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== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 2]] – A total solar eclipse is visible from the southern [[Pacific Ocean]]. * [[January 12]] – In North America, ships from [[Fort Maurepas]] arrive at Twenty-Seven Mile Bluff to build ''[[Fort Louis de la Mobile]]'' (future [[Mobile, Alabama]]), to become the capital of [[French Louisiana]]. * [[February 1]] – The [[François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy|Duc de Villeroy]], commander of the French Army, is taken as a prisoner of war by the Austrian Army during the [[Battle of Cremona]] ([[War of the Spanish Succession]]). * [[March 3]] (February 20 O.S.) – King [[William III of England]] is fatally injured in an accident when he is thrown from his horse, "Sorrel", when it trips on a molehill in [[Hampton Court Park]] near London. Already in poor health before the accident, he dies from complications 16 days later at the age of 51.<ref>Arthur Lyon Cross, ''A History of England and Greater Britain'' (Macmillan, 1917) p. 648</ref> * [[March 14]] – An earthquake in the middle of the [[Calore Irpino|Calore]] valley in Italy, east of [[Benevento]], kills 400 people. * [[March 19]] (March 8 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]) – [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Princess Anne Stuart]], daughter of the late [[James II of England|King James II]] and younger sister of his successor, [[Mary II of England]] (who had reigned jointly with her husband, William III, as William and Mary until her death in 1694), ascends the English, Scottish and Irish thrones upon William's death. In her first speech to the English Parliament, made three days later, she tells the assembly "As I know my heart to be entirely English, I can very sincerely assure you there is not anything you can expect or desire from me which I shall not be ready to do for the happiness and prosperity of England."<ref>Maureen Waller, ''Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England'' (John Murray, 2006) p. 313</ref> Anne is the mother of 17 children by her husband, [[Prince George of Denmark]] and Norway, but none will survive childhood, and she will die without an heir, bringing an end to the reign of the House of Stuart and enabling the [[Hanoverian Succession]]. After the death of William, the [[States General of the Netherlands]] do not appoint a new [[stadtholder]], and so the [[Dutch Republic]] becomes a true [[republic]] again, starting the [[Second Stadtholderless Period]]. * [[March 22]] (March 11 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]) – The first regular English-language national newspaper, ''[[The Daily Courant]]'', begins publication<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> on [[Fleet Street]] in the [[City of London]], initially by [[Elizabeth Mallet]]; it covers only foreign news. * [[March 24]] – [[Great Northern War]]: [[Battle of Darsūniškis]] – The [[Sweden|Swedish]] army of about 240 men under the command of Alexander Hummerhielm is defeated by the Polish–Saxon army of 6,000 men under [[Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki]]. === April–June === * [[April 3]] – The [[Dutch East India Company]] ship ''Merestein'' strikes rocks and sinks in [[Saldanha Bay]] off Jutten Island, Africa with the loss of 101 of the 200 people on board. * [[April 14]] – Volcanic eruption of Changbaishan volcano (also known as [[Paektu Mountain]]) on the China/Korea border takes place. * [[April 15]] – The British [[Province of New Jersey]], encompassing all of the modern-day U.S. state of [[New Jersey]] and portions of [[New York (state)|New York]], is created as proprietary owners in the provinces of [[East Jersey]] and [[West Jersey]] surrender their rights to the Crown.<ref>[https://www.nj.gov/state/archives/pdf/proprietors.pdf "Using the Records of the East and West Jersey Proprietors"], by Joseph R. Klett (New Jersey State Archives, 2014) p. 5</ref> * [[April 20]] – Comet [[C/1702 H1]] is discovered and passes within 0.0435 [[astronomical unit|AU]] (a little more than four million miles or 6.5 million km) of the Earth. * [[April 24]] – The first two missionaries from the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]] set sail from England to North America. * [[May 5]] – Globular cluster [[Messier 5]] (M5, NGC 5904) is discovered by Gottfried Kirch and his wife Maria Margarethe. * [[May 6]] – [[Cloudesley Shovell]] is promoted to full [[admiral]] in the English navy. * [[May 14]] ([[New Style|N.S.]]) – [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: War is declared on France by the [[Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)|Grand Alliance]] ([[Kingdom of England]], [[Dutch Republic]] and [[Holy Roman Empire]]). * [[May 15]] (May 4 O.S.) – King [[Charles XII of Sweden]] and his troops walk unopposed into [[Warsaw]] after troops capture the city.<ref>Theodore Ayrault Dodge, ''Gustavus Adolphus'' (Houghton Mifflin, 1890) p. 838</ref> * [[May 16]] – Much of the city of [[Uppsala]], [[Sweden]] is destroyed in a fire. * [[May 19]] – Over 90% of the city of [[Bergen]], [[Norway]] is destroyed and reduced to ashes in a Great Fire. * [[June 2]] – English General [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|John Churchill]], later the Duke of Marlborough, takes command of the alliance of English, Dutch and German troops in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]].<ref name=Falkner>James Falkner, ''Marlborough's War Machine 1702-1711'' (Pen & Sword Military, 2014) p. 16</ref> *[[June 11]] – Anglo-Dutch forces [[Assault on Nijmegen (1702)|skirmish with French forces]] before the walls of [[Nijmegen]] and prevent its fall.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wijn |first=J.W. |title=Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII The era of the War of the Spanish Succession) |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |date=1956|language=Dutch}}</ref> * [[June 15]] – Queen Anne's Captain-General, John Churchill, forces the surrender of [[Kaiserswerth]] on the Rhine after a siege that began on April 18.<ref name=Lynn> John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV 1667-1714'' (Taylor & Francis, 2013)</ref> * [[June 16]] – The [[Kingdom of England|English]] [[East India Company]] founds a settlement on [[Pulo Condore (island)|Pulo Condore]] (modern-day Côn Sơn Island) off the coast of southern [[Vietnam]] as an ''[[entrepôt]]'' for ships travelling between India and China. * [[June 25]] – The premiere of the opera ''L'Offendere per amore overo la Telesilla'' by [[Johann Joseph Fux]] takes place in [[Vienna]]. === July–September === * [[July 19]] (July 8 O.S.; July 9 [[Swedish calendar]]) – [[Great Northern War]]: [[Battle of Klissow]] – [[Charles XII of Sweden]] decisively defeats the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]]-[[Saxony|Saxon]] army. * [[July 23]] – The first performance of the opera ''[[Médus|Médus, roi des Mèdes]]'' by [[François Bouvard]] takes place at the [[Paris Opera]]. * [[July 24]] ** [[Camisard]] hostilities begin in France with the assassination at [[le Pont-de-Montvert]] of a local embodiment of royal oppression, [[François Langlade]], the Abbé of Chaila.<ref name=Lynn/> ** A total eclipse of the sun is visible on a path crossing the northern Pacific Ocean and Central America. * [[July 30]] (July 19 O.S.; July 20 [[Swedish calendar]]) – [[Great Northern War]]: [[Battle of Hummelshof]] – Russia defeats Sweden. * [[August 11]] – [[Great Northern War]]: [[Częstochowa]], Poland, is captured by the Swedish army. * [[August 15]] – [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: [[Battle of Luzzara]] – Forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] fail to break through the French-Savoyard position in Lombardy. * [[September 12]] – The [[Siege of Landau (1702)|Siege of Landau]] (War of the Spanish Succession) ends after 3 months with forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] capturing the fortress town in the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] from a French garrison. * [[September 19]] – [[Jupiter]] occults [[Neptune]]. * [[September 25]] – General [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|John Churchill]] forces the surrender of [[Venlo]] on the [[Meuse River]].<ref name=Lynn/> * [[September 30]] – [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: [[Battle of Cádiz (1702)|Battle of Cádiz]] – A month-long Anglo-Dutch amphibious operation under English Admiral Sir [[George Rooke]] fails to take the Spanish port.<ref name=Seapower>{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Harding|title=Seapower and Naval Warfare, 1650-1830|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2002|page=169}}</ref> === October–December === * [[October 1]] – The founding deed of the [[University of Wrocław]] is signed by the Holy Roman Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] of the House of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia. * [[October 7]] – Great Northern War: Russian troops [[Siege of Nöteborg (1702)|besiege the Swedish fortress of Nöteborg]], and capture it after 15 days. * [[October 14]] – War of the Spanish Succession: [[Battle of Friedlingen]] – [[France]] defeats forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. * [[October 18]] – Queen Anne's War: [[Battle of Flint River]] – Spanish and [[Apalachee]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] forces fail in their attack against [[Muscogee (Creek)|Creek]] Indians, supported by English traders, in the modern-day U.S. state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. * [[October 19]] – The opera ''[[Pomona (opera)|Der Sieg der fruchtbaren Pomona]]'' by [[Reinhard Keiser]] is premiered at the [[Hamburg Opera]] for the birthday of King [[Frederick IV of Denmark]]. * [[October 23]] – War of the Spanish Succession: **[[Battle of Vigo Bay]] – Anglo-Dutch naval forces under English Admiral Sir [[George Rooke]] capture the defended Spanish port of [[Cádiz]] and take or destroy all the [[Spanish treasure fleet]] and escorting French [[warship]]s there.<ref name=Seapower/> **[[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Churchill]] forces the surrender of [[Liège]]. * [[October 27]] – Queen Anne's War in North America: English troops plunder [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]], [[Spanish Florida]]. * [[October 28]] – Sieur Juchereau, Lieutenant General of [[Montréal]], establishes the first trading post on the [[Wabash River]] in order to trade [[American Bison|buffalo]] hides with [[Indigenous people of the Americas|American Indians]]. The site of the trading post may be the modern-day location of [[Vincennes, Indiana]]. * [[November 7]] – The first performance of the opera ''[[Tancrède]]'' by [[André Campra]] takes place at the [[Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré)|Théâtre du Palais-Royal]] in Paris. * [[November 10]] – [[Queen Anne's War]] in North America: The [[Siege of St. Augustine (1702)|Siege of St. Augustine]] opens as English forces besiege [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]], [[Spanish Florida]]. * [[November 15]] – The opera ''La Clemenza d'Augusto'' by [[Johann Joseph Fux]] is premiered in [[Vienna]]. * [[November 22]] – The [[Dutch East India Company]] ship ''Amsterdam'' (1691) founders en route from Bombay to [[Basra]] during a storm with the loss of all hands. * [[December 14]] – [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|John Churchill]] is created [[Duke of Marlborough (title)|duke of Marlborough]]. * [[December 30]] – [[Queen Anne's War]]: The [[Siege of St. Augustine (1702)|Siege of St. Augustine]] in Spanish Florida is lifted. === Date unknown === * The travel diary ''[[Oku no Hosomichi]]'' ("Narrow road to the deep north"), a major work of ''[[haibun]]'' by the Japanese poet [[Matsuo Bashō]] and one of the major texts of Japanese literature of the [[Edo period]], is published eight years after Bashō's death. * The [[Delaware Colony]] legislature is separated from that of Pennsylvania. * [[Richard Bentley]] at Cambridge in England introduces the first written (as opposed to oral) competitive examinations in a Western university.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ball|first=W. W. Rouse|authorlink=W. W. Rouse Ball|year=1889|title=A History of the Study of Mathematics at Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=193}}</ref></onlyinclude>
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