Editing 1663 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 10]] &ndash; The [[Royal African Company]] is granted a [[Royal Charter]] by [[Charles II of England]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/270|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/270 270]}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Ghilajharighat]] is signed in [[India]] between representatives of the [[Mughal Empire]] and the independent [[Ahom Kingdom]] (in what is now the Assam state), with the Mughals ending their occupation of the Ahom capital of [[Garhgaon]], in return for payment by Ahom in silver and gold for costs of the occupation, and King [[Sutamla]] of Ahom sending one of his daughters to be part of the harem of Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].
* [[February 5]] &ndash; An [[1663 Charlevoix earthquake|earthquake estimated at least 7.3 magnitude]] strikes [[Canada]]'s [[Quebec Province]].
* [[February 8]] &ndash; English pirates led by [[Christopher Myngs]] and [[Edward Mansvelt]] carry out the [[Sack of Campeche (1663)|sack of Campeche]] in Mexico, looting the town during a two week occupation that ends on February 23. <ref>David Marley, ''Pirates of the Americas'' (ABC-CLIO, 2010), p. 299</ref>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; The army of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Kingdom of Siam]] (now [[Thailand]]) captures [[Chiang Mai]] from the [[Toungoo dynasty|Kingdom of Burma]] (now [[Myanmar]]), using it as a base for launching a larger attack on the Burmese coast in November.
* [[March 4]] &ndash; The [[Prince Edward Islands]] in the [[sub-antarctic]] [[Indian Ocean]] are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam, of the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] ship ''Maerseveen'', and named ''Dina'' (Prince Edward) and ''Maerseveen'' (Marion).<ref>Leupe, Pieter Arend Leupe (1868). "De eilanden Dina en Maerseveen in den Zuider Atlantischen Oceaan" in: ''Verhandelingen en berigten betrekkelijk het zeewezen, de zeevaartkunde, de hydrographie, de koloniën en de daarmede in verband staande wetenschappen'', Deel 28, Afd. 2, [no.] 9 (Amsterdam) pp. 242-253.</ref>
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Sai of Japan|Emperor Go-Sai]]'s reign ends, and [[Emperor Reigen of Japan|Emperor Reigen]] ascends to the throne of [[Japan]].
* [[March 24]] &ndash; King [[Charles II of England]] issues the Charter of Carolina, establishing the [[Province of Carolina]], and dividing it between eight [[Lords Proprietors]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 17]] &ndash; The Ottoman Empire [[Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)|declares war]] against [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]], beginning the Austro-Turkish War.
* [[May 7]] &ndash; The [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane|King's Theatre]], now called "Drury Lane", opens in [[London]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[June 7]] &ndash; Under the pretext of working out a treaty with Dutch settlers in the colony of [[New Netherland]], the [[Esopus people|Esopus tribe]] of the [[Lenape|Delaware people]] enter the fortress at Wiltwijck (now the U.S. city of [[Kingston, New York]]) and stage a surprise attack.  Unbeknownst to the Wiltwijck residents, another group of Esopus warriors had destroyed the village of Nieu Dorp (now [[Hurley, New York]]) earlier in the day.  The episode begins the [[Esopus Wars#Second Esopus War|Second Esopus War]].
* [[June 8]] &ndash; The Portuguese and some English auxiliaries defeat the Spanish Army in the [[Battle of Ameixial]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; King Charles II of England grants [[John Clarke (1609–1676)|John Clarke]] a [[Rhode Island Royal Charter|Royal Charter]] for the American colony of [[Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[July 19]] &ndash; Acting as intermediaries between the Dutch and Esopus war parties, a group of three [[Mohawk people|Mohawk Indians]] obtain the release of the first four hostages who had been taken hostage in the Esopus attack on Wildwyck, two women and two children. <ref name=Kregier>Captain Martin Kregier, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811121007/http://www.hudsonrivervalley.org/library/pdfs/articles_books_essays/EsopusJournal1663.pdf "Journal of the Second Eposus War"] (1663), translated by HudsonRiverValley.org, archived by The Wayback Machine </ref>
* [[July 27]] &ndash; The [[Parliament of England|English Parliament]] passes the [[Navigation Acts|second Navigation Act]], requiring that all goods bound for the [[Thirteen Colonies|American colonies]] have to be sent in [[England|English]] ships from English ports.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Oratam]], leader of the [[Hackensack people|Hackensack tribe]] of the [[Lenape|Lenape nation]], meets in [[New Amsterdam]] (now New York City) with Weswatewchy, Memshe and Wemessamy, three chiefs of the [[Munsee|Monsiyok]] tribe, to ask for the Hackensacks to supply a cannon to defend their fort, and to confirm that the Monsiyok are not allied with the other major division of the Lenape, the [[Esopus people|Esopus tribe]]. <ref>"The Minisink Settlements: Native American Identity", by Robert S. Grumet, in ''The People of Minisink: Papers from the 1989 Delaware Water Gap Symposium'', ed. by David G. Orr and Douglas V. Compana (National Park Service, 1991) p. 184 </ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; Concerned about the wintry weather, the [[Parliament of England]] holds an intercessory fast.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J. M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref>
* [[August 28]] &ndash; In an unseasonably cold summer, severe frost hits [[England]].
[[File:Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg|100px|thumb|1663 flag of Sweden]]
* [[September 5]] &ndash; Dutch Captain Martin Kregier and Lieutenant Couwenhoven lead an attack against the Esopus Indians from the right and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. In the battle, near what is now [[Mamakating, New York]], Chief Papequanaehen and 14 other Esopus warriors are killed, along with seven civilians; three Dutch soldiers are killed, but 23 Dutch prisoners are rescued.  <ref name=Kregier/>
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Diego de Salcedo]] becomes the new [[Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines]], replacing [[Sabiniano Manrique de Lara]], who had served for more than 10 years.  Salcedo is overthrown in 1668.  
* [[September 13]]
**The [[Gloucester County Conspiracy]], the first [[slave rebellion]] in British North America, is foiled after one of the plotters, John Birkenhead, reveals the plan of African slaves and English indentured servants to kill their masters.  Birkenhead is freed by his master as a reward for betraying the rebels.  
**After a [[Siege of Érsekújvár (1663)|siege of more than a month]], the Hungarian fortress at [[Érsekújvár]] (now [[Nové Zámky]] in [[Slovakia]]) surrenders to the [[Ottoman Empire]].  In accordance with the treaty of surrender negotiated by the Hungarian commander, Count [[Ádám Forgách]], the European residents are allowed free passage to Austria, and the Ottoman Grand Vizier, [[Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha|Fazil Ahmed Pasha]] provides a document certifying that the fort's defenders fought bravely.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 12]] &ndash; The [[Farnley Wood Plot]], a conspiracy in the English county of [[West Yorkshire]] to overthrow the recently-restored monarchy and to return to the military rule that had been established by the late Oliver Cromwell, fails when only 26 men gather at [[Farnley, Leeds|Farnley]]. The group is arrested and 21 of the rebels are later executed for treason.   
* [[October 16]] &ndash; With 2,000 men under his command, [[Petar Zrinski]], the [[Ban of Croatia|Viceroy]] of [[Croatia]] within the Holy Roman Empire, defeats a much larger force of 8,000 Ottoman soldiers in the [[Battle at Jurjeve Stijene]], near the modern town of [[Otočac]].  The Croatians lose 10 soldiers killed; the Ottoman invasion force suffers over 1,500 deaths.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; The Kingdom of Sweden adopts a law creating the flag in use in the nation now, a yellow [[Nordic cross]] on a blue background.  The original version, used as a state flag and on ships, had three pennants. <ref>Svante Svärdström, ''Rikets vapen och flagga'' (''The coat of arms and flag of the kingdom'' (Swedish Royal Armory, 1960) pp. 23-48</ref>
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy]] is appointed by King Louis XIV of Frances as the new [[List of governors general of the French Antilles|Governor General of the French West Indies]] as the colonies of [[Saint-Domingue]], [[Saint Martin (island)|Saint Martin]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Dominica]], [[Saint Barthélemy]], and [[Saint Croix]] are put under a unified rule for the colonies in the Caribbean Sea for the first time since 1651.
* [[November 24]] &ndash; The General Court of Commissioners for Rhode Island and Providence Plantations convenes for the final time, meeting in [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]] to formally receive the Rhode Island Royal Charter issued on July 8 by King Charles II.
* [[December 12]] &ndash; The [[Dutch Republic]] prohibits practice of the common law custom of ''[[jus naufragii]]'', the doctrine that permitted people to seize property that had washed ashore on their land after a shipwreck.
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba|Queen Ana Nzinga]] of the [[Kingdom of Ndongo]] and the [[Kingdom of Matamba]], both located in the northern part of what is now the [[Republic of Angola]] in Africa, dies after a 39-year reign in Ndongo and 32 years after conquering Matamba.  She is succeeded by her sister, [[Barbara of Matamba|Barbara Mukambu Mbandi]], who rules for less than three years.
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Jacob Hustaert]] becomes the new [[Governor of Dutch Ceylon]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Prix de Rome]] scholarship is established in France for students of the arts. 
* The first [[Maroon (people)|Maroon]] community arises in [[Suriname]].
* [[Robert Hooke]] discovers that cork is made of "tiny little rooms", which he first calls "[[Cell (biology)|Cell]]s".<ref>''[[Micrographia]]'' ([[1665]]).</ref>
* Publication at [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] of the "''[[Eliot Indian Bible]]''" (''Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God''), which becomes the first complete [[Bible]] published in the [[Americas]], a translation by English-born [[Puritan]] missionary [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] of the [[Geneva Bible]], from English into the [[Massachusett language]] (Natic or Wômpanâak) variety of the [[Algonquian languages]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bibles/other-bibles.html#obj12|title=The Eliot Indian Bible: First Bible Printed in America|work=Library of Congress Bible Collection|year=2008|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=2014-12-02}}</ref></onlyinclude>
* [[Baruch Spinoza]] publishes ''[[Principia philosophiae cartesianae]]'' which is the only book he would publish under his name, in his life.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nadler |first=Steven M. |author-link=Steven Nadler 
|title=Spinoza: A Life |year=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-44246-6 |edition=2nd|pp=243-245}}</ref>