Editing 1729 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Frederick]], the eldest son of King [[George II of Great Britain]] is made [[Prince of Wales]] at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in [[Hanover]]. For 23 years, Frederick is heir apparent to the British throne, but dies of a lung injury in [[1751]].
* [[January 19]] &ndash; At the age of 14, [[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph]] (José), [[Prince of Brazil]], son of King [[John V of Portugal]], is married to the 10-year-old Princess [[Mariana Victoria of Spain]], eldest daughter of King [[Philip V of Spain]]. In 1750, the couple become King Joseph I and Queen Consort Mariana Victoria of Spain.
* [[February 14]] &ndash; King [[Philip V of Spain]] issues a royal ''[[Real cédula|cedula]]'', directing an effort to offer incentives to families from the [[Canary Islands]] for settlements in New Spain north of the [[Rio Grande]] in the modern-day U.S. state of [[Texas]]<ref>Gilbert R. Cruz, ''Let There Be Towns: Spanish Municipal Origins in the American Southwest, 1610-1810'' (Texas A&M University Press, 1996) p60</ref> (→ [[Canarian Americans]]).
* [[February 24]] (February 13 O.S.) &ndash; In the city of [[Resht]] in [[Persia]], Russian and Afghani leaders sign a peace treaty, with General Vasily Levashev for Russia and Muhammad Saidal Khan for Afghanistan.<ref>Martin Sicker, ''The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire'' (Greenwood Press, 2001) p57</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[James Oglethorpe]], a member of the British House of Commons, begins service as the [[United Kingdom insolvency law#History|Chairman of the Gaols Committee]] to investigate the conditions of Britain's jails and prisons after the death in [[Fleet Prison]] of his friend, Robert Castell.  The Oglethorpe Committee's report propels Oglethorpe to fame and leads to the beginning of British penal reforms.<ref>Thomas D. Wilson, ''The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond'' (University of Virginia Press, 2015)</ref> 
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Abdallah of Morocco]] becomes the new [[Sultan of Morocco]] upon the death of his half-brother, [[Abu'l Abbas Ahmad of Morocco|Abu'l Abbas Ahmad]]. Sultan Abdallah reigns for five years before being deposed for the first time, then returns to the throne five more times between 1736 and 1757.
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[John of Nepomuk]] (Jan Nepomucký) of [[Bohemia]] is canonized by [[Pope Benedict XIII]] more than 300 years after being tortured and drowned in 1393 by order of King Wenceslaus IV; John becomes patron saint of Roman Catholics in the [[Czech Republic]].
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[First Köthen Funeral music]]'' premieres at [[St. Jakob, Köthen]], in honor of the funeral of his former employer [[Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]]. The next morning, Bach's funeral cantata [[Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a|''Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt'', BWV 244a]] premieres at St. Jakob, marking the same occasion.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Franklin]], aged 23, writes the essay "A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency" and later applies the economic principles to backing of paper money used in the United States.<ref>Lester C. Olson, ''Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology'' (University of South Carolina Press, 2004) p117</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[St Matthew Passion]]'', BWV 244b is performed again, at [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig]].<ref>Mark A. Peters, ''Compositional Choices and Meaning in the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach'' (Lexington Books, 2018) p168</ref>
* [[April 26]] &ndash; For the first time in its history, the [[House of Commons of Great Britain|British House of Commons]] is adjourned for lack of a [[quorum]]. On January 5, [[1640]], it had first fixed the number of members necessary — 40 — for parliamentary business to be transacted.<ref>Thomas Francis Moran, ''The Theory and Practice of the English Government'' (Longmans, Green, and Company, 1903) pp 264-265</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; A fire breaks out inside the fully walled town of [[Haiger]] within the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (in the modern-day state of Hesse in Germany) and destroys all the buildings. 
* [[May 12]] &ndash; Six English pirates, including [[Mary Critchett]], seize control of the sloop ''John and Elizabeth'' while being transported to America to complete their criminal sentences. They overpower their captors but are later captured in [[Chesapeake Bay]] by HMS ''Shoreham'' and hanged in August.  
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Caroline of Ansbach|Caroline, Queen Consort]] becomes the first person to rule Great Britain as regent under the [[Regency Acts]], beginning service as the acting monarch when her husband [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] departs Britain for Germany, where he is the [[Elector of Hanover]]. Caroline rules until George's return in October.<ref>"Regents (England and France)", in ''The Manual of Dates, A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records'', by George H. Townsend (Frederick Warne & Company, 1877) p805</ref>
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Diederik Durven]] becomes the new [[List of Governors of the Dutch East Indies|Governor-General]] of the [[Dutch East Indies]] (modern-day Indonesia) upon the death of [[Mattheus de Haan]]. 
* [[June 8]] &ndash; The [[Botanic Gardens of Pamplemousses]], one of the most popular tourist attractions on the island republic of [[Mauritius]], are started by Pierre Barmond, who sets aside thousands of acres for the purpose of preservation of the islands flora. The gardens come to occupy 97 square miles or 251 square kilometers.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 25]] &ndash; Seven of the original eight [[Lords Proprietor]] of the [[Province of Carolina]] sell their shares back to the British crown. The 1710 division of the Province is made permanent and the area is reorganized into the Royal Colonies of [[North Carolina]] and [[South Carolina]].
* [[July 27]] &ndash; A fire that breaks out on this day in [[Constantinople]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Kenan|last=Yıldız|title=Istanbul Fires During the Ottoman Period|work=History of Istanbul|url=https://istanbultarihi.ist/393-istanbul-fires-during-the-ottoman-period-and-their-effect-on-the-citys-topography|accessdate=2021-04-30}}</ref> destroys 12,000 houses and kills 7,000 inhabitants.
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Baltimore, Maryland]] is founded.
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The [[Comet of 1729]], possibly the largest [[comet]] based on the [[absolute magnitude]], on record, is discovered by Fr. [[Nicolas Sarrabat]], a professor of mathematics at [[Marseille]].
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Damghan (1729)|Battle of Damghan]] begins as the Persian Safavid Army, commanded by General [[Nader Shah|Nader Khan Afshar]] confronts a larger force of rebel Afghan troops commanded by the Emir [[Ashraf Hotak]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; After seven days of battle, the Persians under Nader Khan Afshar make a daring attack through the center of the Emir Ashraf's battalions, killing 12,000 of the Afghans and forcing the remainder to flee, bringing an end to the Battle of Damghan. 
* [[November 9]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Seville (1729)|Treaty of Seville]] is signed between [[Great Britain]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]].<ref name="Pocket Date Book">{{cite book|title=The Pocket Date Book|url=https://archive.org/details/pocketdatebooko00categoog|publisher=Chapman and Hall|author=William L. R. Cates|author-link=William L. R. Cates|year=1863}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] 
**The [[Natchez revolt]], the worst Native American massacre to take place on [[Mississippi]] soil, occurs when [[Natchez people]] kill 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at [[Fort Rosalie]] (near modern-day [[Natchez, Mississippi]]).
** The first (wooden) [[Putney Bridge]] is completed, as the only fixed crossing of the [[River Thames]] between [[London Bridge]] and [[Kingston Bridge, London|Kingston]], England.
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]]'s famous opera ''[[Lotario (Handel)|Lotario]]'' is given its first performance, premiering at the King's Theatre in London.
* [[December 12]] &ndash; Under the pretense of a peace offering, the [[Yazoo people|Yazoo]] and [[Koroa]] warriors enter the French settlement at [[Fort St. Pierre Site|Fort St. Pierre]] (near modern-day [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]]) and kill most of the inhabitants.<ref>George Edward Milne, ''Natchez Country: Indians, Colonists, and the Landscapes of Race in French Louisiana'' (University of Georgia Press, 2015) p185</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The third oldest settlement in [[Mississippi]], [[Port Gibson, Mississippi|Port Gibson]], is founded by French settlers.
* [[Jonathan Swift]] (anonymously) publishes his satire ''[[A Modest Proposal]]''.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref>