Editing 1637 (section)

== Events ==

===January&ndash;March===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Pierre Corneille]]'s [[tragicomedy]] ''[[Le Cid]]'' is first performed, in [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France|France]].
* [[January 16]] &ndash; The [[siege of Nagpur]] ends in the modern-day [[Maharashtra]] state of [[India]], as Kok Shah, the [[Gonds of Deogarh|King of Deogarh]], surrenders his kingdom to the [[Mughal Empire]].
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen]] arrives from the Netherlands to become the Governor of [[Dutch Brazil]], and extends the range of the colony over the next six years.
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Qing invasion of Joseon]]: The Manchu armies of China complete their invasion of northern Korea with the surrender of [[Injo of Joseon|King Injo]] of the [[Joseon|Joseon Kingdom]].
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Tulip mania]] collapses in the [[Dutch Republic]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Leyster | first = Judith | title = Judith Leyster : a Dutch master and her world | publisher = Waanders Publishers Worcester Art Museum | location = Zwolle Worcester, Massachusetts | year = 1993 | isbn = 9789066302709 | page=214 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]] becomes [[Holy Roman Emperor]] upon the death of his father, [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], although his formal coronation does not take place until later in the year.<ref>{{cite book | last = LastName | first = FirstName | title = Britannica concise encyclopedia | publisher = Encyclopaedia Britannica | location = Chicago | year = 2006 | isbn = 9781593394929 | page=666}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Battle off Lizard Point]] &ndash; Off the coast of [[Cornwall]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], a [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish]] fleet intercepts an Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
* [[March 6]] &ndash; The world's first [[opera]] house, ''[[Teatro San Cassiano]]'', opens in [[Venice]] with the premiere of ''L'Andromeda'', with music by [[Francesco Manelli]] and libretto by [[Benedetto Ferrari]].<ref>Mark Ringer, ''Opera's First Master: The Musical Dramas of Claudio Monteverdi'' (Amadeus Press, 2006) p. 130</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; The [[Blessed Virgin]] is proclaimed [[Queen of Genoa]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Hatton | first = Ragnhild | title = Royal and republican sovereignty in early modern Europe : essays in memory of Ragnhild Hatton | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge England New York, NY, USA | year = 1997 | isbn = 9780521419109 | page=294 }}</ref>

===April&ndash;June===
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Plymouth Colony]] grants the "tenn menn of Saugust" a new settlement on Cape Cod, later named [[Sandwich, Massachusetts]].
* [[April 30]] &ndash; King [[Charles I of England]] issues a proclamation, attempting to stem [[emigration]] to the North American colonies.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=177–178|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Pequot War]]: [[Mystic massacre]] &ndash; A band of English settlers under Captain [[John Mason (c. 1600–1672)|John Mason]], and their [[Narragansett people|Narragansett]] and [[Mohegan people|Mohegan]] allies, set fire to a fortified village of the [[Mashantucket Pequot Tribe]] near the [[Mystic River]]. Between 400 and 700 people, mostly women, children and old men, are killed.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vowell|first=Sarah|author-link=Sarah Vowell|title=The Wordy Shipmates|year=2008|publisher=Riverhead Books|isbn=978-1-59448-999-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/wordyshipmates00vowe |pages=190–193}}</ref>
* [[May]] &ndash; Chinese [[encyclopedist]] [[Song Yingxing]] publishes his ''Tiangong Kaiwu'' ("Exploitation of the Works of Nature"), considered one of the most valuable encyclopedias of classical China.
* [[June 27]] &ndash; The first English venture to China is attempted by Captain [[John Weddell]], who sails into port in [[Macau]] and [[Guangzhou|Canton]] during the late [[Ming dynasty]] with six ships. The voyages are for trade, which is dominated here by the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] (at this time combined with the [[Spanish Empire|power of Spain]]). He brings 38,421 pairs of [[eyeglasses]], perhaps the first recorded European-made eyeglasses to enter China.<ref>[[Timothy Brook (historian)|Brook, Timothy]] (1998). ''[[The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China]]'' p. 57. {{ISBN|0520221540}}.</ref>

===July&ndash;September===
* [[July 23]]
** After a court battle, King [[Charles I of England]] hands over title to the North American colony of [[Massachusetts]] to Sir [[Ferdinando Gorges]], one of the founders of [[Plymouth Council for New England]].
** Introduction of a new ''[[Scottish Prayer Book (1637)|Scottish Prayer Book]]'' is met with widespread demonstrations, notably that of [[Jenny Geddes]] at [[St Giles' Cathedral]], [[Edinburgh]], who is said to have thrown a stool at the Dean's head.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey|editor-last1=Hefling|editor-first1=Charles|editor-last2=Shattuck|editor-first2=Cynthia|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-529762-1|last=Spinks|first=Bryan D.|author-link=Bryan D. Spinks|chapter=From Elizabeth I to Charles II}}</ref>
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Adam Olearius]], sent along with [[Philipp Crusius]] and [[Otto Brüggemann (merchant)|Otto Bruggemann]] by the German [[Duke of Holstein-Gottorp]] to establish a trade deal with Persia, is welcomed by the Safavid ruler, the [[Safi of Persia|Shah Safi]] at the Persian capital, [[Isfahan]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: A force of 17,000 Spanish troops, led by the [[Spanish Netherlands]] Governor-General, [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria|Don Fernando de Austria]], recaptures the city of [[Venlo]] from the Dutch Republic after [[Siege of Venlo (1637)|a five-day siege]] 
* [[August 29]] &ndash; Fighting in the modern-day West African nation of [[Ghana]], troops of the Dutch West India Company capture the Portuguese territory of the Gold Coast after the five-day [[Battle of Elmina (1637)|Battle of Elmina]].  
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The last five of the "[[16 Martyrs of Japan]]" are executed for illegally attempting to spread Christianity in Japan. [[Lorenzo Ruiz]], [[Guillaume Courtet]], Michael de Aozaraza, Vincent Shiwozuka and Lazarus of Kyoto are all put to death by the slow hanging torture of ''[[ana-tsurushi]]''. They will be canonized 350 years later as saints of the Roman Catholic Church, on October 18, 1987.

===October&ndash;December===
* [[October 13]] &ndash; English [[Royal Navy]] [[first-rate]] [[ship of the line]] {{ship|English ship|Sovereign of the Seas||2}} is launched at [[Woolwich Dockyard]] at a cost of £65,586, adorned from stern to bow with gilded carvings, after a design by [[Anthony van Dyck]].
* [[November 18]] &ndash; The coronation as the new [[Holy Roman Emperor]] of [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, takes place in [[Vienna]]. 
* [[December 17]] &ndash; The [[Shimabara Rebellion]] erupts in Japan, when 30,000 peasants in the heavily [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] area of northern [[Kyūshū]] revolt.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Pierre de Fermat]] makes a [[Mathematical notation|notation]], in a document margin, claiming to have proof of what will become known as [[Fermat's Last Theorem]].
* [[René Descartes]] promotes intellectual rigour in his ''[[Discourse on the Method]]'', and introduces the [[Cartesian coordinate system]] in its appendix ''[[La Géométrie]]'' (published in [[Leiden]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=68}}</ref>
* France places a few missionaries in the [[Ivory Coast]], a country it will rule more than 200 years later.
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] army officer [[Robert Monro]] publishes ''Monro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys'' in London, the first military history in English.<ref>{{cite book | last = Monro | first = Robert | title = Monro, his expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment called Mac-Keys | publisher = Praeger | location = Westport, Conn | year = 1999 | isbn = 9780275962678 |page=xv | language=en}}</ref>
* [[Elizabeth Poole]] becomes the first female founder of a town ([[Taunton, Massachusetts]]) in the Americas.
*[[Richard Norwood]]'s book ''The Seaman's Practice'' is published for the first time.