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== Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 2]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of the Assunpink Creek]]: American general [[George Washington]]'s army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]], in a second battle at [[Trenton, New Jersey]]. * [[January 3]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Princeton]]: American general George Washington's army defeats British troops. * [[January 13]] – [[Mission Santa Clara de Asís]] is founded in what becomes [[Santa Clara, California]]. * [[January 15]] – [[Vermont]] declares its independence from New York, becoming the [[Vermont Republic]], an independent country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as the 14th state in [[1791]]. * [[January 21]] – The Continental Congress approves a resolution "that an unauthentic copy, with names of the signers of the [[Declaration of independence]], be sent to each of the United States.<ref name="Harper1777">{{cite book|title=Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1909|editor=Lossing, Benson John |editor2=Wilson, Woodrow|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1910|page=166}}</ref> *[[February 5]] – Under the [[Constitution of Georgia (U.S. state)|1st Constitution of Georgia]], 8 counties are chartered: [[Burke County, Georgia|Burke]], [[Camden County, Georgia|Camden]], [[Chatham County, Georgia|Chatham]], [[Effingham County, Georgia|Effingham]], [[Glynn County, Georgia|Glynn]], [[Liberty County, Georgia|Liberty]], [[Richmond County, Georgia|Richmond]], and [[Wilkes County, Georgia|Wilkes]]. This dissolves the existing parishes of St. George, St. Mary's, St. Thomas, St. Phillip, Christ Church, St. David, St. Matthews, St. Andrew, St. James, St. Johns, and St. Paul.<ref>Vyas, Amee. "Georgia's County Governments." New Georgia Encyclopedia. 31 October 2018. Web. 05 February 2019.https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/georgias-county-governments</ref> * [[February 24]] – King [[Joseph I of Portugal]] dies, and is succeeded by his daughter [[Maria I of Portugal]], and his brother and son-in-law [[Peter III of Portugal]]. * [[March 4]] – The Fourth Continental Congress, with [[John Hancock]] as president, begins a 199 day session in [[Philadelphia]], lasting until September 18.<ref name="Harper1777"/> * [[March 29]]–[[March 30|30]] – [[Third voyage of James Cook]]: English explorer [[James Cook|Captain Cook]] discovers [[Mangaia]] and [[Atiu]] in the [[Cook Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Joseph|last=King|title=Christianity in Polynesia: A Study and a Defence|url=https://archive.org/details/christianityinp01kinggoog|publisher=William Brooks and Co.|year=1899|page=[https://archive.org/details/christianityinp01kinggoog/page/n74 71]}}</ref> === April–June === * [[April 1]] – [[Friedrich Maximilian Klinger]]'s play ''[[Sturm und Drang (play)|Sturm und Drang]]'' is premiered by the [[Seyler Theatre Company]] in [[Leipzig]], giving its name to the whole ''[[Sturm und Drang]]'' movement in [[German literature]]. * [[April 13]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Bound Brook]]: A British and [[Hessian (soldier)|Hessian]] force led by Charles Cornwallis surprises a [[Continental Army]] outpost in [[New Jersey]], commanded by Major General [[Benjamin Lincoln]]. * [[April 27]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Ridgefield]]: The [[British Army]] defeats [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriot]] militias, galvanizing resistance in the [[Connecticut Colony]]. * [[May 8]] – [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]]'s [[comedy of manners]], ''[[The School for Scandal]]'', is first performed at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]] in London.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology331">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/331|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/331 331]}}</ref> * [[May 16]] – [[Gwinnett–McIntosh duel]]: [[Lachlan McIntosh]] and [[Button Gwinnett]] shoot each other during a [[duel]] near [[Savannah, Georgia]]. Gwinnett, a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]], dies three days later. * [[June 13]] – [[American Revolution]]: The [[Marquis de Lafayette]] lands near [[Georgetown, South Carolina]], to help the [[Continental Congress]] train its army. [[File:Flag of the United States (1777-1795).svg|thumb|upright| [[June 14]]: [[Flag of the United States|US Flag]] (had various star patterns)]] * [[June 14]] – The [[Flag of the United States|Stars and Stripes]] is adopted by the [[Continental Congress]] as the [[flag of the United States]]. * [[June 21]] – [[Encyclopædia Britannica Second Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Second Edition]] begins publication in [[Edinburgh]]. === July–December === * [[July 6]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)|Siege of Fort Ticonderoga]]: After a bombardment by [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] artillery under General [[John Burgoyne]], American forces retreat from [[Fort Ticonderoga]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. * [[July 7]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Hubbardton]]: British forces capture over 200 of the American rearguard, from Fort Ticonderoga. * [[July 8]] – The [[Constitution of Vermont (1777)|1777 Constitution]] of [[Vermont]] is signed, officially abolishing slavery. * [[August 6]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Oriskany]]: [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]]s gain a tactical victory over [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriot]]s; [[Iroquois]] fight on both sides. * [[August 16]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Bennington]]: [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] and [[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick]]er forces are decisively defeated by American troops at [[Walloomsac, New York]]. * [[August 22]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – The [[Siege of Fort Stanwix]] is ended by withdrawal of British forces, following a ruse by [[Benedict Arnold]] to persuade them that a much larger force is arriving. * [[September 3]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Cooch's Bridge]]: British and [[Hessian (soldier)|Hessian]] forces defeat an American [[Militia (United States)|militia]] in a minor skirmish in [[New Castle County, Delaware]]. * [[September 11]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Brandywine]]: The [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] gain a major victory in [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]], [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777|last = Harris|first = Michael|publisher = Savas Beatiuùuù hie|year = 2014|isbn = 978-1-61121-162-7|location = El Dorado Hills, CA|page = 55| language=en}}</ref> * [[September 19]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – First Battle of Saratoga ([[Battles of Saratoga#First Saratoga: Battle of Freeman's Farm|Battle of Freeman's Farm]]): Patriot forces withstand a British attack at Saratoga, New York.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ketchum |first=Richard M |title=Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War|publisher=Henry Holt|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8050-6123-9|ref=Ketchum|location=New York|oclc=41397623 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=upNhX8eAs_EC&q=howe|pages=52–55}} (Paperback {{ISBN|0-8050-6123-1}})</ref> * [[September 26]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – British troops occupy [[Philadelphia]]; members of the [[Continental Congress]] flee to [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]], where they meet and hold a one day session as the Fifth Congress before fleeing again.<ref name="Harper1777"/> * [[September 30]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – The Sixth [[Continental Congress]] opens its session at [[York, Pennsylvania]], and continues for 272 days until June 27, 1778.<ref name="Harper1777"/> * [[October 4]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Germantown]]: Troops under [[George Washington]] are repelled by [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] troops under [[Sir]] [[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe|William Howe]]. * [[October 6]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery]]: British troops capture [[Fort Clinton]] and [[Fort Montgomery (Hudson River)]], and are able to dismantle the [[Hudson River Chain]]. * [[October 7]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – Second Battle of Saratoga ([[Battles of Saratoga#Second Saratoga: Battle of Bemis Heights|Battle of Bemis Heights]]): British General [[John Burgoyne]] is defeated by American troops. * [[October 17]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[Battle of Saratoga]]: [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] General [[John Burgoyne]] surrenders to the American troops. * [[November 15]] – [[American Revolution]]: After 16 months of debate, the [[Continental Congress]] approves the [[Articles of Confederation]], in the temporary American capital at [[York, Pennsylvania]]. * [[November 17]] – [[American Revolution]]: The [[Articles of Confederation]] are submitted to the states for ratification. * [[November 29]] – [[San Jose, California]], is founded. It is the first ''[[pueblo]]'' in Spanish [[Alta California]]. * [[December 18]] – The United States celebrates its first [[Thanksgiving]], marking October's victory by the American rebels over British General [[John Burgoyne]] at Saratoga. * [[December 19]] – [[American Revolutionary War]] – [[George Washington]]'s [[Continental Army]] goes into winter quarters at [[Valley Forge, Pennsylvania]]. * [[December 20]] – [[Alawi dynasty|Morocco]] recognizes the [[United States of America|United States]] as a sovereign state. * [[December 24]] – [[Third voyage of James Cook]]: English explorer [[James Cook|Captain Cook]] locates [[Kiritimati]] (Christmas Island). * [[December 30]] – [[Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria]] dies and is succeeded by his distant cousin [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria]]. === Date unknown === * The [[code duello]] is adopted at the [[Clonmel]] Summer [[Assizes]] as the form for pistol [[duel]]s by gentlemen in Ireland. It is quickly denounced, but nevertheless widely adopted throughout the English-speaking world. * [[Kunsthochschule Kassel]] is founded in Germany as a fine arts academy. * [[Det Dramatiske Selskab (Denmark)|Det Dramatiske Selskab]] is founded in Copenhagen (Denmark) as an acting academy. * [[George II Frederic]] is crowned as king of the [[Miskito Kingdom]].</onlyinclude>
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