... we doe hereby professe in the worde of a King, that... notwithstanding all that they can claime, must be acknowledged to proceed from meere Grace upon their submission after their great and unnaturall Treasons", and must forfeit their rights and possessions as nobles.<ref>[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/E600001-002/index.html "A Proclamation touching the Earles of Tyrone and Tyrconnell"]</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; Captain [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]] and nine men depart the Jamestown Colony on a barge in order to get more corn for the English fort. Sailing up the [[Chickahominy River]], the boat reaches a settlement of the [[Appomattoc]] tribe at Apocant. While Smith, Jehu Robinson and Thomas Emery are further upstream in a canoe, George Casson is captured at Apocant by [[Opchanacanough]], brother of Chief [[Powhatan (Native American leader)|Powhatan]]. Robinson and Emery are killed while Smith is away from their camp, and Smith is soon taken prisoner by Opchancanough and, on January 5, is delivered to Powhatan at [[Werowocomoco]] for execution. After an intervention by Powhatan's daughter, [[Pocahontas]], Smith is released a month after his capture.<ref>"Smith, John (1580–1631)", by Edward Arbab, in ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' (R.S. Peale, 1892) p. 175</ref>
* [[December 22]] &ndash; A fleet of 13 Dutch warships under the command of Admiral [[Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff|Pieter Verhoeff]] departs the Netherlands on an expedition to the Indian Ocean to open trade with Asian nations and to fight hostile resistance. Verhoeff never returns, and he and many of his crew will be ambushed and killed on May 22 at the [[Banda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The rule of [[Andorra]] passes jointly to the king of [[Kingdom of France|France]], and the [[Bishop of Urgell]].
* In the [[Midland Revolt]] against [[Enclosure]]s in England, the term [[Levellers]] is first used.
* Missionary Juan Fonte establishes the first [[Jesuit]] mission among the [[Tarahumara]], in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental|Sierra Madre]] Mountains of Northwest Mexico.</onlyinclude>