Editing 1688 (section)

== Events ==
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate [[Raveneau de Lussan]] and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of [[Ocotal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Lussan |first1=Raveneau |last2=Wilbur |first2=Marguerite Eyer |title=Raveneau de Lussan, buccaneer of the Spanish Main and early French filibuster of the Pacific |date=1930 |publisher=The Arthur H. Clark company |pages=251, 257–262 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b721060&view=1up&seq=271&q1=seventy |access-date=6 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[January 5]] &ndash; Pirates [[Charles Swan (pirate)|Charles Swan]] and [[William Dampier]] and the crew of the privateer ''Cygnet'' become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abbott |first1=J.H.M. |title=The story of William Dampier |date=1911 |publisher=Angus & Robertson Ltd. |pages=55–56|location=Sydney |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-39403686/view?partId=nla.obj-39409291#page/n56/mode/1up |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>  
* [[January 11]] &ndash; The [[Patta Fort]] and the [[Avandha Fort]], located in what is now [[India]]'s [[Maharashtra]] state near [[Ahmednagar]], are captured from the [[Maratha clan]] by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan.  The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Ilona Zrínyi]], who has defended the [[Palanok Castle]] in [[Hungary]] from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General [[Antonio Carafa (general)|Antonio Caraffa]].
* [[January 29]] &ndash; Madame [[Jeanne Guyon]], French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guerrier |first1=Louis |title=Madame Guyon: sa vie, sa doctrine et son influence, d'après les écrits originaux et des documents inédits |date=1881 |publisher=H. Herluison |pages=158, 170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmorAAAAYAAJ&q=septembre%201688 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] (January 20, 1687 old style) &ndash; [[James II of England|King James II]] of England and Scotland issues [[Acts of grace (piracy)#1687/8 proclamation|a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates]] in the West Indies who surrender to [[Robert Holmes (Royal Navy officer)|Sir Robert Holmes]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brigham |first1=Clarence Saunders |title=British royal proclamations relating to America, 1603-1783 |date=1911 |publisher=American Antiquarian Society |location=Worcester |page=140 |url=https://archive.org/details/royalproclamations12brigrich/page/140/mode/2up |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[February 7]] &ndash; Six French Jesuit scientists, [[Joachim Bouvet]], [[Jean-François Gerbillon]], [[Louis-Daniel Lecomte]], [[Guy Tachard]], [[Claude de Visdelou]] and the leader, [[Jean de Fontaney]], arrive in [[Beijing]] and are welcomed by the [[Kangxi Emperor|Emperor of China, Kangxi]].<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723b.htm "Joachim Bouvet"], The Catholic Encyclopedia online, NewAdvent.org</ref>
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[James Renwick (Covenanter)|James Renwick]], the last of the [[Covenanters]] in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]], is publicly hanged at [[Grassmarket]] square in [[Edinburgh]]. 
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Abaza Siyavuş Pasha]], the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]], is assassinated by the [[Janissary|Janissaries]], the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.
* [[February 28]] &ndash; The French opera ''[[David et Jonathas]]'', composed by [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], is performed for the first time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Letellier |first1=Robert Ignatius |title=The Bible in Music |date=23 June 2017 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-6848-8 |page=306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVwpDwAAQBAJ&dq=David+et+Jonathas+%2228+february+1688%22&pg=PA306 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 1]] &ndash; A great fire devastates [[Bungay]], [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kirby |first1=John |title=The Suffolk Traveller |date=1764 |publisher=J. Shave |location=London |page=157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c34_AQAAMAAJ&dq=fire+bungay+%221+march+1688%22&pg=PA157 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[William Dampier]] makes the first recorded visit to [[Christmas Island]], now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Francesco Morosini]] becomes [[Doge of Venice]].<ref name="NE">{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century |date=1991 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-192-7 |page=346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C&dq=Francesco+Morosini+%223+april+1688%22&pg=PA346|access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|346}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Romanin |first1=Samuele |title=Storia documentata di Venezia: Tomo VII |date=1858 |publisher=Naratovich |page=491 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHQ5AAAAcAAJ&dq=Francesco+Morosini+%223+aprile+1688%22&pg=PA491 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: The Venetian forces under [[Francesco Morosini]] evacuate [[Athens]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bearman |first1=P. |last2=Bianquis |first2=Th. |last3=Bosworth |first3=C.E. |last4=van Donzel |first4=E. |last5=Heinrichs |first5=W.P. |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=1986 |publisher=Brill |page=739 |url=https://archive.org/details/ei2-complete/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_vol_1_A-B/page/739/mode/2up?q=athens |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Piraeus]].
* [[April 18]] (Julian calendar) &ndash; The Germantown ''Quaker Protest Against Slavery'' is drafted by four [[Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=II |first1=Edwin Wolf |title=Germantown and the Germans|date=1983 |publisher=The Library Company of Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-914076-72-8 |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmzfBuX1Z2QC&dq=%22april+18+1688%22+Quaker+Protest+Against+Slavery&pg=PA11 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 4]] &ndash; King [[James VII and II|James II of England]] orders his [[Declaration of Indulgence (1687)|Declaration of Indulgence]], suspending penal laws against [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], to be read from every [[Anglican]] pulpit in England.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Killeen |first1=Kevin |last2=Smith |first2=Helen |last3=Willie |first3=Rachel |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early Modern England, C. 1530-1700 |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-968697-1 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAM7CgAAQBAJ&dq=Declaration+of+Indulgence+%224+may+1688%22&pg=PA442 |access-date=8 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Church of England]] and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on [[June 8]] the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[William Sancroft]], is imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]] for refusing to proclaim it.
* [[May 9]] (April 29 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Friedrich Wilhelm]], the ''Great Elector'' of [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], dies.<ref name="FE">{{cite book |last1=Maurice |first1=C. Edmund |title=Life of Frederick William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg |date=1926 |publisher=G. Allen & Unwin ltd. |page=177 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008725684&view=1up&seq=183&q1=1688 |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> [[Frederick I of Prussia|Friedrich III]] becomes [[Prince-elector|Elector]] of Brandenburg-Prussia until [[1701]], when he becomes the first King of [[Prussia]], as Friedrich I.
* [[May 10]] &ndash; King [[Narai]] of [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Ayutthaya]] nominates Princess [[Sudawadi]] as his successor, with [[Constantine Phaulkon]], Mom Pi and [[Phetracha]] acting as joint regents.<ref name="NA">{{cite book |last1=Cruysse |first1=Dirk van der |title=Siam and the West, 1500-1700 |date=2002 |publisher=Silkworm Books |location=Chiang Mai |isbn=978-974-7551-57-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/siamwest150017000000cruy/page/444/mode/2up?q=%2210+may%22 |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|444}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smithies |first1=Michael |title=Robert Challe and Siam |journal=Journal of the Siam Society |date=1993 |volume=81 |issue=1 |page=97 |url=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/03/JSS_081_1f_Smithies_RobertChalleAndSiam.pdf |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 17]] &ndash; The arrest of King [[Narai]] of Ayutthaya launches a [[Siamese revolution of 1688|coup d'état]].
* [[June 5]] 
**A [[1688 Sannio earthquake|7.0 magnitude earthquake]]<ref>{{cite web |title=5 June 1688 earthquake |url=https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/event/16880605_1530_000 |website=www.emidius.eu |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref> strikes southern Italy at 6:30 in the evening and kills at least 10,000 people in the [[Kingdom of Naples]] in what is now the [[province of Benevento]].
**[[Constantine Phaulkon]] is beheaded after having been arrested in May.<ref name="CP">{{cite thesis |last=Strach III |first=Walter J. |date=2004 |title=Constantine Phaulkon and Somdet Phra Narai: Dynamics of Court Politics in Seventeenth Century Siam |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/18f5fa01-b83e-45e2-b981-639c319b7045/content |type=M.A  |publisher=University of Hawai'i |pages=1–2 |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash; The birth of [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] (later known as the ''Old Pretender''), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife [[Mary of Modena]], at [[St James's Palace]] in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; French forces under [[Chevalier de Beauregard]] abandon their garrison at [[Mergui]], following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boucheron |first1=Patrick |last2=Gerson |first2=Stéphane |title=France in the World: A New Global History |date=9 April 2019 |publisher=Other Press, LLC |isbn=978-1-59051-942-4 |page=374 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7r9kDwAAQBAJ&dq=Chevalier+de+Beauregard+mergui+24+june+1688&pg=PA374 |access-date=8 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 30]] &ndash; A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the ''[[Invitation to William|Immortal Seven]]'') invite Dutch [[stadtholder]] [[William III of England|William III of Orange]] and [[Mary II of England|Princess Mary]] to "defend the liberties of England", and depose [[James II of England|King James VII and II]].<ref>{{cite book |title=In Their Own Words 2: More letters from history |date=6 September 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84486-524-6 |pages=56–57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEptDwAAQBAJ&dq=immortal+seven+william+ii+%2230+june+1688%22&pg=PT57 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 13]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Negroponte (1688)|siege of Negroponte]] by the Venetians begins.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Kevin |title=Castles of the Morea |date=1 June 2006 |publisher=ISD LLC |isbn=978-1-62139-028-2 |page=183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aha1EAAAQBAJ&dq=Siege+of+Negroponte++13+july+1688&pg=PA183 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Phetracha]] becomes king of [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Ayutthaya]], after a [[Siamese revolution of 1688|coup d'état]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Touche |first1=de La |last2=Verquains |first2=Jean Vollant des |title=Three Military Accounts of the 1688 'revolution' in Siam |date=2002 |publisher=Orchid Press |isbn=978-974-524-005-6 |page=184 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQdvAAAAMAAJ&q=crowned |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; The funding of the [[Glorious Revolution|armed invasion]] of [[William III of England|William III]] in England causes a financial crisis in the Dutch Republic.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NCvyi5_m6ScC&dq=crash+amsterdam+august+1688&pg=PA353| title = The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact by Jonathan Irvine Israel| isbn = 9780521544061| last1 = Israel| first1 = Jonathan Irvine| date = October 30, 2003| publisher = Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Great Turkish War]]: The Habsburg army [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|captures Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amedoski |first1=Dragana |title=Belgrade 1521-1867 |date=26 December 2018 |publisher=Istorijski institut |isbn=978-86-7743-132-7 |pages=80–81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JF6LDwAAQBAJ&q=%20%226%20september%201688%22 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] publishes his manifesto ''Memoire de raisons'', which lists his grievances and demands. He cites three major things as grievances: [[Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg]], who had been earlier elected to be the coadjutor-archbishop of Cologne with support of Louis being vetoed by the [[Pope Innocent XI|pope]], the continued aggressions and forming of alliances against France and providing an alternative to Fürstenberg in the Cologne election by the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and [[Philip William, Elector Palatine|Philip William]] becoming Elector Palatine and seizing the territory, which he believed belonged to [[Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine|Elizabeth Charlotte]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=XIV |first1=Louis |title=The French King's memorial to the Emperor of Germany |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A49229.0001.001/1:2.2?rgn=div2;view=fulltext |access-date=10 June 2023 |date=1688}}</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; The [[War of the Grand Alliance|Nine Years' War]] begins in [[Europe]] and [[United States|America]] after [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] [[Siege of Philippsburg (1688)|attacks Philippsburg]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mijers |first1=Esther |last2=Onnekink |first2=David |title=Redefining William III : the impact of the king-stadholder in international context |date=2007 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Aldershot |isbn=978-0-7546-5028-7 |page=55 |url=https://archive.org/details/redefiningwillia0000unse/page/54/mode/2up?q=%2227+september%22 |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 21]] &ndash; The Venetians raise the [[Siege of Negroponte (1688)|siege of Negroponte]].<ref name="NE" />{{rp|358}}
* [[October 26]] &ndash; King [[James II of England]] dismisses his [[Minister (government)|minister]] [[Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kenyon |first1=John Philipps |title=Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, 1641-1702 |date=1975 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport |isbn=978-0-8371-8150-9 |page=226 |url=https://archive.org/details/robertspencerear0000keny/page/226/mode/2up |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 11]] (November 1 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; [[Glorious Revolution]]: [[William III of Orange]] sets sail a second time from [[Hellevoetsluis]], the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from [[King James II of England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jardine |first1=Lisa |title=Temptation in the Archives |date=2015 |publisher=UCL Press |location=London |isbn=9781910634097 |page=18 |url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/33203/548010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ormrod |first1=David |last2=Rommelse |first2=Gijs |title=War, Trade and the State: Anglo-Dutch Conflict, 1652-89 |date=2020 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-78327-324-9 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAo7EAAAQBAJ&dq=Hellevoetsluis+%2211+november+1688%22&pg=PA115 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 15]] (November 5 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; The Glorious Revolution begins: [[William III of England|William of Orange]] lands at [[Torbay]], England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoppit |first1=Julian |authorlink=Julian Hoppit|title=A Land of Liberty?: England 1689-1727 |date=22 June 2000 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-158652-1 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKWpDgAAQBAJ&dq=william+20,000+%225+november+1688%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save [[Protestantism]] and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on [[London]].
* [[November 19]] (November 9 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; William of Orange captures [[Exeter]], after the magistrates flee the city.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Longmate |first1=Norman |title=Island fortress : the defence of Great Britain 1603-1945 |date=2001 |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |isbn=978-0-7126-6813-2 |page=108 |url=https://archive.org/details/islandfortressde0000long/page/108/mode/2up?q=exeter |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 20]] (November 10 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; The [[Wincanton Skirmish]] between forces loyal to James II led by [[Patrick Sarsfield]] and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wauchope |first1=Piers |title=Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War |date=1992 |publisher=Irish Academic Press |location=Dublin |isbn=978-0-7165-2476-2 |pages=36–39 |url=https://archive.org/details/patricksarsfield0000wauc/page/36/mode/2up |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; A group of 1,500 [[Old Believers]] [[Self-immolation|immolate]] themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the [[Peter I of Russia|tsar]] lay [[siege]] to their [[monastery]] on [[Lake Onega]].
* [[November 26]] &ndash; Hearing that William of Orange has landed in [[England]], [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] declares war on the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Modelski |first1=George |title=Documenting Global Leadership |date=18 June 1988 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-10227-3 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGuuCwAAQBAJ&dq=%2226+november+1688%22+louis+xiv+holy+roman+empire&pg=PA189 |access-date=10 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[File:Derry Guildhall Tercentenary Window of The Honourable The Irish Society Detail The shutting of the gates 7 December 1688 A.D. 2019 08 29.jpg|thumb|upright|[[December 7]]: The shutting of the gates in [[Derry]] in a stained glass window of the [[Guildhall, Derry|Guildhall]]<ref>{{cite journal |first=Billy |last=Kelly |title=THE GUILDHALL: Derry's Museum in Glass |journal=History Ireland |volume=17 |issue=6 |date=2009 |pages=66–69 |jstor=40588462}}</ref>]] The gates of [[Derry]] are shut in front of the Jacobite [[Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim|Earl of Antrim]] and his "redshanks".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=James Seaton |last2=Killen |first2=William Dool |last3=Alexander |first3=Samuel Davies |title=History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland |date=1860 |publisher=Robert Charter & Brothers |location=New York |page=232 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofpresbyt00reid/page/232/mode/2up?q=%227th+of+december%22 |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> This initiates the [[siege of Derry]], which is the first major event in the [[Williamite War in Ireland]].
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
* [[December 11]] &ndash; Having led his army to [[Salisbury]] and been deserted by his troops, [[James II of England|James VII and II]] attempts to flee to France.
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[William III of England|William of Orange]], Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Israel |first1=Jonathan Irvine |title=The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact |date=30 October 2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54406-1 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCvyi5_m6ScC&dq=william+of+orange+london+%2218+december+1688%22&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Austria]]ns incite the [[Chiprovtsi Uprising]] against the [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottomans]] in [[Bulgaria]] after the [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|siege of Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cholov |first1=Petar |title=Chiprovskoto vystanie 1688 g. - 9 |url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/chipr/chipr_9.html |website=macedonia.kroraina.com |access-date=10 June 2023|language=bg}}</ref>
* [[Neuruppin]] becomes a [[Prussia]]n [[Garrison|garrison town]].
* The earliest known mention of the [[balalaika]] is made.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ekkel |first1=Bibs |title=Complete Balalaika Book |date=18 August 2011 |publisher=Mel Bay Publications |isbn=978-1-61065-566-8 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Al2JNQLvpc4C&dq=Balalaika+%221688%22&pg=PA89 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Oroonoko]]'', one of the first English novels and the first by a professional female author ([[Aphra Behn]]) is published.</onlyinclude>