Editing 1753 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 3]] &ndash; King [[Binnya Dala]] of the [[Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom|Hanthawaddy Kingdom]] orders the burning of [[Inwa|Ava]], the former capital of the Kingdom of Burma. 
* [[January 29]] &ndash; After a month's absence, [[Elizabeth Canning]] returns to her mother's home in London and claims that she was abducted; the following criminal trial causes an uproar.
* [[February 17]] &ndash; The concept of [[electrical telegraph]]y is first published in the form of a letter to ''Scots' Magazine'' from a writer who identifies himself only as "C.M.".  Titled "An Expeditious Method of Conveying Intelligence", C.M. suggests that [[static electricity]] (generated by 1753 from "frictional machines") could send electric signals across wires to a receiver.  Rather than the dot and dash system later used by Samuel F.B. Morse, C.M. proposes that "a set of wires equal in number to the letters of the alphabet, be extended horizontally between two given places" and that on the receiving side, "Let a ball be suspended from every wire" and that a paper with a letter on it be underneath each wire.<ref>Anton A. Huurdeman, ''The Worldwide History of Telecommunications'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2003) p48</ref>
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Sweden]] adopts the [[Gregorian calendar]], by skipping the 11 days difference between it and the [[Julian calendar]], and letting February 17 be followed directly by March 1.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The [[Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753]] is passed by Britain's [[House of Lords]], permitting Jewish immigrants to England to become naturalized citizens "without receiving the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper".<ref name=Rabin>Dana Y. Rabin, ''Britain and its internal others, 1750-1800: Under rule of law'' (Oxford University Press, 2017)</ref>  The bill, introduced by [[George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax]], passes the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] on May 22.   
* [[May 1]] &ndash; ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' is published by [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] (adopted by the [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] as the formal start date of the [[scientific classification]] of [[plant]]s).
* [[May 22]] &ndash; The [[Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753]] passes the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]  and later receives royal assent from [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]].<ref name=Rabin/>   
* [[June 6]] &ndash; The [[Parliament of Great Britain]] passes [[Lord Hardwicke]]'s [[Marriage Act 1753|Marriage Act]] "for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage" in [[England and Wales]].<ref>''Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England: From the Norman Conquest, in 1066, to the Year, 1803'', Volume 15, p86</ref>  King George II adjourns Parliament the next day; the act comes into effect on March 25, [[1754]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; The [[British Museum]] is established in London, by Act of Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|title=British Museum, General History|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809184542/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx |archive-date=2007-08-09}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 7]] &ndash; The Parliament of Great Britain's [[Jewish Naturalization Act 1753|Jewish Naturalization Act]] receives [[royal assent]], allowing [[naturalization]] to [[Jew]]s; it is repealed in [[1754]].
[[File:Richmanns Tod 1753.jpg|200px|thumb|Richmann's electrocution]]
* [[August 6]] &ndash; Russian scientist [[Georg Wilhelm Richmann|Georg Richmann]] becomes the first person to be electrocuted by his own equipment after he uses an insulated, but improperly grounded, lightning rod in an attempt to gather data on a thunderstorm. Richmann also becomes the first victim of [[ball lightning]] during his scientific experiment, in an attempt to replicate the experiments of American [[Benjamin Franklin]].<ref>{{cite news |year=2000 |title=May 10, 1752: First Experiment to Draw Electricity from Lightning |url=https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200005/history.cfm |work=APS News |publisher=American Physical Society |page=6 |volume=9 |issue=5 }}</ref>
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The [[Moravian Church|Unity of Brethren]], a branch of the Moravian Church, receives a grant the [[Wachovia Tract]], {{convert|99985|acre|km2}} of land (approximately 157 square miles), in western [[North Carolina]], for the benefit of German-speaking immigrants to America.  The area now includes [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]].<ref>Johanna Miller Lewis, ''Artisans in the North Carolina Backcountry'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p28</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; After receiving a series of warnings about incursions into land claimed by the Crown Colony of Virginia (from the colony's Lieutenant Governor, [[Robert Dinwiddie]]), the cabinet of British Prime Minister [[Henry Pelham]] votes to send a warning to Britain's colonial governors "to prevent, by Force, These and any such attempts" to encroach on their lands "that may be made by the French, or by the Indians in the French interest."<ref>Fred Anderson, ''Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766'' (Vintage Books, 2000) p37</ref>  Britain's Secretary of State for the Southern Department, the [[Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness|Earl of Holderness]], sends the circular order on August 28.<ref>"French and Indian War", by Matt Schumann, in ''The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History'', ed. by Spencer Tucker, et al. (ABC-CLIO, 2011) p310</ref>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Tanacharison]], a chief of the [[Oneida people]] tribe that is one of the "Six Nations" of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]], meets with French officers who have come into the Ohio and Allegheny region and warns them not to advance further into the Iroquois territory.<ref>Darrell Fields and Lorrie Fields, ''The Seed of a Nation: Rediscovering America'' (Morgan James Publishing, 2007)</ref>    
* [[September 18]] &ndash; Britain's [[Board of Trade]] sends a directive to the colonial and provincial governors of Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania ordering them to send delegates to a summit meeting with the Iroquois Confederacy.  The message instructs the governors that King George II has ordered "a Sum of Money to be issued for Presents to the Six Nations of Indians" and ordering New York's Governor [[George Clinton (Royal Navy officer)|George Clinton]] "to hold an Interview with them for delivering these Presents, for burying the Hatchet, and for renewing the Covenant Chain with them."<ref>William R. Nester, ''The Great Frontier War: Britain, France, and the Imperial Struggle for North America, 1607-1755'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000) p42</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Virginia]] Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie commissions 21-year-old militia Major [[George Washington]] to dissuade the [[Kingdom of France|French]] from occupying the [[Ohio Country]].
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Spain]]'s [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|King Fernando VI]] issues a set of 25 regulations and restrictions for theatrical performances, including a requirement that the directors of the acting troupes "take the greatest care that the necessary modesty is preserved" and that the actors should be reminded that chastity requires that "indecent and provocative" dances should be avoided.<ref>Maurice Esses, ''Dance and Instrumental Diferencias in Spain During the 17th and Early 18th Centuries: History and background, music and dance'' (Pendragon Press, 1992) pp535-536</ref>
* [[November 12]] &ndash; A fire destroys the Emperor's Palace in [[Moscow]].<ref>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p52</ref>
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[José Alfonso Pizarro]] completes more than four years as the Spanish [[List of Viceroys of New Granada|Viceroy of New Granada]] (which comprises modern-day Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) and is succeeded by [[José Solís Folch de Cardona]].<ref>David Marley, ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008) p389</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] announces a competition among chemists and physicists to provide "the best explanation of the true causes of electricity including their theory", with a deadline of June 1, 1755 (on the Julian calendar used in Russia, June 12 on the Gregorian calendar used in Western Europe and the New World).<ref>"Hallerstein and Gruber's Scientific Heritage", by Stanislav Joze Juznic, in ''The Circulation of Science and Technology'': Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science (Societat Catalana d'Història de la Ciència i de la Tècnica, 2012) p358</ref>
* [[December 11]] &ndash; Major George Washington and British guide [[Christopher Gist]] arrive at [[Fort Le Boeuf]] (near modern-day [[Waterford, Pennsylvania]] and the city of [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]]), a French fortress built in territory claimed by the British Crown Colony of Virginia.  Washington presents the fort's commander, French Army Captain [[Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre]], a message from Virginia's Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie advising that "The lands upon the Ohio River are so notoriously known to be the property of the Crown of Great Britain that it is a matter of equal concern and surprise... to hear that a body of French fortresses and making settlements upon that river, within His Majesty's dominions," adding that "It becomes my duty to require your peaceable departure."  Captain Legardeur provides a reply for Washington to take to Dinwiddie, declaring that the rights of France's [[Louis XV of France|King Louis XV]] to the land "are incontestable", and refuses to back down, leading to beginning of the [[French and Indian War]] in 1754.<ref>John Hrastar, ''Breaking the Appalachian Barrier: Maryland as the Gateway to Ohio and the West, 1750–1850'' (McFarland, 2018) p96</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[James Lind]] writes ''A Treatise of the Scurvy''.
* [[Robert Wood (antiquarian)|Robert Wood]] publishes ''The ruins of Palmyra; otherwise Tedmor in the desart'' in [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]], making the ancient [[Syria]]n city of [[Palmyra]] known to the West.
* The Cramer family starts a brewing operation at [[Warstein]] in North Rhine-Westphalia, originating the [[Warsteiner]] brand.