Editing 1623 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 21]]
**[[Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland|Viscount Falkland]], England's [[Lord Deputy of Ireland]], issues a proclamation ordering all Roman Catholic priests to leave Ireland, affecting negotiations over the "[[Spanish match]]" (which resume in March).
**[[Voyage of the Pera and Arnhem to Australia in 1623|Voyage of the ''Pera'' and ''Arnhem'' to Australia]]: Captains [[Jan Carstenszoon]] of the ''Arnhem'' and Willem Joosten van Coolsteerdt of the ''Pera'' depart on an expedition for the [[Dutch East India Company]] from [[Ambon, Maluku]] (Amboyna) to explore the Australian coast.  
* [[January]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mbanda Kasi]]: Forces from the [[Kingdom of Kongo]] defeat the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]].
*[[February 7]] &ndash; France, [[Savoy]] and [[Venice]] sign the [[Treaty of Paris (1623)|Treaty of Paris]], agreeing to cooperate in removing Spanish forces from the strategic Alpine pass of [[Valtelline]].<ref>Geoffrey Parker, ''The Thirty Years' War'' (Taylor & Francis, 2006) p. 59</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Thirty Years' War]]: Duke [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I of Bavaria]] becomes [[Prince-elector|Elector]] of the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]].
* [[March 5]] &ndash; The first [[American temperance law]] is enacted, in [[Virginia]].
* [[March 7]] &ndash; Charles, Prince of Wales, the future King [[Charles I of England]], travelling incognito with royal favourite [[George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham|George Villiers]], arrives in [[Madrid]] to pursue negotiations over the "[[Spanish match]]", the Protestant Charles's proposed marriage with the Catholic Habsburg ''[[Infanta]]'' [[Maria Anna of Spain]].
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Amboyna massacre]]: Ten English merchants in the service of the [[British East India Company]], together with nine Japanese and one Portuguese, are executed by agents of the [[Dutch East India Company]] in [[Ambon, Maluku]] (Amboyna).
* [[March 14]] &ndash; In the Korean [[kingdom of Joseon]], [[Deposed Crown Prince Yi Ji|Crown Prince Yi Ji]] is deposed and exiled to [[Ganghwa Island]], where he dies soon after. 
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Richard Frethorne]] begins writing a letter to his parents from [[Jamestown, Virginia]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 11]] &ndash; King [[Gwanghaegun of Joseon]] (in Korea) is deposed in the [[Injo coup]] and succeeded by King [[Injo of Joseon|Injo]].
* [[April 29]] &ndash; A fleet of 11 Dutch ships depart for the coast of [[Peru]], seeking to seize Spanish treasure.
* [[May 5]] &ndash; Raja [[Gaj Singh of Marwar]], along with Mahabat Khan and Parviz Mirza, is deputized by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in India to hunt down Jahangir's rebel son, [[Shah Jahan|Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram]]. The search fails, and Khurram will become the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after Jahangir's death in 1627.  
* [[May 8]] &ndash; A Dutch East India Company party, led by explorer [[Jan Carstenszoon]], fights a skirmish with 200 [[indigenous Australian]] [[Wik peoples]]. 
* [[May 22]] &ndash; After negotiations for the release of English women taken from [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] in the British North American colony of Virginia, conducted between Captain William Tucker of the English settlers and Chief [[Opchanacanough]] of the [[Powhatan Confederacy]] (Tsenacommacah), the English arrange a banquet with the Powhatan, and the drinking of wine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline |url=https://historicjamestowne.org/history/timeline/ |website=Historic Jamestowne}}</ref> The wine is poisoned and many of the Powhatan Indians die, while 50 more are killed while ill. This follows the massacre of 347 English colonists of March 22, 1622, in the [[Indian massacre of 1622|Powhatan uprising]]. Opchanacanough escapes, and the 20 women never return home.<ref>[https://www.historynet.com/powhatan-uprising-of-1622/?f "Powhatan Uprising of 1622"], historynet.com</ref>
* [[June 14]] &ndash; The first [[breach of promise|breach-of-promise]] [[lawsuit]]: Rev. Gerville Pooley, in [[Virginia]], files against Cicely Jordan, but loses.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1623 | title  = Historical Events for Year 1623 | work = OnThisDay.com | date = 2015 | access-date = 11 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[June 29]] &ndash; Première of [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]]'s first play, ''{{lang|es|Amor, honor y poder}}'' (Love, Honor and Power), at the [[Court (royal)|Court]] of [[Habsburg Spain]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory XV]] (Alessandro Ludovisi) dies from a kidney ailment after a reign of a little more than two years.
* [[July 10]] &ndash; The English [[The ships Anne and Little James|ship ''Anne'']] becomes the third vessel to bring settlers to [[Plymouth Colony]],<ref>Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers'' (Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) p. 169</ref> the Puritan settlement in modern-day Massachusetts, carrying more settlers, after the ''[[Mayflower]]'' on November 21, 1620, and the ''[[Fortune (Plymouth Colony ship)|Fortune]]'' on November 9, 1621.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Trịnh Tùng]] is deposed as ruler of the kingdom of [[Đại Việt]] in northern Vietnam after more than 50 years. His son, Trịnh Xuan, burns the palace. Trinh Tung is carried away by his servants in a sedan chair and abandoned in the road to die. Another son, [[Trịnh Tráng]], succeeds to the throne of Đại Việt.
* [[July 16]] &ndash; A [[great conjunction]] of [[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]], with the planets only 5 arc minutes apart, the closest between [[1226]] and 2874. This conjunction likely goes unobserved, as it occurs near the Sun and the telescope has been invented only recently.
* [[July 30]] (probable date) &ndash; The second [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] is celebrated in [[Plymouth Colony]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/fastthanksgiving00love_0/page/84|title=The fast and thanksgiving days of New England|first=William DeLoss|last=Love|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin & Co.|location=Cambridge, Mass.|year=1895|accessdate=2023-01-13}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; The English [[The ships Anne and Little James|ship ''Little James'']] arrives at Plymouth Colony, 26 days after the ''Anne''.<ref>"Troubles with Little James: Edward Winslow’s depositions at High Court of Admiralty", by Caleb Johnson, in ''The Mayflower Quarterly'' (March 2011) p. 51</ref>
* [[August 6]]
** [[1623 papal conclave]]: [[Pope Urban VIII]] (Maffeo Barberini) succeeds [[Pope Gregory XV]], as the 235th [[pope]].
** [[Thirty Years' War]]: Pursued by the army of the [[Catholic League (Germany)]] led by [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly]], the army of the Protestant [[Electoral Palatinate]] led by [[Christian the Younger of Brunswick]] attempts to flee to the [[Dutch Republic]]. Tilly's army catches Brunswick five miles from the border. In the resulting [[Battle of Stadtlohn]], Christian's army is destroyed. This brings the [[Palatinate campaign]] to an end.
* [[August 30]] &ndash; Negotiations, resumed in March, of the planned "[[Spanish match]]" break down.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref> On October 5, [[Charles I of England|Prince Charles]] returns to England from Spain without a bride.
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Murat IV]], age 11, succeeds his deposed uncle [[Mustafa I]] as [[Ottoman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Irene A. Bierman|author2=Rifaʻat Ali Abou-El-Haj|author3=Donald Preziosi|title=The Ottoman City and Its Parts: Urban Structure and Social Order|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZN_VAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=A.D. Caratzas|isbn=978-0-89241-473-4|page=241|language=en}}</ref> Because Murat is a minor, his mother, [[Kösem Sultan]], serves as [[regent]] until 1632.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Kara Mustafa Pasha (governor of Egypt)|Kara Mustafa Pasha]] is replaced as the Ottoman Governor of Egypt on orders of Sultan Murad IV.
* [[October 20]] &ndash; Cardinal [[Antonio Marcello Barberini]] informs [[Galileo Galilei]] that his brother, the newly-enthroned [[Pope Urban VIII]], wishes to receive a visit from Galileo.
* [[October 26]] &ndash; "[[Fatal Vespers]]": 95 people are killed when an upper floor of the French ambassador's house in London collapses under the weight of a congregation attending a mass.<ref>{{cite journal|author-link=Alexandra Walsham|first=Alexandra|last=Walsham|title=Fatal Vespers|journal=[[Past & Present (journal)|Past & Present]]|issue=144|year=1994|pages=36–87|doi=10.1093/past/144.1.36}}</ref> 
* [[November 1]]
**The [[Battle of Anjar]] is fought in modern-day [[Lebanon]] as the Druze emir [[Fakhr al-Din II]] defeats an invasion by Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq, the [[List of rulers of Damascus#Ottoman walis|Ottoman Governor of Damascus]], and takes him prisoner.
**Fire at [[Plymouth Colony]] destroys several buildings.
* [[November 8]]–[[December 5]] &ndash; Publication between these dates in London of the "[[First Folio]]" (''Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies''), a collection of 36 of the plays of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], half of which have not previously been printed.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/><ref>The earlier date is that on which "Copies as are not formerly entred [''sic.''] to other men" are entered in the ''[[Stationers' Register]]''; the later is the first recorded purchase – of two copies at £1 each by antiquarian [[Sir Edward Dering, 1st Baronet|Sir Edward Dering]]. [[Sotheby's]]. ''The Shakespeare First Folio, 1623: The Dr. Williams's Library Copy'', 13 July 2006; "Three Issues" p. 26; auction catalogue research by Peter Selley and Dr. Peter Beal.</ref>
* [[December 4]] &ndash; 50 Christians are executed in [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]], Japan, during the [[Great Martyrdom of Edo]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cieslik |first=Hubert |date=1954 |title=The Great Martyrdom in Edo 1623. Its Causes, Course, Consequences |journal=[[Monumenta Nipponica]] |volume=10 |issue=1/2 |pages=1–44 |doi=10.2307/2382790 |issn=0027-0741 |jstor=2382790}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* In [[British America]]:
** On the coast of Massachusetts Bay, the settlement that will become the City of [[Gloucester, Massachusetts]], is first inhabited by men from [[Dorchester, Dorset]], England.
** On the coast of [[New Hampshire]], the settlement of Hilton's Point, which will become [[Dover, New Hampshire]], is established by men from [[London]], England, the first European settlers in the state.
* The [[1623 Malta plague outbreak]] is contained after killing around 40 people on the island of [[Malta]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Savona-Ventura |first1=Charles |title=Knight Hospitaller Medicine in Malta [1530–1798] |date=2015 |publisher=Self-published |isbn=9781326482220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrA_CwAAQBAJ |page=224}}</ref>
* [[Erotomania]], a [[delusional disorder]], is first mentioned, in a psychiatric treatise.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Ferrand|title=Maladie d'amour ou Mélancolie érotique}}</ref>
* [[Johannes Rudbeck]] founds ''Rudbeckianska gymnasiet'', the first [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in [[Sweden]].
* [[Gabriel Bethlen]], Prince of Transylvania, issues an order, dated at Kolozsvár/Klausenburg/[[Cluj]], that allows Jews to settle, trade freely and practice religion in Transylvania, and exempts them from wearing the usual Jewish sign.
* [[Procopius]]' long-lost ''Secret History'' is rediscovered, in the [[Vatican Library]].
* Italian poet [[Giambattista Marini]]'s epic ''L'Adone'' is published in Paris.
* Imprisoned Italian Dominican philosopher [[Tommaso Campanella]]'s utopian ''[[The City of the Sun]]'' is published in Latin (as ''Civitas Solis'') in [[Frankfurt]].
* [[Wilhelm Schickard]] devizes a ''Calculating Clock'', an early [[mechanical calculator]].
* [[Zildjian]] begins the commercial manufacture of [[cymbal]]s in [[Turkey]]. The company will still be operating, from [[Massachusetts]], in the 21st century.</onlyinclude>