Editing 1657 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Miles Sindercombe]] and his group of disaffected [[Levellers]] are betrayed in their attempt to assassinate [[Oliver Cromwell]] by blowing up the [[Palace of Whitehall]] in London and are arrested.<ref name="british-civil-wars timelines">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1657.htm|title=1657|work=British Civil Wars. Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638-60|date=2010-06-07|access-date=2012-02-17|archive-date=May 9, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162328/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1657.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* January 29 &ndash; [[Rule of the Major-Generals]] (regional military government) in England is abolished.<ref name="CBH1657">{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=187–188|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Resettlement of the Jews in England]]: [[Oliver Cromwell]] gives [[Antonio Fernandez Carvajal]] the assurance of the right of Jews to remain in England.
* [[February 23]] &ndash; In England, the ''[[Humble Petition and Advice]]'' offers Lord Protector [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]] the crown.<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=John|last=Morrill|author-link=John Morrill (historian)|title=Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6765|access-date=2012-02-17|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/6765}}</ref>
* [[March 2]] &ndash; The [[Great Fire of Meireki]] in [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]], Japan, destroys most of the city and damages [[Edo Castle]], killing an estimated 100,000 people.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Blusse|first1=Leonard|last2=Vaillé|first2=Cynthia|year=2005|title=The Deshima Dagregisters, Volume XII 1650-1660|location=Leiden}}</ref>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)]]: By the [[Treaty of Paris (1657)|Treaty of Paris]], France and England form an alliance against Spain;<ref name="Cassell's Chronology267268">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/267 267–268]}}</ref> England will receive [[Dunkirk]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 20]]
** [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)|Anglo-Spanish War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657)|Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife]]: English Admiral [[Robert Blake (admiral)|Robert Blake]] attempts to seize a [[Spanish treasure fleet]].
** The Jews of [[New Amsterdam]] (later New York City) are granted [[freedom of religion]], as full citizens.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=American Zionism from Herzl to the Holocaust|last=Urofsky|first=Melvin I.|journal=The SHAFR Guide Online|publisher=Brill|year=2022|doi=10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim110060068|doi-broken-date=April 19, 2025 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/the-shafr-guide-online/*-SIM110060068|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Lord Protector]] [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]] confirms his refusal of the crown of England, preferring the title "[[Lord Protector]]".<ref name="british-civil-wars timelines"/>
* [[June 1]]
** King [[Frederick III of Denmark]] signs a manifesto, ''de facto'' declaring [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–58)|war]] on [[Sweden]].
** The first eleven [[Quaker]] settlers arrive in [[New Amsterdam]] (later New York City), and are allowed to practice their faith.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 13]] &ndash; Following his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to [[Oliver Cromwell]], English army leader [[John Lambert (general)|John Lambert]] is ordered to resign his commissions.<ref name="british-civil-wars timelines"/>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The ship ''Les Armes d'Amsterdam'' arrives at [[Quebec]], [[New France]]. Among the passengers is Michel Mathieu Brunet ''dit'' Lestang (1638–1708), colonist, explorer and co-discoverer of modern-day [[Green Bay, Wisconsin]], and ancestor of the Brunet, Lestang and Carisse families of North America.
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Brandenburg-Prussia|Brandenburg]] and [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] sign the [[Treaty of Wehlau]].
* [[September 24]] &ndash; The first [[autopsy]] and [[coroner's jury]] verdict in the [[Colony of Maryland]] are recorded.
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Shah Jahan]] becomes ill, allowing his son to take control of the [[Mughal Empire]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Raalte]]: [[William III of England|William III, Prince of Orange]] is no longer [[stadtholder]] of [[Overijssel]].
* [[October 3]] &ndash; French troops occupy [[Fort-Mardyck|Mardyck]].
* [[November 6]] &ndash; Brandenburg and Poland sign the [[Treaty of Bromberg]].
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Christina, Queen of Sweden|Christina, former Queen regnant of Sweden]], has Gian Rinaldo [[Monaldeschi]] killed in her presence, at the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]].
* [[December 27]] &ndash; The [[Flushing Remonstrance]] is signed in [[New Amsterdam]], at the site of the future ([[1862]]) [[Flushing Town Hall]] in New York City.

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Accademia del Cimento]] is founded in [[Florence]], Italy.
* England's first chocolate house is opened in London<ref>{{cite web |title=Chocolate Arrives in England |url=http://www.cadbury.co.uk/cadburyandchocolate/historyofchocolate/Pages/chocengland.aspx |publisher=[[Cadbury]] |access-date=2012-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202030731/http://www.cadbury.co.uk/cadburyandchocolate/historyofchocolate/Pages/chocengland.aspx |archive-date=February 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and introduction of [[Tea in the United Kingdom|tea in England]]<ref>{{cite book|first=William H.|last=Ukers|title=All About Tea|volume=I|url=https://archive.org/details/AllAboutTeaV2|location=New York|publisher=The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal|year=1935|page=38}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{google books|id=_TR_PQAACAAJ|page=169|plainurl=yes}}|title=The True History of Tea|last1=Mair|first1=Victor H.|last2=Hoh|first2=Erling|publisher=Thames & Hudson|location=London; New York|year=2009|isbn=978-0-500-25146-1|page=169}}</ref> while [[coffee]] is introduced to France.
* [[Christiaan Huygens]] writes the first book to be published on [[probability theory]], ''De ratiociniis in ludo aleae'' ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance").
* [[Andreas Gryphius]]' drama ''[[Katharina von Georgien]]'' is published in [[Breslau]].
* [[Thomas Middleton]]'s tragedy ''[[Women Beware Women]]'' (c. 1623–24) is published posthumously in London.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology267268"/></onlyinclude>