Editing 1690 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 2]] – The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbian rebels and Austrian troops in battle at [[Kaçanik Gorge]], prompting [[Great Migrations of the Serbs|more than 30,000 Serb refugees to flee]] northward from Kosovo, Macedonia and Sandžak to the Austrian Empire. 
* [[January 6]] – At the age of 11 years old, [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Prince Joseph]], son of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]], is named as "[[King of the Romans]]", the next in line to become the Emperor.
* [[January 7]] – The first recorded full peal is rung, at [[St Sepulchre-without-Newgate]] in the [[City of London]], marking a new era in [[change ringing]].
* [[January 13]] – Captain [[Thomas Pound]], after being captured with his crew the previous month, is tried in Boston and found guilty of piracy although he is later reprieved.<ref>John Henry Edmonds, ''Captain Thomas Pound'', (Cambridge: Wilson & Son University Press, 1918) pp. 38-39.</ref>
* [[January 27]] 
** The crew of the ship HMS ''Welfare'', commanded by [[John Strong (mariner)|John Strong]], become the first European people to land at the [[Falkland Islands]].<ref>Robert K. Headland, ''A Chronology of Antarctic Exploration'' (Quaritch, 2009)</ref> 
** [[William Coward (pirate)|William Coward]] is hanged for acts of piracy, following his capture after seizing the ketch ''Elenor'' anchored in Boston Harbor the previous year.
** The Convention Parliament is dissolved in England.
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* [[February 6]] – King [[William III of England]] calls for new [[1690 English general election|elections]] for the 512-member [[2nd Parliament of William III and Mary II|House of Commons]]
* [[February 8]] – The [[Schenectady massacre]] takes place in the village of [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]] in the [[Province of New York|colony of New York]], when 200 [[New France|Frenchmen]], [[Mohawk nation|Mohawk]] and [[Algonquin people|Algonquin]] warriors kill or capture most of the inhabitants in retaliation for the [[Lachine massacre]].
* [[February 21]] – The opera ''[[Orphée (Louis Lully)|Orphée]]'' by [[Louis Lully]] receives its first performance at the Académie Royale de Musique (the [[Paris Opera]]).
* [[March 10]] – An annular [[solar eclipse]] is visible across the south of the Pacific Ocean.<ref name="EclipsewiseSe1690mar10aprime">{{Cite web|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1601-1700/SE1690Mar10Aprime.html|title=EclipseWise - Annular Solar Eclipse of 1690 Mar 10|website=eclipsewise.com|author=Fred Espenak|accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref>
* [[March 20]] – The [[2nd Parliament of William III and Mary II]] is assembled in London, split almost equally with 243 Whigs, 241 Tories, and 28 independent members.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 6]] – [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]] issues a document inviting Serbians to resettle in [[Hungary]], at this time a part of the Empire.<ref>''Thinking about Yugoslavia: Scholarly debates about the Yugoslav breakup and the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo'' (Cambridge University Press, 2005) p. 206</ref> 
* [[April 16]] – An estimated [[Lists of earthquakes#Largest earthquakes by country/territory|8.0 magnitude earthquake]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-04-15|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Lists of earthquakes#Largest earthquakes by country/territory|reason= The anchor (Largest earthquakes by country/territory) [[Special:Diff/1239611323|has been deleted]].|diff_id=1239611323}} strikes in the Caribbean Sea less than {{convert|10|mi}} from [[Barbuda]] and also affects St. Kitts and Nevis, as well as Antigua.<ref>[https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1119 "Significant Earthquake Information: 1690 April 16], NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</ref>
* [[April 25]] – The [[Parliament of Scotland]] passes an Act to abolish [[episcopy]] in the presbyterian [[Church of Scotland]]. The Anglican [[Scottish Episcopal Church|Episcopal Church in Scotland]] continues as a separate denomination, retaining bishops.
* [[April 27]] – Sultan Toloko ibn-Sibori becomes the new [[Sultanate of Ternate|Sultan of Ternate]], located on the [[Maluku Islands]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]] after the death of his father, Sultan [[Sibori Amsterdam]].
* [[May 16]] – The [[Battle of Port Royal (1690)|Battle of Port Royal]] takes place in [[Nova Scotia]] after an invasion by a militia of 446 soldiers and 226 sailors from the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] on seven warships. With only 90 French colonial soldiers to defend [[Port-Royal (Acadia)|Port-Royal]], Acadian Governor [[Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval]] surrenders before the end of the day.
* [[May 20]] – [[Kingdom of England|England]] passes the Act of Grace, forgiving followers of the deposed [[James II of England|James II]].
* [[June 8]] – Siddi general Yadi Sakat razes the [[Mazagon Fort]] in [[Mumbai]].
* [[June 14]] – King [[William III of England]] (William of Orange) lands in [[Ireland]] to confront James II.
* June – An earthquake in Brazil of estimated magnitude 7, with [[epicenter]] on the left bank of the [[Amazon River]] about 45 km downstream from [[Manaus]], spreads [[seismic wave]]s through the forest and is felt up to 1000&nbsp;km away.<ref name="Veloso">{{Cite journal|journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências|first=Alberto V.|last=Veloso|title=On the footprints of a major Brazilian Amazon earthquake|year=2014|volume=86|issue=3|pages=1115–1129|doi=10.1590/0001-3765201420130340 |issn=1678-2690|url=https://www.scielo.br/j/aabc/a/G75f3MwNwJWtpSFTmdjWHsC/?lang=en&format=pdf}}</ref>

=== July–September ===
* [[July 10]] (June 30 O.S.) – [[Battle of Beachy Head (1690)|Battle of Beachy Head]]: the Anglo-Dutch navy is defeated by the French, giving rise to fears of a [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] invasion of England.
* [[July 11]] (July 1 O.S.) – [[Battle of the Boyne]] in Ireland: King [[William III of England]] (William of Orange) defeats the deposed [[James II of England|James II]], who returns to exile in [[France]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology285">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/285|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/285 285]}}</ref> The rebellion in Ireland continues for a further year until the Orange army gains full control.
* [[July 26]] – A French landing party raids and burns [[Teignmouth]] in [[Devon]], England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England.
* [[August 24]] – In [[India]], the [[fort]] and trading settlement of [[Sutanuti]] is founded  on the [[Hooghly River]] by the [[English East India Company]], following the signing of an Anglo-[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] treaty.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology285"/>
* [[September 25]] – The only issue of ''[[Publick Occurrences]]'' is published in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], before being suppressed by the colonial authorities.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 6]]
**[[Massachusetts]] [[Puritan]]s, led by Sir [[William Phips]], besiege the city of [[Quebec]]; the siege ends in failure after six days.
**An earthquake with strength 5.2 occurs in [[Caernarfon]], [[Wales]], causing tremors that can be felt as far away as London and Dublin.<ref name="BbcE8c10f15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/e8c10f15-510f-3e76-966b-dafcab3ba427|title=BBC Blogs - Wales - Earthquakes in Wales|website=bbc.co.uk|date=June 21, 2012 |accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref><ref name="OakeleyarmsEarthquake">{{Cite web|url=https://oakeleyarms.co.uk/earthquake-in-wales/|title=Earthquake in Wales|website=Oakeley Arms|author=Daydream Designs|date=May 31, 2015 |accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref>
* [[October 8]] – [[Great Turkish War]]: The Ottomans [[Siege of Belgrade (1690)|recapture Belgrade]].
* [[October 16]] – [[Lawrence Justinian]] (1381–1456) and [[John of Sahagún]] (c. 1430–79) are [[Canonization|canonized]] by [[Pope Alexander VIII]].<ref name="Catholic">{{Cite web|url=https://catholic.net/op/articles/1650/cat/1205/-saint-lawrence-giustiniani.html|title=Catholic.net - Saint Lawrence Giustiniani|website=catholic.net|accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref><ref name="CatholicSt">{{Cite web|url=https://catholic.net/op/articles/2543/cat/1205/st-john-of-sahagun.html|title=Catholic.net - St. John of Sahagun|website=catholic.net|accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] – The play ''Amphitryon'' by [[John Dryden]], based on [[Molière]]'s [[Amphitryon (Molière)|1668 play of the same name]], receives its first performance at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], [[London]].
* [[November 7]] – The opera ''Énée et Lavinie'' (''Aeneas and Lavinia'') by the French composer [[Pascal Collasse]] receives its first performance at the Académie Royale de Musique (the [[Paris Opera]]).
* [[November 9]] – Near [[South Mimms]], England, several highwaymen stop a convoy carrying taxes from the [[Midlands]] to [[London]] and take £15,000.<ref name="Southmimms-Pc9Th">{{Cite web|url=https://www.southmimms-pc.org.uk/9th-november-1690-highway-robbery/|title=9th November 1690 Highway Robbery – South Mimms Parish Council|website=southmimms-pc.org.uk|date=November 9, 2019 |accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref>
* [[November 17]] – [[Barclays]], which will continue to be active into the 21st century as a multinational bank and lending institution, is founded in [[London]] by John Freame and Thomas Gould as Freame & Gould. The bank changes its name in 1736 when James Barclay becomes a partner.  
* [[December 4]] – A destructive earthquake in the [[Eastern Alps]] causes 24 casualties and results in damage in the [[Villach]], [[Carinthia]] area.<ref name="EmidiusIi">{{Cite web|url=https://emidius.mi.ingv.it/RHISE/ii_9eis/ii_9eis.html|title=RHISE VOL. 2 - Eisinger and Gutdeutsch, The Villach Earthquake of December 4th, 1690 in the German Sources.|website=emidius.mi.ingv.it|accessdate=October 5, 2022}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] –Playwright [[Henry Nevil Payne]] is tortured for his role in the [[Montgomery Plot]] to restore [[James II of England|James II]] to the throne — the last time a political prisoner is legally subjected to torture in Britain.<ref>"Judicial Torture, the Liberties of the Subject and Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1660-1960, by [[Clare Jackson]], in ''Anglo-Scottish Relations from 1603 to 1900'', ed. by T. C. Smout (Oxford University Press and British Academy, 2005) pp.96-97</ref>
* [[December 13]] – The [[planet]] [[Uranus]] is first sighted and recorded, by England's first [[Astronomer Royal]], [[John Flamsteed]], who mistakenly catalogs it as a [[star]] ''34 [[Taurus (constellation)|Tauri]]''.<ref>Francis Baily, ''An Account of the Rev'd John Flamsteed, to Which is Added his British Catalogue of Stars'' (Lords Commission of the Admiralty, 1835) p. 393</ref>
* [[December 20]] (December 10, 1690 O.S.) — The General Court of the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] creates the first authorized paper money issued by any government in the [[Western World]] as a substitute for coins.<ref name=AMcD>Andrew McFarland Davis, ''Currency and Banking in the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay'', Volume 1, Issue 4 (American Economic Association, 1900) p.10, p.370</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Newman |first=Eric P. |title=The Early Paper Money of America |edition=3rd |location=Iola, Wisconsin |publisher=Krause Publications |date=1990 |page=11 |isbn=0-87341-120-X}}</ref> The first money is printed on February 13, 1691 (N.S.) and is dated "Feb. 3, 1690" based on the British old style calendar in use at the time.<ref name=AMcD/>
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* [[December 29]] – An earthquake hits [[Ancona]], in the [[Papal States]] of [[Italy]] and causes 10 deaths.<ref>[https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1121 "Significant Earthquake Information: 1690 April 16], NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Serbian Patriarch]] [[Arsenije III Carnojevic]] leads the first of the two [[Great Serbian Migrations]] into the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], following [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] atrocities in [[Kosovo]].
* The [[Hearth#Hearth tax|Hearth Tax]] is abolished in [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], one year after its abolition in England and [[Wales]].
* French physicist [[Denis Papin]], while in [[Leipzig]] and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', builds a working model of a [[Reciprocating engine|reciprocating]] [[steam engine]] for pumping water, the first of its kind, though not efficient.
* Dutch [[polymath]] [[Christiaan Huygens]] publishes his book ''[[Treatise on Light]]''. The book is considered a pioneering work of theoretical and mathematical physics.
* [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] observes [[differential rotation]] within [[Jupiter]]'s atmosphere.
* The construction of [[Fort Longueuil]], a stone [[fort]] in [[Longueuil]], in [[Quebec]], [[Canada (New France)|Canada]], is completed. It is one of the only buildings in Canada that could ever be considered a castle (fortified residence for a noble), and out of those buildings it most resembles the castles of Europe.
* The [[Barrage Vauban]], a defensive work in the city of [[Strasbourg]] (in modern-day [[France]]), is completed.<ref>{{cite book|author=Yves Barde|title=Vauban: ingénieur et homme de guerre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0sjAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Éd. de l'Armançon|isbn=978-2-84479-085-9|page=91|language=fr}}</ref>
* The French dictionary and encyclopaedia ''Dictionnaire universel, contenant generalement tous les mots françois'', compiled by [[Antoine Furetière]], is published posthumously.
* Possible year of the disappearance of the western part of the island of [[Buise]], in [[St. Peter's Flood]].</onlyinclude>