Editing 1672 (section)

== Events ==
[[File:Jan_de_Baen-_De_lijken_van_de_gebroeders_de_Witt.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[August 20]]: [[Cornelis de Witt|Cornelis]] and [[Johan de Witt]] are killed by a mob in [[The Hague]].]]
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; After the government of [[England]] is unable to pay the nation's debts, [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]] decrees the [[Stop of the Exchequer]], the suspension of payments for one year "upon any warrant, securities or orders, whether registered or not registered therein, and payable within that time, excepting only such payments as shall grow due upon orders on the subsidy, according to the Act of Parliament, and orders and securities upon the fee farm rents, both which are to be proceeded upon as if such a stop had never been made."  The money saved by not paying debts is redirected toward the expenses of the upcoming war with the [[Dutch Republic]], but the effect is for the halt by banks for extending further credit to the Crown. Before the end of the year, the suspension of payments is extended from December 31 to May 31, and then to January 31, 1674.
* [[January 11]] &ndash; The [[Royal Society|Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge]], national science academy for England, elects [[Isaac Newton]] to its membership, and then demonstrates Newton's [[Newtonian telescope|reflecting telescope]] to King Charles II.
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement X]] issues regulations for the prerequisites of removing [[relic]]s of [[saint#Catholic Church|Roman Catholic saints]] from sacred cemeteries, requiring advance approval from the [[Cardinal Vicar]] in Rome before the remains of the saint can be allowed for view.  The Cardinal Vicar is directed to bar regular persons from viewing remains, and to limit inspection to high prelates and to princes.
* [[January 25]] &ndash; The [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane#First theatre: Theatre Royal, Bridges Street (1663)|Theatre Royal]], located at the time on Bridges Street in London, burns down.<ref>Brian Dobbs, ''Drury Lane: Three Centuries of the Theatre Royal, 1663–1971'' (Cassell, 1972) p. 51</ref>  A replacement structure is built on Drury Lane in 1674. 
* [[February 16]] (February 6, 1671 O.S.) &ndash; [[Isaac Newton]] sends a paper for publication regarding his experiments on the refraction of light through glass prisms and makes the first identification of the "[[primary color]]s" of [[light|visible light]] on the [[electromagnetic spectrum]], reporting that "The Original or primary colours are, Red, Yellow, Green, Blew, and a Violet-purple, together with Orange, Indico, and an indefinite variety of Intermediate gradations."<ref>[https://zenodo.org/record/1432118#.YjjdwzjMJEY "A Letter of Mr. Isaac Newton, Professor of the Mathematicks in the University of Cambridge; Containing His New Theory about Light and Colors: Sent by the Author to the Publisher from Cambridge, Febr. 6. 1671/72; In Order to be Communicated to the R. Society"], ''Philosophical Transactions'', February 19, 1671/72</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[William III of England|Willem, Prince of Orange]], the 21-year-old Stadtholder of Gelderland and Utrecht, is approved by the [[States General of the Netherlands|States General of the Dutch Republic]] to command the [[Dutch States Army]] for the impending war with England.  
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Action of 12 March 1672]], a 2-day naval engagement between an English coastal patrol and a Dutch Smyrna convoy off the south coast of England. The English fleet suffers severe damage while most of the Dutch convoy escapes, although one of the Dutch commanders (De Haaze) is killed and one warship taken as a prize (''[[Klein Hollandia]]'') sinks; the latter will be rediscovered in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davies|first=Caroline|title='Remarkable': Eastbourne shipwreck identified as 17th-century Dutch warship|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/27/remarkable-eastbourne-shipwreck-identified-as-17th-century-dutch-warship|access-date=2023-01-27|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2023-01-27}}</ref>
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Charles II of England]] issues the [[Declaration of Indulgence (1672)|Royal Declaration of Indulgence]], suspending execution of [[penal law (Britain)|Penal Laws]] against [[Protestant]] [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformists]] and [[Roman Catholics]] in his realms;<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref> this will be withdrawn the following year under pressure from the [[Parliament of England]].
* [[March 16]] &ndash; At the [[Synod of Jerusalem (1672)|Synod of Jerusalem]], presided over by [[Dositheos II of Jerusalem]], the 68 bishops and representatives from the whole of [[Eastern Orthodox]] Christendom close by approving the Orthodox dogma against the challenge of [[Protestantism]], declaring against "the falsehoods of the adversaries which they have devised against the Eastern Church" and making a goal of "reformation of their innovations and for their return to the catholic and apostolic church in which their forefathers also were."<ref>''The Acts and Decrees of the Synod of Jerusalem, Sometimes Called the Council of Bethlehem, Holden Under Dositheus, Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1672'', translated by J. N. W. B. Robertson (Thomas Baker publishing, 1899) pp. 173-181</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; The [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]] begins as the [[Kingdom of England]] declares war on the [[Dutch Republic]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of France|France]] declares [[Franco-Dutch War|war on the Dutch Republic]], invading the country on [[April 29]].
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale|John Maitland]] becomes Duke of Lauderdale and Earl of March.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Prince-Bishopric of Münster|Münster]] and [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]] begin their invasion of the Dutch Republic; hence 1672 becomes known as ''het [[rampjaar]]'' ("the disaster year") in the [[Netherlands]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Solebay]]: An indecisive sea battle results, between the Dutch Republic, and the joined forces of England and France.<ref name=CBH1672>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=191–192|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[June 12]] &ndash;  [[Battle of Tolhuis]]: French forces under King [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] cross the [[Rhine]] into the Netherlands; the city of [[Utrecht]] is occupied by the [[French Army]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[William III of England|William III of Orange]] is appointed [[Stadtholder]] of [[Holland]] and [[Zeeland]].
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Johan de Witt]], [[Grand Pensionary]] of [[Holland]] and his brother [[Cornelis de Witt]] are killed by an Orangist mob in [[The Hague]].
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[William III of Orange]], Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, dismisses nine of the [[regenten]] who lead cities in the Netherlands, after being granted authority by the States-General.  
* [[September 15]] &ndash; In India, Admiral [[Mai Nayak Bhandari]] of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] captures the island of [[Khanderi]].
* [[September 16]] &ndash; The [[President of the Board of Trade#History|Board of Trade]] is created in England by a merger of the Council of Trade and the Council of Foreign Plantations, both of which had been created by King Charles II in 1660, under the name The Board of Trade and Plantations. The [[Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury|Earl of Shaftesbury]] is appointed as the first Lord of Trade, administering the Board until its dissolution in 1676.
* [[September 26]] &ndash; General [[Raimondo Montecuccoli]], commander of the army of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], joins forces with the Brandenburg troops commanded by [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]] and the two groups assemble at [[Halberstadt]], to attack the French and the bishops of [[Münster]] and [[Cologne]].<ref>Olaf van Nimwegen, ''The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688'' (Boydell Press, 2010) p. 448</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Manuel de Cendoya]], [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]]'s Governor of Florida, breaks ground for the construction of the [[Castillo de San Marcos]], a masonry fortress designed to protect [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]].<ref>Albert C. Manucy, ''The Building of Castello de San Marcos'' (U.S. National Park Service, 2014)</ref>  Governor Cendoya follows on November 9 with the ceremonial laying for the first stone for the foundation.
* [[October 18]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Buchach]], between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], is signed.
* [[November 24]] &ndash; Five-year-old [[Sikandar Adil Shah]] is enthroned as the last [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultan of Bijapur]] (located in southwestern India in what is now the [[Karnataka]] state) upon the death of his father, the Sultan [[Ali Adil Shah II]].  In 1686, the sultanate of Bijapur is conquered and annexed by the Mughal Empire.
* [[November 28]] &ndash; After more than five years of administration of the Treasury of England by a five-member commission, [[Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh|Lord Clifford of Chudleigh]], one of the commission members, becomes the [[List of Lord High Treasurers of England and Great Britain#1660–1689|Lord High Treasurer of England]]. 
* [[December 18]] 
**[[Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp]] ends her regency of the Swedish Empire after more than 12 years, having exercised power in the name of her minor son, [[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles XI]], since the death of her husband [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden|Karl X Gustav]] in 1660.  Hedwig Eleonora had served as the chair of the six-member Regency Council.
**An English invasion force captures the Caribbean island of [[Tobago]] from Dutch colonists and destroys the settlement.
* [[December 23]] &ndash; French astronomer [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] discovers [[Rhea (moon)|Rhea]], a previously-unknown satellite of the planet [[Saturn]].  Rhea is the second-largest overall, and the third [[Moons of Saturn|moon of Saturn]] to be discovered by Earth astronomers, Titan having been found by [[Christiaan Huygens]] on March 25, 1655 and [[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]] by Cassini on October 25, 1671.
* [[December 30]] &ndash; Troops of the Dutch Republic, under the command of [[Carl von Rabenhaupt]], are able to reclaim lost territory for the first time in the [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]], liberating [[Coevorden]], which had been forced to surrender to France on July 1.  The moment, a boost for morale in what is remembered in Dutch history as the ''[[Rampjaar]]'' (the "Disaster Year"), is later memorialized in a painting by [[Pieter Wouwerman]], ''The Storming of Coevorden''.

=== Undated ===
* [[Richard Hoare (banker)|Richard Hoare]] becomes a partner in the [[London]] [[goldsmith]]'s business which, as [[Private bank|private banking house]] [[C. Hoare & Co]]., will survive through to the 21st century.<ref>{{cite book|first=Victoria|last=Hutchings|title=Messrs Hoare, Bankers: a History of the Hoare Banking Dynasty|year=2005}}</ref>
* Foundation of the [[Chorina Comedy]], the first theater in Russia.</onlyinclude>