Editing 1664 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Battle of Surat]] in India: The [[Maratha]] leader, Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]], defeats the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Army]] Captain Inayat Khan, and sacks [[Surat]].
* [[January 7]] &ndash; Indian entrepreneur [[Virji Vora]], described in the 17th century by the English East India Company as the richest merchant in the world, suffers the loss of a large portion of his wealth when the Maratha troops of Shivaji plunder his residence at Surat and his business warehouses.
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Jesuit]] missionary [[Johann Grueber]] arrives in [[Rome]] after a 214-day journey that had started in [[Beijing]], proving that commerce can be had between Europe and Asia by land rather than ship.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The Treaty of Pisa is signed between France and the Papal States to bring an end to the [[Corsican Guard Affair]] that began on August 20, 1662, when the French ambassador was shot and killed by soldiers in the employ of Pope Alexander VII. 
* [[February 14]] &ndash; A peace treaty is signed in [[Turin]] in [[Italy]] to end the [[Savoyard–Waldensian wars#War of the Banished|War of the Banished]] between the [[Duchy of Savoy]] and the [[Waldensians]].
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy]], appointed by King [[Louis XIV]] of [[France]] as Lieutenant Général of the Americas, departs from the port of [[La Rochelle]] with 1,200 men and seven ships to expand France's property in the Caribbean Sea and in South America.  
* [[March 12]] &ndash; King [[Charles II of England]] makes royal charter for territory in North America that leases to his brother, [[James II of England|James, Duke of York]], a patent for a large amount of land in what is now the northeastern United States.  According to the Charter, James receives "all that part of the mayne land of [[New England]]" between "[[Nova Scotia|New Scotland in America]]" and the river of Kenebeque", along with "Mattowacks or [[Long Island]]" and "Martins Vineyard and Nantukes", and the lands between the "[[Connecticut River|Connecticutte]] and [[Hudson River|Hudsons]] rivers" and the lands "from the west side of "[[Connecticut River|Connecticutte]] to the east side [[Delaware Bay|De la Warre Bay]]".  The lease, which includes the territory claimed by the Dutch Republic as [[New Netherland]] is for most of the U.S. state of [[Maine]] and parts of [[Connecticut]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]] and [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>Robert C. Ritchie, ''The Duke's Province: A Study of New York Politics and Society, 1664-1691'' (University of North Carolina Press, 2012) p. 18</ref> 
* [[March 19]] &ndash; Polish astronomer [[Johannes Hevelius|Jan Heweliusz]] becomes the first native of Poland to be inducted into England's Royal Society.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 14]] &ndash; All grants to the Compagnie des Isles de l'Amerique for development of French-claimed islands in the Caribbean Sea are revoked by King [[Louis XIV]], including the rights to the islands of [[Martinique]] and [[Saint Lucia]] that had been sold to [[Marie Bonnard du Parquet]] prior to her death in 1659.
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Juan Alonso de Cuevas y Dávalos]] is appointed as the new Roman Catholic Archbishop of Mexico by [[Pope Alexander VII]], to allow Archbishop [[Mateo de Sagade de Bugueyro]] to return to [[Spain]].  Archbishop Cuevas is installed on November 15 upon his arrival in Mexico City.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Robert Hooke]] discovers [[Jupiter]]'s [[Great Red Spot]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jupiter – The Great Red Spot|url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/jupiter/greatredspot.shtml|work=Enchanted Learning|access-date=2011-11-24}}</ref>
* [[May 12]] &ndash; The original version of ''[[Tartuffe]]'', a comedy by French playwright and actor [[Molière]], is given its first performance, staged at the [[Palace of Versailles]]
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Guerin Spranger]], commander of the Dutch fortress at [[Cayenne]] in South America, surrenders without a fight to French commander [[Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy]] and 1,200 employees of the [[Compagnie de la France équinoxiale]], giving France control of the territory that becomes the colony of [[French Guiana]].  {{sfn|Southey|1827|p=48}}
* [[May 28]] &ndash; King Louis XIV of France establishes the Compagnie des Indes Occidentales by royal decree to replace the recently cancelled Compagnie des Isles de l'Amerique.
* [[June 3]] &ndash; In the city of [[Mantua]] in [[Italy]], the world's oldest continuously published private newspaper, ''[[Gazzetta di Mantova]]'', publishes its first-known issue. The newspaper would celebrate its 350th anniversary in [[2014]].<ref>[https://nicedie.eu/home/calendario/il-3-giugno-1664-nasce-il-piu-antico-giornale-del-mondo-ancora-in-edicola-gazzettino-mantova.html "Il 3 giugno 1664 (forse anche prima) nasce il più antico giornale del mondo ancora in edicola"] ("On the 3rd day of June 1664 (perhaps even earlier) the oldest newspaper in the world still on newsstands was born"), Nicedie.eu</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=5 The top oldest newspapers|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-260871225.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610083636/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-260871225.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-06-10|newspaper=[[Liverpool Echo]]|location=England|date=July 8, 2011}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)|siege of the Croatian fortress]] at [[Novi Zrin]] (located near the village of [[Donja Dubrava, Međimurje County|Donja Dubrava]] in [[Croatia]] near its border with [[Hungary]]).  After a 32-day defense, the Croatian defenders surrender to troops of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[Kronenbourg Brewery]] (Brasseries Kronenbourg) is founded in [[Strasbourg]].
* [[June 24]] &ndash; The [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] carries over to North America as soldiers of the English Army invade the Dutch colony of [[New Netherland]], promised by King Charles II of England to his brother, the Duke of York.  By October, the Dutch Republic surrenders the colony to the English and New Netherland (and its largest city, [[New Amsterdam]]) are renamed in honor of York.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)|Battle of Saint Gotthard]]: The [[Ottoman Empire]] is defeated by a [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] army, led by [[Raimondo Montecuccoli]], leading to the [[Peace of Vasvár]].
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[John Lisle|Sir John Lisle]], a former member of the English House of Commons who had been designated a [[regicide]] for his role in signing the death warrant in the execution in [[1649]] of [[Charles I of England]], is assassinated in a church courtyard in [[Lausanne]] in Switzerland.  Lisle had gone into exile after the [[Stuart Restoration|restoration of the monarchy in 1660]].  The shooting of Lisle, done on order of [[King Charles II of England|King Charles II]], is carried out by a team led by royal agent [[James Fitz Edmond Cotter|James Cotter]]. 
* [[August 27]] &ndash; The [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]] (''Compagnie des Indes Orientales'') is founded.
* [[September 8]] (August 29 O.S.) &ndash; [[Peter Stuyvesant]], [[Director-General of New Amsterdam|Director-General]] of the [[Dutch Republic]] [[colony]] of [[New Netherland]], surrenders [[New Amsterdam]] to an English naval squadron, commanded by Colonel [[Richard Nicolls]], without bloodshed. The English promptly rename the fledgling city [[New York City|New York]], after the [[James II of England|Duke of York (later King James II)]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History|last=Homberger|first=Eric|year=2005|page=34|publisher=Owl Books|isbn=0-8050-7842-8}}</ref>
* [[September 23]] &ndash; The French Navy ship [[French ship Tigre (1642)|''Tigre'']] sinks off of the coast of the island of [[Sardinia]], with the loss of 64 men.  Another 58 of the crew are rescued.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[New Netherland]] is [[Conquest of New Netherland|captured]] by England.
* [[October 28]] &ndash; The "[[James II of England|Duke of York and Albany]]'s maritime regiment of foot" is formed in London and serves as a precursor to the [[Royal Marines]] of the United Kingdom.
* [[October 31]] &ndash; Surrounded by a [[Berber people|Berber]] army, the [[French Navy]] evacuates the presidio of [[Jijel]], a Mediterranean Sea port in what is now the Republic of Algeria, after having captured it from the [[Ottoman Algeria|Algiers Regency]] on June 12.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; The oldest hospital in India, the [[Government General Hospital]], is opened at [[Madras]] by the English [[East India Company]] for the treatment of ill soldiers.
* [[November 17]] &ndash; Lithuanian colonist [[Jacob Kettler]], [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia|Duke of Courland]], gives up all of his rights to his African colony at [[Kunta Kinteh Island|St Andrew's Island]] in the [[Gambia River]] to representatives of King Charles II, in return for keeping possession of the Caribbean island of [[Tobago]].
* [[December 3]] &ndash; The English warships [[HMS Nonsuch (1660)|HMS ''Nonsuch'']] and [[HMS Phoenix (1660)|HMS ''Phoenix'']] are wrecked in a storm at [[Gibraltar]].
* [[December 20]] &ndash; All but 3 members of the over 200-person crew of the Dutch ship ''[[Kennemerland (1664)|Kennemerland]]'' are killed when the trade ship sinks in a storm near the [[Out Skerries]] islands off of the coast of [[Scotland]].

=== Date unknown ===
* Austere reforms introduced in the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[La Trappe Abbey]] in Normandy by Armand de Rancé, origin of the [[Trappists]].<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Rancé, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de|volume=22|page=885}}</ref>
* [[John Evelyn]]'s ''[[Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber]]'' is published in [[London]], in book form.</onlyinclude>