Editing 1685 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; American-born British citizen [[Elihu Yale]], for whom [[Yale University]] in the U.S. is named, completes his term as the first leader of the [[Madras Presidency]] in [[India]], administering the colony on behalf of the [[East India Company]], and is succeeded by [[William Gyfford]].  
* [[January 8]] &ndash; Almost 200 people are arrested in [[Coventry]] by English authorities for gathering to hear readings of the sermons of the non-conformist Protestant minister [[Obadiah Grew]] 
* [[February 4]] &ndash; A treaty is signed between [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] and the indigenous chiefs at [[Takoradi]] in what is now [[Ghana]] to permit the German colonists to build a third fort on the Brandenburger Gold Coast.  <ref>Ulrich van der Heyden, ''Rote Adler an Afrikas Küste: Die Brandenburgisch-preussische Kolonie Grossfriedrichsburg in Westafrika'' ("Red eagles on the African coast: the Brandenburg-Prussian colony of Grossfriedrichsburg in West Africa") (Selignow, 2001) p. 32</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; Catholic James Stuart, [[Duke of York]], becomes King [[James II of England]] and [[Ireland]], and King [[James VII of Scotland]], in succession to his brother [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] (1660–1685), King of England, Scotland, and Ireland since [[1660]]. James II and VII reigns until deposed, in [[1688]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]], intending to establish a colony near the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]], lands with 200 surviving colonists at [[Matagorda Bay]] on the [[Texas]] coast, believing the Mississippi to be near. He establishes [[Fort Saint Louis (Texas)|Fort St. Louis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=La Salle Expedition|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/upl01|work=The Handbook of Texas Online|access-date=2014-12-19}}</ref>
* [[February]]&ndash;March &ndash; [[Morean War]] (part of the [[Great Turkish War]]): The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ''[[serasker]]'' Halil Pasha invades the [[Mani Peninsula]], and forces it to surrender hostages.
* [[March 28]] &ndash; An attack on a Mughal Empire envoy,  Khwajah Abdur Rahim, outside of the Maratha fortress at the [[Bijapur Fort]] in India leads to a siege of the city by the forces of Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].  The siege lasts for 15 months before Bijapur surrenders. 
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Louis XIV of France]] passes the ''[[Code Noir]]'', allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Wara Dhammaraza]] becomes the new [[Kingdom of Mrauk U|King of Arakan]] on the western coast of [[Burma]] upon the death of his brother, [[Thiri Thuriya]].
* [[April 23]] &ndash; The coronation of King [[James II of England]] (and his Queen Consort, [[Mary of Modena]]) takes place at [[Westminster Abbey]].
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Morean War]] &ndash; [[Battle on Vrtijeljka]]: Advancing Ottoman forces prevail over defending [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] irregulars, on a hill in the [[Sanjak of Montenegro]].
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[The Killing Time]]: Five [[Covenanter]]s in [[Wigtown]], Scotland, notably [[Margaret Wilson (Scottish martyr)|Margaret Wilson]], are executed for refusing to swear an oath declaring [[James II of England|King James of England, Scotland and Ireland]] as head of the church, becoming the ''[[Wigtown martyrs]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wigtown Martyrs|url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/wigtown/martyrs/index.html|work=Undiscovered Scotland|access-date=2011-10-26}}</ref>
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Monmouth Rebellion]]: [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth]], illegitimate son of King [[Charles II of England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]], lands at [[Lyme Regis]] with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands, to challenge his uncle, [[James II of England|James II]], for the Crown of England.<ref name="ODNB Monmouth">{{cite ODNB|first=Tim|last=Harris|title=Scott (Crofts), James, duke of Monmouth and first duke of Buccleuch (1649–1685)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24879|access-date=2011-10-26|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/24879}} </ref>
* [[June 16]] &ndash; A [[lunar eclipse]] is observed in the evening by [[François-Timoléon de Choisy]], amongst others, onboard his ship in the vicinity of Madagascar. The ship was at a latitude of 37 degrees 40 minutes, and the eclipse was not visible from Europe.<ref>{{cite book |last=de Choisy |first=Abbé |title=Journal of a Voyage to Siam: 1685-1686 (Translated and Introduced by Michael Smithies) |year=1993 |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn= 967-65-3026-3|page=89}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Monmouth Rebellion]]: [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth|James, Duke of Monmouth]] declares himself at [[Taunton]] to be King, and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland, and James VII of Scotland.<ref name="ODNB Monmouth"/>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Monmouth Rebellion]]: In the [[Battle of Sedgemoor]], the last [[pitched battle]] fought on [[England|English]] soil, the armies of King [[James II of England]] defeat rebel forces under [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth]], and capture the Duke himself shortly after the battle.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth]], is executed at [[Tower Hill]], London, England.
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: The 49-day [[Siege of Coron (1685)|Siege of Coron]] ends with the surrender and massacre of its garrison by the Venetians.<ref>{{cite book | last=Setton | first=Kenneth Meyer | author-link=Kenneth Setton | title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century | publisher=The American Philosophical Society | location=Philadelphia | year=1991 | isbn=0-87169-192-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C | page = 296}}</ref>
* [[August 25]] &ndash; The [[Bloody Assizes]] begin in [[Winchester]]: [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice of England]] [[George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys|George Jeffreys]] tries over 1000 of Monmouth's rebels and condemns them to death or transportation.
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: The [[Republic of Venice]] defeats an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army at [[Kalamata]].
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The first organised street lighting is introduced by the city of [[London]] in [[England]], as Edward Hemming begins carrying out his contract to be paid for lighting an [[oil lamp]] "at every tenth house on main streets between 6 PM and midnight between September 29 and March 25" on nights in the autumn and winter without adequate moonlight. <ref>Robert O. Bucholz and Joseph P. Ward, ''London A Social and Cultural History, 1550–1750'' (Cambridge University Press, 2012) p. 130 </ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 22]] &ndash; Louis XIV of France issues the [[Edict of Fontainebleau]], which revokes the [[Edict of Nantes]] and declares [[Protestantism]] illegal, thereby depriving [[Huguenot]]s of civil rights. Their Temple de Charenton-le-Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England, Prussia and elsewhere.
* [[November 8]] (October 29 O.S.) &ndash; The [[Edict of Potsdam]] is issued by [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]] in response to France's Edict of Fontainebleau, welcoming the Protestant Huguenots of France to resettle in eastern Germany in Brandenburg.  The [[French Colony of Magdeburg]] is established on December 1 in Saxony as a community separate from [[Magdeburg]].  
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: The [[Republic of Venice]] captures the fortress town of [[Igoumenitsa]] from the [[Ottoman Empire]], and razes it to the ground.
* [[December 3]] &ndash; King [[Charles XI of Sweden]] issues an order banning [[History of the Jews in Sweden|Jews]] from settling in Sweden, particularly in the capital at [[Stockholm]] "on account of the danger of the eventual influence of the Jewish religion on the pure evangelical faith."  <ref> "Sweden", by Gustav Linder, in ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1906) </ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; In what is now [[Thailand]], [[Narai|King Narai]] of [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] signs a treaty with representatives of France at [[Lopburi]], allowing [[Catholic Church in Thailand|Roman Catholic]] missionaries to preach the [[Gospel]] and exempting Thai Catholics from work on Sunday, as well as appointing a special court to settle disputes between Thai Christians and non-Christians.

=== Date unknown ===
* The Chinese army of the [[Qing dynasty]] attacks a Russian post at [[Albazin]], during the reigns of the [[Kangxi Emperor]] and the dual Russian rulers [[Ivan V of Russia]] and [[Peter I of Russia]]. The event leads to the [[Treaty of Nerchinsk]] in 1689.<ref>Roberts,  J: ''History of the World'', Penguin, 1994.</ref>
* [[Adam Baldridge]] founds a pirate base at [[Île Sainte-Marie]], [[Madagascar]].
* [[Alice Molland]] becomes the last known person in England to be sentenced to death for [[witchcraft]], in [[Exeter]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Armbruster|first1=Caroline|editor1-last=Levin|editor1-first=Carole|display-editors=etal|title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives: 1500–1650|year=2016|page=334|chapter=Alice Molland (d.1685)|publisher=Routledge|oclc=949870073}}</ref>
* The [[Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow]] in the State of New York is constructed by the original Dutch settlers (later to become famous as the site of the rampage of the "Headless Horseman" spirit in the novel ''[[The Legend of Sleepy Hollow]]'').</onlyinclude>