Editing 1687 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 3]] &ndash; With the end of latest of the [[Savoyard–Waldensian wars]] in the [[Duchy of Savoy]] between the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as the [[Waldensians]], [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia|Victor Amadeus III]], Duke of Savoy, carries out the release of 3,847 surviving prisoners and their families, who had forcibly been converted to Catholicism, and permits the group to emigrate to Switzerland.
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell]], is appointed as the last [[Lord Deputy of Ireland]] by the English crown, and begins efforts to include more Roman Catholic Irishmen in the administration. Upon the removal of King James II in England and Scotland, the Earl of Tyrconnell loses his job and is replaced by James, who reigns briefly as King of Ireland until William III establishes his rule over the isle.
* [[January 27]] &ndash; In one of the most sensational cases in England in the 17th century, midwife [[Mary Hobry]] murders her abusive husband, Denis Hobry, after he beats her up for the last time. Mary then dismembers his body and scatters the remains in a dunghill and in several [[outhouse]]s (or privies) in the area.  Despite a defense of justifiable homicide, Mary is convicted of murder and burned at the stake.
* [[February 7]] &ndash; The [[Arjeplog blasphemy trial of 1687|Arjeplog blasphemy trial]] begins for Erik Eskilsson and Amund Thorsson, two practitioners of the [[Sami religion]] who had resisted [[Christianization of the Sámi people|Sweden's efforts at their conversion to Christianity]].  Eskilsson and Thorsson are acquitted of the charges after agreeing to convert to Christianity.
* [[February 11]] &ndash; In India, troops under the command of [[Job Charnock]] of the [[East India Company]], preparing to go to war against the Nawab of Bengal, [[Shaista Khan]] of the Mughal empire, destroy his fortresses located at [[Thane|Thana]].  <ref>Lieutenant Colonel D. G. Crawford, ''A Brief History of the Hughli District'' (Bengal Secretariat Press, 1902) p. 18</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The [[Declaration of Indulgence (1687)|Declaration of Indulgence]] is issued in [[Scotland]] by [[James II of England|King James VII]] as one of the first steps in establishing freedom of religion in the British Isles, eliminating enforcement of [[Penal law (British)|criminal penalties]] against persons who failed to conform with Anglicanism.  As King James II of England, he issues a similar declaration on April 4.
* [[March 19]] &ndash; The men under explorer [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]] mutiny, while searching for the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]].   Pierre Duhaut murders La Salle, near what is now [[Navasota, Texas]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 4]] &ndash; King [[James II of England]] issues the [[Declaration of Indulgence (1687)|Declaration of Indulgence]] (or Declaration for the Liberty of Conscience), suspending laws against [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]s and [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=196–197|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Ignatius George II]] becomes [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] [[Patriarch of Antioch]] (or [[April 22]]).<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Barsoum| first1=Ephrem |date=2009|title=History of the Syriac Dioceses|volume=1|publisher=Gorgias Press|translator=Matti Moosa|author-link1=Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first1=George A. |last1=Kiraz |title=Giwargis II, Ignatius|encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition |editor1=Sebastian P. Brock |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=George A. Kiraz |editor3-link=George A. Kiraz |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargis-II-Ignatius|publisher=Gorgias Press |year=2011|access-date=17 September 2020|author-link=George A. Kiraz|page=178}}</ref>
* [[April 26]] &ndash; The Spanish city of [[Guayaquil]] (now part of [[Ecuador]]) is attacked and looted by English and French [[pirate]]s under the command of George Hout (English) and Pierre Le Picard and Francois Groniet (French). <ref>"Intercolonial Friction (1660—1700)", in ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008) p. 308</ref>  Of more than 260 pirates, 35 are killed and 46 were wounded; 75 defenders of the city died and more than 100 are wounded.
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Emperor Higashiyama]] succeeds [[Emperor Reigen]], on the throne of [[Japan]].
* [[June 14]] &ndash; In one of the few actions on land in the [[Anglo-Siamese War]], English sailors on the coast of Mergui in Burma (now [[Myeik, Myanmar]]) are massacred by Siamese troops.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Isaac Newton]]'s ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'', known as the ''Principia'', is published by the [[Royal Society]] of London. In it, Newton describes his law of [[universal gravitation]], explains the laws of [[mechanics]], and gives a formula for the [[speed of sound]]. The writing of ''Principia Mathematica'' ushers in a tidal wave of changes in thought, significantly accelerating the [[Scientific Revolution]] by providing new and practical intellectual tools, and becomes the foundation of modern [[physics]].
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: [[Battle of Patras (1687)|Battle of Patras]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Venice]] defeats the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]], which flee in panic, allowing the Venetians to capture the fortresses of [[Patras Castle|Patras]], [[Rio, Greece|Rio]], [[Antirrio]], and [[Naupactus|Lepanto]] unopposed.
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Great Turkish War]]: [[Battle of Mohács (1687)|Battle of Mohács]] &ndash; The Habsburg imperial army, and allies under [[Charles V, Duke of Lorraine]], defeat the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkish people|Turks]], and enable Austria to conquer most of Ottoman-occupied Hungary.
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: The navy of the [[Republic of Venice]] raids the [[Dalmatia]]n coast, and attacks Ottoman Turkish strongholds in Greece.
* [[September 22]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Golconda]], ordered by Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] of [[India]]'s [[Mughal Empire]] against the capital of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda sultanate]], ends after nine months when a traitor inside the walled city, Sarandaz Khan, opens the first of several entrances into the fortress.  The Sultan [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] is taken prisoner by General [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I|Mir Shahab ud-Din]], and Golconda (now part of [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]] in the [[Telangana]] state). 
* [[September 26]] &ndash; Half of the [[Parthenon]] is destroyed in [[Athens]] after mortar shells are fired by [[Republic of Venice]] forces under the command of [[Francesco Morosini]] in a battle against the [[Ottoman Empire]] for control of the city. The strike ignites a stock of gunpowder that the Ottomans had stored inside the 2,200-year-old temple, which had been completed in [[438 BC]] as a shrine to the goddess [[Athena]]. During the fighting September 23 and September 29 for [[Siege of the Acropolis (1687)|control of the Acropolis]] in the [[Morean War]], the [[Temple of Athena Nike]] is demolished and the [[Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens)|Propylaea]] suffers damage.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 20]] &ndash; An estimated [[1687 Peru earthquake|8.7 magnitude earthquake]] strikes {{convert|50|km}} off of the coast of [[Peru]] and kills at least 5,000 people, primarily from a [[tsunami]] that washes away the city of [[Pisco, Peru|Pisco]] and causes severe damage to the Spanish colonial cities of Lima, Callao and Ica.  <ref>[http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/emile/PDF/EAO178.pdf "Evaluation of Tsunami Risk from Regional Earthquakes at Pisco, Peru"], by Emile A. Okal, José C. Borrero and Costas E. Synolakis, ''Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America'' (2006) pp. 1634-1648</ref>
* [[October 31]] &ndash; The legend of the [[Charter Oak]] begins as a successful attempt to hide the 1662 Royal Charter of the British colony (and now a U.S. state) of [[Connecticut]] after [[Edmund Andros]], the Governor of the [[Dominion of New England]], makes a mission of attempting to confiscate the founding documents for the seven colonies that make up the new administrative area.  After Governor Andros arrives in Hartford and comes to the tavern of Zachariah Sanford to demand the Connecticut Colony charter, Captain Joseph Wadsworth spirits the parchment away from the and hides the Charter in a hollowed out portion of a white oak tree on Wyllys Hyll until Andros is recalled to London.  <ref>[https://connecticuthistory.org/hiding-the-charter-images-of-joseph-wadsworths-legendary-action/ "Hiding the Charter: Images of Joseph Wadsworth’s Legendary Action"], ConnecticutHistory.org</ref>
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire|Suleiman II]] succeeds the deposed [[Mehmed IV]], as [[Ottoman Emperor]].
* [[December 31]] &ndash; In response to the revocation of the [[Edict of Nantes]] in [[1685]], a group of [[Huguenot]]s set sail from France, and settle in the recently established Dutch colony at the [[Cape of Good Hope]], where, using their native skills, they establish the first South African vineyards.
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