Editing 1752 (section)

== Events ==
=== January&ndash;March===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; The [[British Empire]] (except Scotland, which had changed New Year's Day to January 1 in 1600) adopts today as the first day of the year as part of adoption of the [[Gregorian calendar]], which is completed in September: today is the first day of the New Year under the terms of last year's [[Calendar (New Style) Act 1750|Calendar Act]] of the British Parliament.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/315|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/315 315–316]}}</ref>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Pennsylvania Hospital]], the first [[hospital]] in the United States, and the first to offer medical treatment to the mentally ill, admits its first patients at a temporary location in [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Benjamin Franklin|title=The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Penn Reading Project Edition|editor1=Nathan G. Goodman|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |editor2=Peter Conn |page=92}}</ref>  
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Messier 83]] (M83), the "[[Southern Pinwheel Galaxy]]"  and the first to be cataloged outside the "[[Local Group]]" of [[galaxy|galaxies]] nearest to Earth's galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], is discovered by French astronomer [[Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille]].<ref>{{cite book|author=James L. Chen|author2=Adam Chen|title=A Guide to Hubble Space Telescope Objects: Their Selection, Location, and Significance|publisher=Springer|year=2015|page=53|bibcode=2015ghst.book.....C }}</ref> Lacaille, who observes M83 during a research voyage in the Southern Hemisphere, is the first to identify the body as a nebulous object rather than a star. M83, 15&nbsp;million [[light-year]]s away, is the most distant object to be identified up to that time. 
* [[February 27]] &ndash; The [[Virginia General Assembly|Virginia Assembly]] passes a law making [[Mutilation|maiming]] a [[felony]], in response to the practice of [[Gouging (fighting style)|gouging]].<ref name="Hening">{{cite web|url=http://vagenweb.org/hening/vol06-12.htm|title=Hening's Statutes at Large|first=William Walter|last=Hening|access-date=2011-04-09}}</ref>
* [[February 29]] &ndash; [[Alaungpaya]], a village chief in [[Upper Burma]], founds the [[Konbaung Dynasty]]; by the time of his death 8 years later, he will have unified the whole country.
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Shō Kei]], the ruler of [[Okinawa Island]] and the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]], dies at the age of 41 after a reign that began when he was 13 years old. He is succeeded by his 12-year-old son, [[Shō Boku]], who reigns for 42 years.
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The electors of the [[Republic of Venice]] (which includes not only a large part of northern Italy around the city of [[Venice]], but portions of Eastern Europe along the [[Adriatic Sea]]) elect [[Francesco Loredan]] as their new executive, the [[Doge of Venice|Doge]]. Loredan's election comes 11 days after the death of the previous Doge, [[Pietro Grimani]], but is not announced until after Easter Sunday. 
* [[March 23]]
**The ''[[Halifax Gazette]]'', the first Canadian newspaper, is published.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eaman |first1=Ross |title=Historical Dictionary of Journalism |date=April 15, 2021 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2504-5 |page=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yP4WEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144 |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Inwa|Ava]], capital of the Kingdom of Burma, is sacked by [[Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom|Hanthawaddy Kingdom]], led by King [[Binnya Dala]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; Spanish Governor [[Tomás Vélez Cachupín]] of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México]], a province that now comprises most of the American state of [[New Mexico]], begins the first peace negotiations with the indigenous [[Comanche]] tribe after inviting tribal representatives to his home in [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]].<ref>Elizabeth A. H. John, ''Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 1996) p324</ref>  As a sign of good faith, he unconditionally releases the four Comanche prisoners of war held at Taos.  One of the released Comanches reports to his father, Chief Guanacante, about the hospitality extended to him during his imprisonment, and more meetings take place in July and in the autumn.
* [[April 12]] 
**The Kingdom of [[Afghanistan]], under the rule of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], recaptures the city of [[Lahore]] four years after its capture by the [[Sikhs]] of Punjab.<ref>"Afghan-Sikh Wars (Durrani-Sikh Wars)", by Melodee M. Baines, in ''Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century'', ed. by Tom Lansford (ABC-CLIO, 2017) p20</ref>
**The [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]], Spain's Royal Academy of the Fine Arts, is formally established in [[Spain]], eight years after first being proposed to King Fernando VI by Jeronimo Antonio Gil as a small school in [[Madrid]].  The foundation of the Royal Academy is considered by historians to be "an essential step in modernizing Spain" during the [[Spanish Enlightenment]].<ref>Kelly Donahue-Wallace, ''Jerónimo Antonio Gil and the Idea of the Spanish Enlightenment'' (University of New Mexico Press, 2017) p38</ref>
* [[April 13]] &ndash; The oldest property insurance company in the United States, "[[Philadelphia Contributionship]] for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire", holds its organizational meeting at the courthouse in Philadelphia to elect a board of directors, largely through the efforts of [[Benjamin Franklin]].  Franklin's newspaper, ''[[The Pennsylvania Gazette]]'', has been advertising the meeting since February 18, with a notice that "All persons inclined to subscribe to the articles of insurance of houses from fire, in or near this city, are desired to appear at the Court-house, where attendance will be given, to take in their subscriptions, every seventh day of the week, in the afternoon, until the 13th of April next, being the day appointed by the said articles for electing twelve directors and a treasurer."  <ref>''The Pennsylvania Gazette'', February 18, 1752, p2</ref><ref>''The Pennsylvania Gazette'', March 17, 1752, p2</ref>  The property insurance company is still in existence more than 250 years later.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Adam Smith]], appointed the year before as a professor of logic, is unanimously elected by the faculty of the [[University of Glasgow]] to be the new Professor of Moral Philosophy "on the express condition that he would content himself with the emoluments of the Logic Professorship until 10 October",<ref>Ian Simpson Ross, ''The Life of Adam Smith'' (Oxford University Press, 2010)</ref> in that the 1751-1752 salary budgeted for the job has already been distributed to faculty members who had substituted for the previous moral philosophy professor, Thomas Craigie; from April to October, Smith's remuneration for teaching moral philosophy is limited to fees paid directly to him by his students (a [[half guinea]] per semester for the public class, and a [[Guinea (coin)|guinea]] per semester for the private class). Smith's lectures on ethics are first published in 1759 in his work ''[[The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]''.
* [[May 10]] &ndash; At [[Marly-la-Ville]] in [[France]], physicist [[Thomas-François Dalibard]] successfully conducts  the [[kite experiment]] proposed by [[Benjamin Franklin]] in the 1750 book '' Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity''.<ref name=Tucker>Tom Tucker, ''Bolt Of Fate: Benjamin Franklin And His Fabulous Kite'' (PublicAffairs, 2009) p135-140</ref> 
* [[June]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Franklin]] reportedly carries out his famous [[kite experiment]], duplicating experiments that show that [[lightning]] and [[electricity]] are the same.  According to Franklin, lightning strikes the kite that he is flying during a thunderstorm and produces sparks identical to what he has previously generated artificially in a [[Leyden jar]].  However, the report of his experiment is not made until October 19, in Franklin's newspaper, ''The Pennsylvania Gazette'', leading 20th century researchers to doubt that he conducted the experiment, if at all, until sometime after September 28, when he had written in the ''Gazette'' about other such experiments, and that he was making a claim that he had conceived the experiment independently.<ref name=Tucker/>  
* [[June 3]] &ndash; A fire destroys 13,000 houses in [[Moscow]] in the [[Russian Empire]], only 11 days after a May 23 fire destroyed 5,000 homes; by June 6, two-thirds of the city has been damaged or destroyed.<ref>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p52</ref>
* [[June 13]] &ndash; The [[Logstown#Treaty_of_Logstown,_1752|Treaty of Logstown]] is signed by representatives of the [[Iroquois Confederation]], [[Lenape]] and [[Shawnee]] leaders, and commissioners from Virginia, headed by [[Joshua Fry]]. [[Christopher Gist]] and [[William Trent]] represent the [[Ohio Company]]. The treaty grants control over lands south and east of the Ohio River to the English, along with permission to build a fort on the site of what is now [[Pittsburgh]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Emilius Oviatt Randall|first=Daniel Joseph Ryan|title=History of Ohio: The Rise and Progress of an American State, Volume 1|year=1912|page=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9A4WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA211}}</ref>
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Pickawillany]] (now [[Piqua, Ohio]]), the capital of the [[Miami people|Miami Indian nation]], is attacked and burned by [[Odawa]], [[Ojibwe]] and [[France|French]] soldiers under the command of Odawa War Chief [[Charles Michel de Langlade]].<ref>Alan Axelrod, ''A Savage Empire: Trappers, Traders, Tribes, and the Wars That Made America'' (Macmillan, 2011) p131</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; In [[Istanbul]], [[Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha]] is dismissed from his position as [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] by the Ottoman Sultan, [[Mahmud I]].  The Sultan appoints Çorlulu Ali Pasha as the new Grand Vizier.
* [[July 30]] &ndash; The first of the [[Kronstadt]] canals, conceived by [[Peter the Great]] and designed to link two of the harbors of the Russian city, is completed and opened to maritime traffic.<ref>"A. P. Gannibal: On the Occasion of the Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Pushkin's Great-Grandfather", by N. K. Teletova, in ''Under the Sky of My Africa: Alexander Pushkin and Blackness'', ed. by Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy, et al. (Northwestern University Press, 2006) p69</ref> 
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Edward Cornwallis]], the British [[Governor of Nova Scotia]], is recalled to Britain after being unsuccessful in pressuring Nova Scotia's Acadian population to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown or to face expulsion.  His replacement, [[Peregrine Hopson]], is more lenient with the Acadians but is reassigned less than two years later.<ref>William Arceneaux, ''No Spark of Malice: The Murder of Martin Begnaud'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2004) p56</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; A group of Scottish Presbyterians who had fled to America from Scotland held the  first [[Covenanter]] communion in the 13 American colonies, meeting in [[New Kingstown, Pennsylvania]].<ref>Christine Clepper Musser, ''Images of America: Silver Spring Township'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2014) p31</ref> 
* [[August 25]] &ndash; The first group of the United Brethren church, commonly called the Moravians, leaves [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]] on a mission to find {{convert|100000|acre}} of land on which to build "Villages of the Lord" for German emigres to settle upon in America; after a {{convert|450|mile|adj=on}} journey, they arrive in [[Edenton, North Carolina]] on September 10 and eventually purchase the [[Wachovia Tract]], a set of lands in the western [[North Carolina]] colony.<ref>Beverly Hamel, ''American Chronicles: Bethania— The Village by the Black Walnut Bottom'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2009)</ref>
* [[September 2]] of [[Julian calendar]] (Wednesday) (September 13 "[[Old Style and New Style dates|New Style]]"){{snd}} [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] and the [[British Empire]] use the Julian calendar for the last time and adopt the [[Gregorian calendar]], making the next day Thursday, September 14 in the English-speaking world.  A newspaper at the time notes the next day that "Altho' we have more than once, for the Information of our Readers, publish'd some Accounts of the Alteration of the ''Style'', which took Place this Day, agreeable to [[Calendar (New Style) Act 1750|a late Act of Parliament]], in all his Majesty's Dominions in Europe, Asia, Africa and America" and notes that "The Supputation of the Year began on the first Day of January last, and for the future the first Day of that Month will be stiled the first Day of every Year in all Accounts whatsoever, which Supputation or Reckoning never took Place before this Year in any Courts of Law until the 25th Day of March", and adds, "This Day, had not this Act passed, would have been the 3rd of September, but is now reckoned the 14th, eleven nominal Days being omitted."  <ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-derby-mercury-the-british-empire-adv/141986032/ "Saturday's Post from the Whitehall and General Evening Posts"], ''The Derby Mercury'' (Derby, Derbyshire), September 15, 1752, p1</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 19]] — In his Philadelphia newspaper, the ''[[Pennsylvania Gazette]]'', [[Benjamin Franklin]] first describes the performance, in [[Philadelphia]] of the [[kite experiment]] that he had proposed in his 1750 book.  Although the original account makes no claim that he was the first to do the experiment (which had been done by other scientists (including Thomas-François Dalibard in May), nor that he conducted the test, and it does not give a date for the experiment, it becomes embellished as the story that Franklin "discovered electricity"; in 1766, the story first circulates that Franklin flew the kite in June, 1752, without specifying a date (as Franklin had done in other scientific accounts).<ref name=Tucker/>
* [[November 3]] &ndash; A hurricane destroys the Spanish settlement on Florida's [[Santa Rosa Island (Florida)|Santa Rosa Island]], leaving only two buildings standing;<ref>Jay Barnes, ''Florida's Hurricane History'' (University of North Carolina Press, 2012) p47</ref> the remaining residents decide to move from the [[barrier island]] on the Gulf of Mexico and to start a settlement on the nearby mainland and construct the Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, which later forms the nucleus of the city of [[Pensacola, Florida]].  
* [[November 8]] &ndash; British Governor Hopson of [[Nova Scotia]] and French [[Governor General of New France]], the [[Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville|Marquis Duquesne]], agree to a free exchange of deserters from each other's armies in Canada, with the understanding that neither side will execute a deserter once returned.<ref>Dianne Marshall, ''Heroes of the Acadian Resistance: The Story of Joseph Beausoleil Broussard and Pierre II Surette 1702-1765'' (Formac Publishing, 2011) p105</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; "[[Father Le Loutre's War]]", the war between the British Canadian colonists of [[Nova Scotia]] and the indigenous [[Mi'kmaq]] (Micmac) tribe halts temporarily when a [[Treaty of 1752|peace treaty]] is signed between the warring parties at [[Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia]].<ref>"Aboriginal Rights v. Government Legislation", by Graydon Nicholas, in ''The Maritimes: Tradition, Challenge'', ed. by George Peabody, et al. (Maritext, Ltd., 1987) p257</ref>  Governor Hopson, accompanied by former Governor Cornwallis, signs on behalf of the British and Chief Kopit ([[Jean-Baptiste Cope]]), the ''Sakamaw'' of the Mi'kmaq, signs on behalf of his people.
* [[December 5]] &ndash; The first presentation of a Shakespearean play in America is performed when a company of players stages ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]].<ref>"Shylock as the American Capitalist", by Elaine Brousseau, in ''Merchants, Barons, Sellers and Suits: The Changing Images of the Businessman through Literature'', ed. by Christa Mahalik (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010) p95</ref>