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== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 6]] – The [[Fifth Monarchists]], led by [[Thomas Venner]], unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; [[George Monck]]'s [[Coldstream Guards|regiment]] defeats them. * [[January 29]] – The [[Rokeby baronets]], a [[British nobility]] title is created.<ref>{{cite web |title= Leigh Rayment's list of baronets |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021184256/http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage.htm |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[January 30]] – The body of [[Oliver Cromwell]] is exhumed and subjected to a [[posthumous execution]] in London, along with those of [[John Bradshaw (judge)|John Bradshaw]] and [[Henry Ireton]]. * [[February 5]] – The [[Shunzhi Emperor]] of the Chinese [[Qing Dynasty]] dies, and is succeeded by his 7-year-old son the [[Kangxi Emperor]]. * [[February 7]] – [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]], who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brother [[Aurangzeb]], then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence at [[Arakan]].<ref>D. G. E. Hall, ''History of South East Asia'' (The Macmillan Press, 1955) p. 422</ref> * [[February 14]] – [[George Monck]]’s regiment becomes ''The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards'' in England (which later becomes the [[Coldstream Guards]]). * [[March 9]] – Following the death of his mentor, [[Cardinal Mazarin|Cardinal Jules Mazarin]], who had been Minister of State since before the birth of King [[Louis XIV of France]], King Louis, now 22, starts to rule independently without need for a regent. * [[March 23]] – General [[Koxinga|Zheng Chenggong]] of China, known as "Koxinga" leads an invasion of the island of [[Taiwan]], at the time under the control of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC), bringing 25,000 soldiers and sailors on hundreds of boats to claim the territory. === April–June === * [[April 7]] – The [[siege of Fort Zeelandia]], the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) headquarters on the Chinese island of [[Taiwan]] (near modern [[Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan City]]) is started by Koxinga and his invading force from China.<ref>{{citation |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |title=How Taiwan Became Chinese : Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century |date=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780231128551 |url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/ |chapter=Chapter 11: The Fall of Dutch Taiwan|chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/andrade11.html}}</ref> * [[April 23]] (May 3 N.S.) – King [[Charles II of England]], [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]] is crowned in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Price | first = Curtis | title = Purcell studies | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge England New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780521441742 | page=245 | language=en}}</ref> * [[May 8]] – The "[[Cavalier Parliament]]", the longest serving Parliament in British history, is opened following the first parliamentary elections since the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The first session of the House of Commons and the House of Lords lasts until June 30 and then reopens on November 20. The Cavalier Parliament continues meeting, without new elections, until being dissolved on January 24, [[1679]]. * [[May 11]] – The Indian city and territory of [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] is ceded by Portugal to England in accordance with the [[dowry]] of King Joao IV of Portugal for the marriage of his daughter Catherine to King Charles II of England. * [[May 17]] – Leaders of the [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples|indigenous Taiwanese]] villages in the plains and mountains of the Dutch-ruled island begin surrendering to the Chinese forces led by [[Koxinga]] and agreeing to hunt down and execute Dutch people on the island.<ref>Hsin-hui Chiu, ''The Colonial 'civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1662'' (BRILL, 2008) p. 222</ref> * [[May 27]] – The [[Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll|Marquess of Argyll]], one of the first of the Scottish-born people sentenced to death as a [[regicide]] for his role in the conviction and execution of King Charles I of England and Scotland in 1649, is beheaded at the Tolbooth Prison in [[Edinburgh]] using the "[[Maiden (guillotine)|Scottish Maiden]]," almost immediately after his conviction of collaboration with the government of [[Oliver Cromwell]]. His head is then placed on a spike outside the prison. * [[June 1]] – At Edinburgh, the public execution of Presbyterian minister [[James Guthrie (minister)|James Guthrie]], followed by Captain [[William Govan]], takes place at the [[Mercat Cross, Edinburgh|Mercat Cross]] at Parliament Square, days after both have been convicted of treason for their roles in the execution of King Charles I. The heads are severed from the corpses and displayed on spikes in the square. * [[June 3]] – [[Pye Min]], younger brother of King [[Pindale Min]] of [[Toungoo dynasty|Burma]], leads a bloody coup d'etat and ascends the throne. Pindale Min and his family (including his primary wife, a son and a grandson) are drowned in the [[Chindwin River]].<ref>[[Damrong Rajanubhab]], ''Our Wars With the Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539–1767'' (1914, reprinted White Lotus Co. Ltd., 2001)</ref> Pye Min reigns until 1672. * [[June 14]] – General [[Koxinga|Zheng Chenggong]] of China takes control of most of the island of [[Taiwan]] from the Dutch East India Company and proclaims the [[Kingdom of Tungning]], with himself as the ruler. * [[June 23]] – The "[[Marriage Treaty]]" is signed between representatives of King [[Charles II of England]] and King [[John IV of Portugal|João IV of Portugal]], providing a military alliance between the two kingdoms and a marriage between Charles of the [[House of Stuart]] and João's daughter Catherine of the [[House of Braganza]] on May 21, 1662. The treaty also sets the transfer of Portuguese territory in India (at [[Mumbai|Bombay]]) and in North Africa ([[English Tangier|Tangier]]) to England as well as military aid from England to Portugal. * [[June 28]] – The innovative [[Lisle's Tennis Court|Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre]] opens in London with the first system for interchangeable scenery on a stage in the British Isles, and a production of [[William Davenant]]'s opera ''[[The Siege of Rhodes]]''. === July–September === * [[July 1]] – The [[Russo-Swedish War (1656–58)|war between the empires of Russia and Sweden]] is ended with the signing of the [[Treaty of Cardis]] in what is now the [[Estonia]]n city of [[Kärde]]. Russia returns those portions of [[Swedish Livonia|Livonia]] and [[Ingria]] that it had taken earlier from [[Sweden]]. * [[August 6]] – [[Portugal]] and the [[Dutch Republic]] sign the [[Treaty of The Hague (1661)|Treaty of The Hague]], whereby the Dutch Republic's South American colony of [[Dutch Brazil|Nieuw-Holland]] is sold to Portugal for the equivalent of roughly {{convert|63000|kg}} of gold, and incorporated into [[Brazil]]. The territory includes much of what will later become the Brazilian states of [[Ceará]], [[Maranhão]], [[Paraíba]], [[Pernambuco]] and [[Rio Grande do Norte]]. Among the major Dutch settlements lost are Mauritsstad ([[Recife]]), Fort Schoonenborch ([[Fortaleza]]), Nieuw-Amsterdam ([[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]]), and Frederikstadt ([[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]]). * [[September 5]] – [[Nicolas Fouquet]], the [[Superintendent of Finances]] for [[France]], is arrested in [[Nantes]] and charged with embezzlement of the state treasury. Spared the death penalty by a jury, Fouquet spends the rest of his life in prison until his death in 1680. === October–December === * [[October 6]] – [[Guru Har Krishan]] becomes eighth of the ten [[Sikh guru]]s, and at age 5 the youngest, following the death of his father [[Guru Har Rai]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Mohindar Pal Kohli|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: Testimony of Conscience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3H1XAEqCOqAC&pg=PA12 |year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-234-2|pages=12–13}}</ref> * [[October 31]] – [[Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha]] is appointed as the new [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] at the request of his late father, the Grand Vizier [[Köprülü Mehmed Pasha]], serving under the Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] for 15 years and continuing the [[Köprülü family]] dynasty whose members will serve as Viziers until 1711. * [[November 4]] – Polish and Lithuanian forces, led by [[John II Casimir Vasa|King Jan II Kazimierz]] (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) defeat the Russian Army at the [[Battle of Kushliki]]. * [[December 14]] – Prince [[Murad Bakhsh]], younger brother of the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]], is executed at Gwailor Fort on order of his brother. * [[December 16]] – [[Abraham Cowley]]'s comedy ''[[The Cutter of Coleman Street]]'' premieres at the [[Lisle's Tennis Court|Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse]] in [[London]] as a production of the [[Duke's Company]]. * [[December 21]] – General [[Wu Sangui]] of [[Qing dynasty|China]] arrives in Burma with 20,000 troops and demands that the Burmese surrender [[Zhu Youlang|Yongli]], the last of the [[Ming dynasty]] rulers of Southern China before the [[Qing dynasty]] consolidated its rule. Burma's King [[Pye Min]] hands Yongli over to General Wu on January 15, and Yongli is subsequently executed. * [[December 24]] – The Indian city of [[Kollam|Quilon]] (now Kollam in the [[Kerala]] state), ruled by Portugal since [[1498]], is captured by the Dutch East India Company. === Date unknown === * The first modern bank notes are issued in [[Stockholm]], Sweden. * [[Great Clearance]] in China: evacuation of [[Guangdong]] is required.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wang|first=Rigen|date=2000|title=元明清政府海洋政策与东南沿海港市的兴衰嬗变片论|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/41358737.pdf|journal=The Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History|language=zh-cn|issue=2|pages=1–7}}</ref></onlyinclude>
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