Editing 1716 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 16]] &ndash; The application of the [[Nueva Planta decrees]] to [[Catalonia]] make it subject to the laws of the [[Crown of Castile]], and abolishes the [[Principality of Catalonia]] as a political entity, concluding the [[Enlightenment in Spain|unification of Spain]] under [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://libro.uca.edu/payne2/payne16.htm|title=A History of Spain and Portugal|volume=2|chapter=Chapter 16: The Eighteenth-Century Bourbon Regime in Spain|first=Stanley G|last=Payne|year=1973|location=Madison|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=0-299-06270-8|access-date=2008-04-17|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofspainpo00payn}}</ref>
* [[January 27]] &ndash; The [[Tugaloo]] massacre changes the course of the [[Yamasee War]], allying the [[Cherokee]] nation with the British [[province of South Carolina]] against the [[Muscogee|Creek]] Indian nation. <ref>William L. Ramsey, ''The Yamasee War: A Study of Culture, Economy, and Conflict in the Colonial South'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2008)</ref>
* [[January 28]] &ndash; The town of [[Crieff]], Scotland, is burned to the ground by [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]]s returning from the [[Battle of Sheriffmuir]]. <ref>''Crieff, Its Traditions and Characters, with Anecdotes of Strathearn'' (D. McCara, 1881) pp. 302-303</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Burning of The Strathearn Towns & Villages: Part Two|url=http://perthshirecrieffstrathearnlocalhistor.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/burning-of-strathearn-towns-villages.html|work=PertshireCrieffStrathearn Local History|date=2012-07-15|access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The [[1716 Algiers earthquake]] sequence began with an {{M|w}} 7.0 mainshock that caused severe damage and killed 20,000 in Algeria.<ref name="NGDC">{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1203 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Edward Stuart]] flees from Scotland to France with a handful of supporters, following the failure of the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]].
* [[February 24]] &ndash; Jacobite leaders [[James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater]] and [[William Gordon, 6th Viscount of Kenmure]] are executed in London.<ref name="People's Chronology, politics">{{cite web|url=http://history.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1716/political-events |title=1716 |work=The People's Chronology |editor=Everett, Jason M. |publisher=Thomson Gale |year=2006 |access-date=2007-05-26 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; At night, an [[aurora borealis]] was seen throughout Europe, from Ireland to Italy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winterhalter |first=Elizabeth |date=2020-10-29 |title=When the English Witnessed Battles in the Sky |url=https://daily.jstor.org/when-the-english-witnessed-battles-in-the-sky/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=JSTOR Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Briggs |first=J. Morton |date=1967 |title=Aurora and Enlightenment Eighteenth-Century Explanations of the Aurora Borealis |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/228424 |journal=Isis |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=491–503 |doi=10.1086/350301 |jstor=228424 |s2cid=145608173 |issn=0021-1753|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[March 8]] &ndash; King [[Charles XII of Sweden]] leads an invasion of [[Norway]], crossing the border at [[Basmo Fortress|Basmo]], near the modern-day town of [[Marker, Norway|Marker]].
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat|Simon Fraser]], a former Scottish rebel who had helped end the [[Siege of Inverness (1715)|Siege of Inverness]] during the [[Jacobite rising of 1715|first Jacobite rising]], is given a pardon by King George I of Great Britain. <ref>Sarah Fraser, ''The Last Highlander: Scotland's Most Notorious Clan Chief, Rebel & Double Agent'' (HarperCollins, 2012) p. 174</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; Italian Jesuit missionary [[Ippolito Desideri]] arrives in [[Lhasa]] to become one of the first Europeans to attempt to bring Christianity to Buddhist [[Tibet]]. <ref>Flippo De Filippi, ''An Account of Tibet: The Travels of Ippolito Desideri'' (Routledge & Sons, 1931) pp. 50-52</ref>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Jeremias III of Constantinople|Jeremias III]] becomes the new [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]], leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]], ruled by King Charles VI, renews its alliance with the [[Republic of Venice]], leading the [[Ottoman Empire]], ruled by [[Ahmed III]], to declare war.
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[John Law (economist)|John Law]] founds the [[Banque Générale|Banque Générale Privée]] in [[Paris]].<ref>John Philip Wood, ''Memoirs of the life of John Law of Lauriston, including a detailed account of the rise, progress and termination of the Mississippi System'' (Adam Black Publishing, 1824) p.26</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash;  Two regular companies of field artillery, each 100 men strong, are raised at [[Woolwich]], by Royal Warrant of King [[George I of Great Britain]].
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]], suffers a [[paralytic stroke]].
* [[June 9]] &ndash; In [[India]], 600 imprisoned members of the failed [[Sikhism|Sikh]] [[Khalsa]] rebellion against the [[Mughal Empire]] are executed on orders of the Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]].<ref>Louis E. Fenech, ''The Cherished Five in Sikh History'' (Oxford University Press, 2021) p. 91</ref> [[Banda Singh Bahadur]], leader of the rebellion, is brutally tortured and mutilated before being killed.<ref>Ganda Singh, ''Life of Banda Singh Bahadur: Based on Contemporary and Original Records'' (Sikh History Research Department, 1935) p. 229</ref>
* [[June 19]] &ndash; The new [[Tokugawa Shogunate|Tokugawa Shogun of Japan]], [[Tokugawa Yoshimune]], assumes control of the monarchy's military after the illness and death of the six-year-old [[Tokugawa Ietsugu|Ietsugu]], last of the male descendants of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]].<ref>Timon Screech, ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822'' (RoutledgeCurzon, 2006) p. 97 </ref> Yoshimune's ascendancy begins Year 1 of the [[Kyōhō]] Era, which continues until Year 21 in [[1736]].
* [[June 25]] &ndash; With the Holy Roman Empire having been ceded the "Southern Netherlands" (now [[Belgium]]) from Spain, [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] arrives in [[Brussels]] as the first Governor-General of the [[Austrian Netherlands]]. Eugene soon returns home and leaves administration of the area to a dictatorial [[Hercule-Louis Turinetti, marquis of Prié|Hercule-Louis Turinetti]].<ref>"England and the Ostend Company", by Gerald B. Hertz, ''The English Historical Review'' (April 1907) pp. 256-257</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 5]] &ndash; Prince [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany|Ernest Augustus]] is created [[Duke of York and Albany]], in the [[peerage of Great Britain]].
* [[July 8]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Dynekilen]]: The [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] fleet is defeated by a [[Denmark–Norway|Danish–Norwegian]] fleet.
* [[July 8]]–[[August 21]] &ndash; [[Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War]]: The [[Ottoman Empire]] [[Siege of Corfu (1716)|unsuccessfully lays siege]] to [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]], the last bastion of the [[Republic of Venice]] in the Greek islands.<ref>{{cite book | last=Chasiotis | first=Ioannis | chapter = Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως |trans-chapter=The decline of Ottoman power | pages = 8–51 | script-title=el:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821 |trans-title=History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821 | location = Athens | year = 1975 | publisher = Ekdotiki Athinon | language = el}}</ref>
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Natchez, Mississippi|Natchez]], one of the oldest towns on the [[Mississippi River]], is founded by French civilians at the site of Fort Rosalie. <ref>[https://mississippitoday.org/2016/05/27/revelry-in-natchez-as-300th-anniversary-approaches/ "Revelry in Natchez as 300th anniversary approaches"], by Kendra Ablaza, ''Mississippi Today'', May 27, 2016</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[George Seton, 5th Earl of Winton]], under sentence of death for his part in the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]], escapes from the [[Tower of London]] and flees into exile on the continent.
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Battle of Petrovaradin]]: 83,300 Austrian troops of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] defeat 150,000 [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] under [[Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha]] (who is killed).
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]], returns from Italy.
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Maria (rebel leader)|"Maria"]], an African slave of the [[Dutch West India Company]] on the Caribbean island of [[Curaçao]], murders the plantation overseer, Christiaan Muller, then leads a rebellion, killing Muller's family and much of the white staff on the company's plantation.  The uprising is suppressed after 10 days, and Maria is later executed by burning at the stake on November 9.  <ref>[http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Maria "Maria (? -1716)"], by Han Jordaan, in ''Women's Lexicon of the Netherlands''</ref>
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia]], eldest son of the Tsar [[Peter the Great]] and heir to the throne, flees from [[Saint Petersburg]] with his mistress, [[Afrosinya|Efrosinya Fedorova]], along with her brother and three servants.  After spending more than a year in Austria, he returns to Russia where he is arrested and dies in prison in 1718. <ref> V. N. Balyazin, ''Unofficial History of Russia'' (Olma Media Group, 2007) p. 216</ref><ref>Ian Grey, ''The Romanovs'' (New Word City, 2016)</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
*[[October 12]] &ndash; During the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18|war]] between the Habsburg Empire ruling Austria and the Ottoman Empire ruling Turkey, the [[Siege of Temeşvar (1716)|six week siege]] of the fortified city of [[Timisoara|Temeşvar]] is surrendered by the Turks to the Austrians.  Under a flag of truce, the Turks are permitted to depart but have to leave behind their artillery as they give up their claim to [[Hungary]].  Austro-Hungarian rule lasts until World War One, and in 1919, the city of [[Timișoara]] becomes part of the Kingdom of [[Romania]].
* [[November 1]] &ndash; Two new laws go into effect in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] of [[Scotland]] to prevent a threat to Britain's ruling  [[House of Hanover]] by the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] who supported the restoration of the [[House of Stuart]].  The [[Disarming Act]] requires government authorization to carry swords and firearms, and the amendments to the [[Treason Act 1714]] permit trials for treason to take place in any court in England, regardless of where the crime was committed.
*[[December 4]] &ndash; Fifty people are killed, and 150 houses burned, when a fire breaks out in [[Wapping]], [[London]].  The blaze comes two days after a fire at the [[Spring Gardens]] at [[St. James's]], London, which destroyed the French Chapel there and which was put out by several rescuers, including the future King George II.<ref>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p48-49</ref>
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend]], is demoted from his office as [[Secretary of State for the Northern Department]] in the British government, and replaced by [[James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope]]. This is a move towards the [[Whig Split]] of 1717.

=== Date unknown ===
* English pirate [[Edward Teach]] ''(Blackbeard)'' is given command of a [[sloop]] in [[the Bahamas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Robert E.|title=Blackbeard the Pirate|url=https://archive.org/details/blackbeardpirate00leer|url-access=registration|publisher=John F. Blair|location=North Carolina|edition=2002|year=1974|isbn=0-89587-032-0}}</ref>
* [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] of [[Russian Empire|Russia]] studies with the physician [[Herman Boerhaave]], at [[Leiden University]].
* The ''[[Kangxi Dictionary]]'' is published, laying the foundation of most references to [[Chinese characters|Han characters]] studied today.
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