Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
1639
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 19]] – [[Hämeenlinna]] ({{langx|sv|Tavastehus}}) is granted [[Privilege (law)|privileges]], after it separates from the [[Vanaja (Finland)|Vanaja]] parish, as its own city in [[Tavastia (historical province)|Tavastia]].<ref>[https://docplayer.fi/amp/810803-Hameenlinna-tavastehus-kaupunkiarkeologinen-inventointi.html HÄMEENLINNA - TAVASTEHUS Kaupunkiarkeologinen inventointi] (in Finnish)</ref> *c. [[January]] – The first [[printing press]] in [[British North America]] is started in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], by [[Stephen Daye]]. * [[February 18]] – In the course of the [[Eighty Years' War]], [[Action of 18 February 1639|a sea battle is fought]] in the English Channel off of the coast of [[Dunkirk]] between the navies of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, with 12 warships, and Spain, with 12 galleons and eight other ships. The Spanish are forced to flee after three of their ships are lost and 1,600 Spaniards killed or injured, while the Dutch sustain 1,700 casualties without the loss of a ship.<ref>C.R. Boxer, ''The Journal of Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp'' (Cambridge University Press, 1930) p.24</ref> * [[March 3]] – The early settlement of [[Taunton, Massachusetts]], is incorporated as a town. * [[March 13]] – [[Harvard University]] is named for clergyman [[John Harvard (clergyman)|John Harvard]]. === April–June === * [[April 14]] – In the [[Battle of Chemnitz]], [[Sweden|Swedish]] forces under [[Johan Banér]] inflict a crushing defeat on the army of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], prolonging the [[Thirty Years' War]] and allowing the Swedes to occupy [[Pirna]] and advance into [[Bohemia]]. * [[April 22]] – [[Pope Urban VIII]] issues a papal bull prohibiting slavery in the New World colonies of Spain and Portugal, encompassing most of Latin America. * [[April]] – Italian-born [[Cardinal Mazarin]], apostolic [[nuncio]] to [[Paris]] and adviser to [[Cardinal Richelieu]], is [[Naturalization|naturalized]] French by letters patent; in December, he leaves the service of Rome to enter that of King [[Louis XIII of France]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Lucien|last=Bély|title=L'art de la paix en Europe: naissance de la diplomatie moderne, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|year=2015|isbn=9782130738961}}</ref> * [[May 2]] – After a 40-day siege, the [[Dutch East India Company]] Army captures the [[Fort Fredrick|Trincomalee Fort]] on the island of Ceylon (now [[Sri Lanka]]) from the [[Portuguese Empire]]. * [[May 28]] – King [[Charles I of England]] arrives with his army at [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] as the first of the [[Bishops' Wars]] breaks out between the English Army and the Scottish [[Covenanters]]. <ref name=Gardiner>Samuel Rawson Gardiner, ''The Fall of the Monarchy of Charles I. 1637-1649'' (Longmans, Green, & Company, 1882) p. 224, 243</ref> * [[June 18]] **The [[Treaty of Berwick (1639)|Treaty of Berwick]] is signed between Charles I and the Scots.<ref>{{cite book | last = Peberdy | first = Robert | title = A dictionary of British and Irish history | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc | location = Hoboken, NJ | year = 2021 | isbn = 9780631201540 |page=53|language=en}}</ref> **On the same day, the first battle of the Bishops' Wars is fought by [[William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal|Earl Marischal]] and the [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Marquess of Montrose]] when they lead a Covenanter army of 9,000 men past [[Muchalls Castle]] over the [[Causey Mounth]] to fight at the [[Bridge of Dee]] in Scotland. <ref name=Gardiner/><ref> {{cite book | last = Jaques | first = Tony | title = Dictionary of battles and sieges : a guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the Twenty-first century | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, Conn | year = 2007 | isbn = 9780313335389 | page=650 | language=en}}</ref> === July–September === * [[July 1]] – [[Parthenius I of Constantinople|Parthenius I]] becomes the new leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian church as he is selected as Patriarch of Constantinople, succeeding Cyril II. * [[July 16]] – A revolt in France begins in Normandy with the assassination of tax collector Charles Le Poupinel while he is working in the town of [[Avranches]]. The rebellion is brutally crushed on November 30. * [[August 22]] – The British [[East India Company]] buys a strip of land from King [[Peda Venkata Raya]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] for the construction of [[Fort St. George]], the first settlement of [[British India]], so founding modern-day [[Chennai]], capital city of the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]] (celebrated as [[Madras Day]]).<ref>Roberts, J. (1994). ''History of the World.'' Penguin</ref> * [[September 3]] – The alliance of cantons in [[Switzerland]] known as the [[Three Leagues]] or ''Raetia'' agrees with Spain to bring Italy's [[Valtellina]] area back into the alliance, on the condition that the Catholic faith of the natives be respected. * [[September 18]] – Dutch Navy Admiral [[Maarten Tromp]] introduces the [[line of battle]] tactic in [[action of 18 September 1639|a battle in the English Channel]] against a much larger force of Spanish Navy ships, driving off 67 ships with his fleet of 29. <ref>R. Prud’homme van Reine, ''Schittering en Schandaal: Dubbelbiografie van Maerten en Cornelis Tromp'' (Arbeidspers, 2001) </ref> === October–December === * [[October 31]] – Naval [[Battle of the Downs]]: A [[Republic of the United Provinces]] fleet decisively defeats a Spanish fleet in English waters. * [[November 30]] – In [[Normandy]], the [[revolt of the va-nu-pieds]] is crushed by the troops of French Army Colonel [[Jean de Gassion]] under orders of Armand Jean du Plessis, [[Cardinal Richelieu]], with 300 of the rebels killed. * [[December 4]] – English astronomer [[Jeremiah Horrocks]] makes the first successful prediction and observation of a transit of Venus. === Date unknown === * The [[Casiquiare canal]], a river forming a natural channel between the [[Amazon River]] and [[Orinoco River]] basins, is first encountered by Europeans, an expedition led by [[Pedro Teixeira]] and [[Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña]]. * French nobleman [[Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière]] obtains the [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneurial]] title to the island of [[Montreal]] in [[New France]] (modern-day [[Quebec]]) in the name of the [[Société Notre-Dame de Montréal]] to establish a Roman Catholic [[Christian mission|mission]] to [[Evangelism|evangelize]] [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|indigenous peoples]]. * Russian [[Cossacks]] advance over the [[Urals]] to the Pacific, to [[Okhotsk]]. * ''[[Sakoku]]'', the [[Isolationism|isolationist]] [[foreign policy of Japan]], comes fully into effect. ** [[Dejima]], an island trading post off [[Nagasaki]], becomes the only official port of trade allowed for [[Europeans]], with the multi-national [[United East Indies Company]] (''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie'') as the only European party officially allowed. Trading parties from China, India and other places are still officially allowed, though the VOC will become the usual [[broker]] for them. ** Japanese wives and children of Dutch and British people from [[Hirado]] are sent to [[History of Jakarta#Dutch East India Company (1610–1800)|Batavia]] (Asian headquarters of the VOC, renamed [[Jakarta]] by the Japanese around three centuries later) on Dutch ships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hirado-net.com/english/history.html#mixed%20blood|title=平戸観光協会|History|access-date=2014-07-10}}</ref> * The [[Treaty of Zuhab]] is signed between the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman (Turkish) Empire]] and [[Safavid Persia]], delineating the modern [[Turkey]]-[[Iran]] and [[Iraq]]-Iran border lines.</onlyinclude>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)