Editing 1719 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 8]] – [[Carolean Death March]] begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]]-[[Caroleans|Carolean]] army under the command of [[Carl Gustaf Armfeldt]] across the [[Tydalen]] mountains in a [[blizzard]] kills around 3,700 men and cripples a further 600 for life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://karoliner.com/in-english/the-carolean-death-march/|title=The Carolean death march|website=karoliner.com|access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] – The [[Principality of Liechtenstein]] is created, within the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1719 |title=Historical Events for Year 1719 &#124; OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] (January 23 [[Old Style]]) – The [[Riksdag of the Estates]] recognizes [[Ulrika Eleonora]]'s claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden.
* [[February 20]] – The first [[Age of Liberty|Treaty of Stockholm]] is signed.
* [[February 28]] – [[Farrukhsiyar]], the [[Mughal Emperor]] of [[India]] since 1713, is deposed by the [[Sayyid brothers]], who install [[Rafi ud-Darajat]] in his place. In prison, Farrukhsiyar is strangled by assassins on April 19.
* [[March 6]] – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries.<ref name="SRL">{{Cite journal|title="The 1719 El Salvador Earthquake: An M>7.0 Event in the Central American Volcanic Arc?"|author1=Carolina Canora|author2=J. J. Martínez-Díaz|author3=Miguel Insua Arévalo|author4=José Antonio Álvarez Gómez|author5=P. Villamor|author6=J. Alonso-Henar|author7=Ramón Capote|date=July 1, 2014|doi=10.1785/0220130150|journal=Seismological Research Letters|volume=85|issue=4|pages=784–793|hdl=10261/99660 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36163003.pdf}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] – The coronation of [[Ulrika Eleonora]] as [[Queen of Sweden]] takes place in Stockholm.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 4]] – The French army under [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]] invades the Basque provinces of Spain, with 20,000 troops crossing into Navarre.<ref>H. E. L. Mellersh, ed. ''Chronology of World History'', Volume 9 (ABC-CLIO, 1999) p. 532</ref>
* [[April 19]] – In [[Louisiana (New France)]], [[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville]]'s brother Serigny arrives on a French man-of-war, bringing news that war had been declared between France and Spain (since December [[1718]]).
* [[April 25]] – [[Daniel Defoe]] publishes ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]''.
* [[April 26]] – King [[Philip V of Spain]] departs Madrid and leads 15,000 men of the Spanish Army into Navare to fight the French under Berwick.<ref>"History of France— War with Spain", in ''The History of France: from the Earliest Period to the Present Time'', by Thomas Wright (London Printing, 1856) Vol. II, p263</ref>
* [[May 14]] – In [[Louisiana (New France)]], [[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville|Bienville]], from [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], captures [[Pensacola]], but Pensacola is later recaptured by the Spanish, and again re-taken by Bienville.<ref name="CB">"Le Moyne de Bienville, Jean-Baptiste", University of Toronto, 2000, webpage: [http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?BioId=35608 biog-ca-Bienville].</ref>
* [[May 25]] – An earthquake in Turkey damages İzmit and Istanbul, damaging some city walls and ruining mosques and palaces.<ref name="DailysabahIstanbuls">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2018/09/26/istanbuls-nightmare-a-timeline-of-earthquakes-that-shook-the-city|title=Istanbul's nightmare: A timeline of earthquakes that shook the city|website=Daily Sabah|author=Erhan Afyoncu|date=September 26, 2018 |accessdate=October 30, 2022}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] – [[Battle of Ösel Island]]: A Russian naval force defeats the Swedish fleet.
* [[June 18]] – Captain John Perry fixes [[Embanking of the tidal Thames#Stopping Dagenham Breach|Dagenham Breach]].
* [[June 10]] – [[Battle of Glen Shiel]]: British forces defeat the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] and their Spanish allies.
* [[June 20]] – [[Battle of Francavilla]]: The Austrians are defeated by the Spanish.
* [[June 30]] – French forces under the [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick|Duke of Berwick]] open the [[Siege of San Sebastian (1719)|Siege of San Sebastian]]

=== July–September ===
* [[July 11]] – [[Russia]]'s [[Baltic Sea]] fleet is first spotted from the Swedish coast, starting the [[Russian Pillage of 1719–21]] as part of the [[Great Northern War]].
* [[July 16]] – The [[Carlsten|Carlsten fortress]] in Sweden surrenders to a Danish and Norwegian force [[Attack on Marstrand|after a siege of seven days]]. Colonel [[Henrich Danckwardt]], who surrendered the fortress to [[Peter Tordenskjold]] after being away from it while it was still defensible, is beheaded on September 16.
* [[August 13]] – In the [[Battle of Stäket]], Crown Prince [[Frederick I of Sweden]] leads the successful defense of [[Stockholm]] from  Russian Admiral [[Fyodor Apraksin]]'s [[Baltic Fleet]] during the [[Russian Pillage of 1719–21|Russian Pillage]].
* [[August 19]] – [[Siege of San Sebastian (1719)|Siege of San Sebastian]]. The Spanish garrison surrenders to the Duke of Berwick.
* [[August 20]] – Princess [[Maria Josepha of Austria]], at one time the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria's [[Habsburg Empire]], marries [[Augustus III of Poland|Frederick Augustus]], [[Elector of Saxony]] ten days after renouncing any claim to the Austrian throne.
* [[September 3]] – The three-story tall ''[[Opernhaus am Zwinger]]'', one of the largest opera houses in the world at the time, opens in [[Dresden]] by staging [[Antonio Lotti]]'s ''Giovi in Argo''.<ref>Fritz Löffler, ''Die Wiederholung der Orangeriebauten nach der Stadt und die vierte Zwingerseite in Der Zwinger in Dresden'' (E. A. Seemann Verlag, 1976) p. 35.</ref>
* [[September 29]] – [[Muhammad Shah]] is crowned as the 12th [[Mughal Emperor]] of India at [[Shahjahanabad]] (now [[Delhi]]), 12 days after the death of [[Shah Jahan II]] from tuberculosis.<ref>Zahir Uddin Malik, ''The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719–1748'' (Asia Publishing, 1977) p. 407</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 11]] – [[Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda]], the Spanish [[Governor-General of the Philippines]], is assassinated in a bloody coup d'etat by supporters of the [[Archbishop of Manila]], whom Bustamante had imprisoned.
* [[October 14]] – The British Army, under the command of Major General [[George Wade]], [[Capture of Vigo|invades and captures]] the forts of [[Vigo]] on the Atlantic coast of Spain.<ref>Charles Dalton, ''George The First's Army 1714~1727'' (Oxford University, 1912) p. 7</ref>
* [[October 21]] – The [[Red Canal]] is opened in the Russian capital, [[Saint Petersburg]], after seven years of construction, at a ceremony in the presence of the Tsar [[Peter the Great]].<ref>[https://walkspb.ru/istoriya-peterburga/ulpl/millionnaya-ul (Миллионная улица) "Millionnaya Street"], Walk SPB</ref>
* [[October 28]] – [[Sweden]] and [[Denmark-Norway]] sign an armistice, halting combat in the [[Great Northern War]] between them, with final terms agreed to in the [[Treaty of Frederiksborg]] on July 3, 1720.<ref>Oswald Kuylenstierna, ''Striderna vid Göta älfs mynning åren 1717 och 1719'' [The skirmishes at the mouth of Göta älv between 1717 and 1719] (in Swedish) (Norstedt, 1899) pp. 38-40</ref>
* [[November 9]] – In [[Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)#Treaty with Hanover|a treaty between Sweden and Hanover]] at the close of the [[Great Northern War]], Sweden cedes the  [[Bremen-Verden|Duchies of Bremen and Verden]] (in northern Germany) to Hanover.
* [[December 22]] – [[Andrew Bradford]] publishes the ''American Weekly Mercury'', Pennsylvania's first newspaper.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Prussia]] conducts Europe's first systematic census.
* Miners in [[Falun]], [[Sweden]] find the apparently petrified body of [[Fet-Mats Israelsson]] (d. [[1677]]), in an unused part of the copper mine.
* [[Raine's Foundation School]], [[Bethnal Green]] (founded by Henry Raine), opens in [[Wapping]], England.
* [[James Figg]] opens one of the first indoor venues for combat sports, adjoining the City of Oxford tavern in [[Oxford Street|Oxford Road]], London.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brailsford |first1=Dennis |year=1982 |title=Sporting Days in Eighteenth Century England |journal=Journal of Sport History |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=45 |jstor=43609260}}</ref></onlyinclude>