Editing 1788 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – The first edition of ''[[The Times]]'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in [[London]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steinberg |first1=S. H. |title=Five Hundred Years of Printing |date=2017 |publisher=Courier Dover Publications |isbn=9780486814452 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAONDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 2]] – [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the fourth [[U.S. state]] under the new government.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of population and housing (2000): Georgia Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VHtNij1aQYC&pg=PP13|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4289-8569-8|pages=13}}</ref>
* [[January 9]] – [[Connecticut]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the fifth [[U.S. state]].
* [[January 18]] – The leading ship (armed tender [[HMS Supply (1759)|HMS ''Supply'']]) in Captain [[Arthur Phillip]]'s [[First Fleet]] arrives at [[Botany Bay]], to colonise Australia.
* [[January 22]] – The [[Continental Congress|Congress of the Confederation]], effectively a [[caretaker government]] until the United States Constitution can be ratified by at least nine of the 13 states, elects [[Cyrus Griffin]] as its last [[President of the Continental Congress|president]].<ref name="Harper1788">''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p167</ref>
* [[January 24]] – The [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse|La Perouse]] expedition in the ''[[French ship Astrolabe (1781)|Astrolabe]]'' and ''[[French ship Boussole (1782)|Boussole]]'' arrives off [[Botany Bay]], just as Captain [[Arthur Phillip]] is attempting to move his colony from there to [[Sydney Cove]] in [[Port Jackson]].
* [[January 26]] – [[Australia Day]]: Eleven ships of the [[First Fleet]] from [[Botany Bay]], led by Captain [[Arthur Phillip]], land at [[Sydney Cove]] (which will become Sydney), Australia, where he determines to establish the British prison colony of [[Colony of New South Wales|New South Wales]], the first permanent European settlement on the continent.
* [[January 31]] – [[Henry Benedict Stuart]] becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Henry IX and the figurehead of [[Jacobitism]].
* [[February 1]] – [[Isaac Briggs]] and [[William Longstreet]] patent a [[steamboat]].
* [[February 6]] – [[Massachusetts]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the sixth [[U.S. state]].
* [[February 7]] – Sydney is named and founded, by the British Colony of New South Wales.
* [[February 9]] – [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] enters the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)]], and attacks [[Moldavia]].
* [[February 17]] – The uninhabited [[Lord Howe Island]] is discovered by the brig [[HMS Supply (1759)|HMS ''Supply'']], commanded by [[Henry Lidgbird Ball|Lieutenant Ball]], who is on his way from [[Botany Bay]] to [[Norfolk Island]] with convicts to start a penal settlement there. They arrive at Norfolk Island on [[March 6]].
* [[March 10]] – The [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse|La Perouse]] expedition leaves [[Sydney Cove]] for [[New Caledonia]], never to be seen again.
* [[March 14]] – The ''[[Edinburgh Evening Courant]]'' carries a notice of £200 reward for the capture of [[William Brodie]], a town councilor doubling as a burglar.
* [[March 21]] – The [[Great New Orleans Fire (1788)|Great New Orleans Fire]] destroys 856 buildings, including [[St. Louis Cathedral (New Orleans)|St. Louis Cathedral]] and [[The Cabildo]], leaving most of the town in ruins.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 7]] – [[American pioneers to the Northwest Territory|American pioneers]] establish the town of [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]] (in modern-day [[Ohio]]), the first permanent American settlement outside the original [[Thirteen Colonies]].
* [[April 13]] – America's first recorded riot, the '[[1788 Doctors' riot|Doctors' Mob]]', begins. Residents of Manhattan are angry about grave robbers stealing bodies for doctors to dissect. The rioting is suppressed on [[April 15]].
* [[April 28]] – [[Maryland]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the seventh [[U.S. state]].
* [[May 10]] – The [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]] (''Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern''), [[Sweden]]'s national drama company, is founded.
* [[May 15]] – The [[Australian frontier wars]] begin.
* [[May 23]] – [[South Carolina]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the eighth [[U.S. state]].
* [[June 7]] – France: [[Day of the Tiles]], which some consider the beginning of the [[French Revolution]].
* [[June 9]] – The [[African Association]], an exploration group dedicated to plotting the [[Niger River]] and finding [[Timbuktu]], is founded in England.
* [[June 17]] – English captains [[Thomas Gilbert (sea captain)|Thomas Gilbert]] and [[John Marshall (British captain)|John Marshall]], returning from [[Botany Bay]], become the first Europeans to encounter the [[Gilbert Islands]] in the Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=1944-05-22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk8EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Thomas+Gilbert%22+captain+pacific&pg=PA91|title=The Gilberts & Marshalls: A distinguished historian recalls the past of two recently captured Pacific groups|magazine=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|author-link=Samuel Eliot Morison|first=Samuel Eliot|last=Morison|pages=91–101|access-date=2011-12-14}}</ref> They also chart islands in "Lord Mulgrove's range", later known as the [[Marshall Islands]].
* [[June 21]] – [[New Hampshire]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the ninth [[U.S. state]], enabling the Constitution to go into effect. (The latter happens on [[March 4]], [[1789]], when the first Congress elected under the new Constitution assembles.)
* [[June 25]] – The [[Virginia Ratifying Convention]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the tenth [[U.S. state]] under the new government.
* [[June 26]] – [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], in [[Vienna]], completes his antepenultimate symphony, now called the ''[[Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 39]] in E-flat''.
* [[June 27]] – The [[Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)]] breaks out following a staged attack on Swedish troops in [[Puumala]], present-day Finland.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 13]] – A [[hailstorm]] sweeps across France and the [[Dutch Republic]], with hailstones 'as big as quart bottles' that take 'three days to melt'; immense damage is done.<ref>{{cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J. M.|publisher=John Baker|location=London|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref>
* [[July 24]] – Governor General [[Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester|Lord Dorchester]], by proclamation issued from the [[Chateau St. Louis]] in [[Quebec City]], divides the British [[Province of Quebec (1763–91)|Province of Quebec]] into five Districts, namely: Gaspé, [[Home District|Nassau]], [[Eastern District, Upper Canada|Lunenburg]], [[Midland District, Upper Canada|Mecklenburg]], and [[Western District, Upper Canada|Hesse]].
* [[July 26]] – New York ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the eleventh [[U.S. state]].
* [[July 28]] – [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], in [[Vienna]], completes his penultimate symphony, now called the ''[[Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 40]] in G Minor''.
* [[August 8]] – King [[Louis XVI of France]] agrees to convene the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] meeting in [[May]] [[1789]], the first time since [[1614]].
* [[August 10]] – Emperor [[Shah Alam II]] was [[Blinding (punishment)|blinded]] by a maddened Indo-Afghan commander [[Ghulam Kadir|Ghulam Qadir Rohilla]] who sought revenge against the [[Mughal Empire]].
* [[August 10]] – [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], in [[Vienna]], completes his final symphony, now called the ''[[Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 41]] in C Major'', and nicknamed (after his death) ''The Jupiter.''
* [[August 12]] – The [[Anjala conspiracy]] is signed.<ref>[http://www.anjala-seura.info/anjalan_liitto/Untitled-1.htm Anjalan liitto – Anjala-seura] (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[August 27]] – The trial of Deacon [[William Brodie]] for [[burglary]] begins in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland; he is sentenced to death by hanging.
* [[September 13]] – The United States [[Congress of the Confederation]] passes an act providing a timeline for the voting for the first President under the new U.S. Constitution.<ref name=Hening>William Waller Hening, ed., ''The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature, in the Year 1619'' (George Cochran Publishing, 1823) p653
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* [[September 21]] – [[Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)|Austro-Turkish War]] - [[Battle of Karánsebes]]: The Austrian army engages in a friendly-fire incident, which results in mass casualties.
* [[September 24]] – The ''[[Theater War]]'' begins, when the army of [[Denmark–Norway]] invades Sweden.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 1]] – [[William Brodie]] is [[hanging|hanged]] at the [[Tolbooth]] in Edinburgh.
* [[October 21]] – The 14th and last session of the [[Continental Congress]] and (the 6th as Congress under the Articles of Confederation) is adjourned.<ref name="Harper1788"/> 
* [[October]] – King [[George III of the United Kingdom]] becomes deranged; the [[Regency Crisis of 1788]] starts.
* [[November 8]] – Voting takes place in the 11 states that have ratified the United States Constitution for the first U.S. Senators; in Virginia, Richard Henry Lee and William Grayson, both anti-federalists, receive the highest number of votes in the Virginia Senate.<ref>Frank Fletcher Stephens, ''The Transitional Period, 1788–1789, in the Government of the United States'' (University of Missouri Press, 1909) pp17-18</ref>
* [[November 15]] – [[Cyrus Griffin]] of Virginia completes his service as the last [[President of the Continental Congress|President of the Congress of the Confederation]], under the [[Articles of Confederation]].
* [[November 20]] – In the United Kingdom, the Houses of Parliament are given the first formal report by [[William Pitt the Younger|Prime Minister Pitt]] of the mental illness of King George III. Parliament adjourns for two weeks, to await the results of examinations by royal physicians.<ref>Robert Huish, ''Memoirs of George the Fourth: Descriptive of the Most Interesting Scenes of His Private and Public Life, and the Important Events of His Memorable Reign'' (Thomas Kelly Publishers, 1830) p195</ref> 
* [[November 25]] – Fifty consecutive days of temperatures below freezing strike [[France]], a record that will be unbroken more than 200 years later.<ref>David Andress, ''The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution'' (Oxford University Press, 2015)</ref>
* [[December 6]] – [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)]]: The Ottoman fortress of [[Özi]] falls to the Russians after a prolonged siege, and a murderous storm with a temperature of {{convert|-23|C|F}}.
* [[December 14]] – King [[Charles III of Spain]] dies, and is succeeded by his son [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]].
* [[December]] – [[Robert Burns]] writes his version of the [[Scots language|Scots]] poem ''[[Auld Lang Syne]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/robertburns/works/auld_lang_syne/|title=Robert Burns – Auld Lang Syne|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=2012-01-26}}</ref>

=== Undated ===
* Annual British iron production reaches 68,000 tons.
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