Editing 1792 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 9]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Jassy]] ends the [[Russian Empire]]'s war with the [[Ottoman Empire]] over [[Crimea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1792 |title=Historical Events for Year 1792 &#124; OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |year=1792 |access-date=2016-07-14}}</ref>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; The [[London Corresponding Society]] is founded.
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Thomas Holcroft]] produces the comedy ''[[The Road to Ruin (play)|The Road to Ruin]]'' in London.
* [[February 20]]
** The [[Postal Service Act]], establishing the [[United States Postal Service|United States Post Office Department]], is signed by President [[George Washington]].<ref name="Harper1792">''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169</ref>
** [[Parliament House, Dublin]] catches fire during a legislative session. "Although in imminent danger of the roof falling in," it is noted later, "the House did not adjourn until a proper motion had been put and carried in the affirmative."<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp62.</ref>
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]], the last emperor, takes office.
* [[March 7]] &ndash; A settlement is formed in [[Sierra Leone]] in West Africa as a home for freed slaves.<ref name="BBC History timeline">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|title=BBC History British History Timeline|access-date=2007-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909012414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|archive-date=2007-09-09}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Assassination of Gustav III]]: King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] is shot in the back by [[Jacob Johan Anckarström]], at a midnight [[Masquerade ball|masquerade]] at the Royal Opera in Stockholm; he lives until [[March 29]], and is then succeeded by his 14-year-old son, [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]].
* [[March 20]] &ndash; A new capital of [[North Carolina]], and seat of the newly formed [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]], is established after North Carolina [[State senator]] and surveyor William Christmas submits his design for the city.  A few months later, the capital is officially named [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], in honor of Sir [[Walter Raleigh]].
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Haitian Revolution]]: [[Battle of Croix-des-Bouquets]] – Black slave insurgents gain a victory in the first major battle of the revolution.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Madiou|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Madiou|title=Histoire d'Haïti, Tome I|year=1847|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vN4CAAAAYAAJ&q=Histoire+d'Haiti,+Volume+1+Par+Thomas+Madiou&pg=PA363|language=French|page=102}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; The [[National Legislative Assembly (France)]] agrees that the [[guillotine]] should be used for judicial executions.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; The [[Coinage Act of 1792|Coinage Act]] is passed, establishing the [[United States Mint]].<ref name="Harper1792"/>
* [[April 5]] &ndash; United States President [[George Washington]] [[veto]]es a bill designed to apportion representatives among [[U.S. state]]s. This is the first time the presidential veto is used in the United States.
* [[April 20]] &ndash; France declares war against Austria, beginning the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and the [[War of the First Coalition]].
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Tiradentes]], a leading figure in the [[Inconfidência Mineira]] conspiracy, is executed in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Viceroyalty of Brazil|Brazil]].
* [[April 25]]
** [[Highwayman]] [[Nicolas Jacques Pelletier|Nicolas Pelletier]] becomes the first person executed by [[guillotine]] in France.
** ''[[La Marseillaise]]'', the French [[national anthem]], is composed by [[Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle]].
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition]]: Captain [[Robert Gray (sea captain)|Robert Gray]], on the ''[[Columbia Rediviva]]'', becomes the first white man to discover the mouth of the [[Columbia River]].<ref name="Harper1792"/>
* [[May 17]] &ndash; The [[Buttonwood Agreement]] is signed, beginning the [[New York Stock Exchange]].
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[War in Defence of the Constitution]]: Russia invades Poland.
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami]]: An old lava dome collapses in [[Kyūshū]], Japan, due to activity of [[Mount Unzen]] volcano; the resulting [[avalanche]] and [[tsunami]] kill about 14,300 people.
* [[May 29]] &ndash; The [[Great Sejm]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] is disbanded following the [[Polish–Russian War of 1792|Russian invasion of Poland]].
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Kentucky]] becomes the 15th state of the United States of America.<ref name="Harper1792"/>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; Captain [[George Vancouver]] claims [[Puget Sound]] for Great Britain.
* [[June 13]]
** Vancouver becomes the first European to enter [[Burrard Inlet]].
** [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] declares war against France.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Polish–Russian War of 1792|Polish–Russian War]]: [[Battle of Dubienka]] – Soldiers of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], led by [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]], resist an attack from [[Imperial Russian Army]] forces five times their size.
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick|Charles William Ferdinand]], [[Duke of Brunswick]], commander of the Allied army issues the [[Brunswick Manifesto]] threatening the Parisians with military execution and complete destruction should the French royal family be harmed in any way.
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: [[Insurrection of 10 August 1792]] – The [[Tuileries Palace]] is stormed and [[Louis XVI of France]] is arrested and taken into custody.
* [[August 29]]&ndash;[[September 2]] &ndash; [[War of the First Coalition]]: [[Battle of Verdun (1792)|Battle of Verdun]] – Prussian forces defeat French troops led by [[Nicolas-Joseph Beaurepaire]].<ref>{{Cite book|first1=Anne|last1=Blanchard|first2=Philippe|last2=Contamine|title=Histoire militaire de la France|volume=2 : de 1715 à 1871|publisher=PUF|year=1992|page=264|language=fr|isbn=978-2-13-044415-2}}.</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; Royalist Louis Collenot d'Angremont becomes the first person executed by [[guillotine]] for political reasons, in Paris.
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Macartney Embassy]]: [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney]], sails from [[Portsmouth]] in [[HMS Lion (1777)|HMS ''Lion'']] as the first official envoy from Great Britain to China.
* [[September 2]]&ndash;[[September 7|7]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: [[September Massacres]] &ndash; Rampaging mobs slaughter three [[Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]]s and more than 200 [[priest]]s, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.
* [[September 11]] &ndash; Six men steal some of the former [[French Crown Jewels]] from a warehouse where the revolutionary government has stored them.
* [[September 12]] &ndash; The town of  [[Fort Borbon]] is founded by Governor Joaquín Alós y Bru. Nowadays it is called [[Fuerte Olimpo]].
* [[September 14]] &ndash; Radical antimonarchist [[Thomas Paine]] flees from England to France after being indicted for treason. He is [[Trial in absentia|tried ''in absentia'']] during December and [[outlaw]]ed.<ref name=CBH232233>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=232–233|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
[[File:Valmy Battle painting.jpg|thumb|right| [[September 20]]: [[Battle of Valmy]].]]
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: [[Battle of Valmy]] &ndash; The French revolutionary army defeats the Prussians under the [[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Duke of Brunswick]] after a 7-hour artillery duel.
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: A [[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy]] by the French Convention goes into effect, and the [[French First Republic]] is established, effective the following day.
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: The [[Calendar era|Era]] of the historical [[French Republican Calendar]] begins.
* [[September 30]] – [[Chickamauga Cherokee]] launch an attack on [[Middle Tennessee]] to exterminate the White settlers; they are stopped at the opening battle at [[Buchanan's Station]] outside [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashboro]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; The [[Baptist Missionary Society]] is founded in [[Kettering]], England.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; A militia departs from the Spanish [[Valdivian Fort System|stronghold]] of [[Valdivia]] to quell a [[Huilliche uprising of 1792|Huilliche uprising]] in southern Chile.<ref>{{cite book
 | last       = Barros Arana
 | first      = Diego
 | author-link1 = Diego Barros Arana 
 | title      = Historia General de Chile
 | volume     = VII
 | url        = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-9008.html
 | year       = 2000
 | orig-year   = 1886
 | edition    = 2
 | publisher  = [[Editorial Universitaria]]
 | location   = Santiago, Chile
 | isbn       = 956-11-1535-2 
 | language   = es
 |chapter = Capítulo XVII
 |pages = 66–70
  }}</ref>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; The first [[Columbus Day]] celebration in the United States is held in New York City, 300 years after his arrival in the New World.
* [[October 13]] &ndash; Foundation of [[Washington, D.C.]]: The cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the [[White House]] after [[1818]]) is laid.
[[File:Mount Hood reflected in Mirror Lake, Oregon.jpg|thumb|right| [[October 29]]: [[Mount Hood]] is named.]]
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[Mount Hood]] ([[Oregon]]) is named after British Admiral [[Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood|Lord Hood]] by [[William Robert Broughton|Lt. William Broughton]] of the [[Vancouver Expedition]], who spots the mountain near the mouth of the [[Willamette River]].
* [[November 6]]
** [[War of the First Coalition]]: [[Battle of Jemappes]] &ndash; Austrian armies under the command of [[Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen|Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen]] are defeated in Belgium (at this time part of the Austrian Netherlands) by the French Army led by General [[Charles François Dumouriez]].<ref>Eric J. Evans, ''The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870'' (Routledge, 2014)</ref>
** The [[1792 United States presidential election|second United States presidential election]] is held. Incumbent President [[George Washington]] receives all 132 electoral votes for president, and incumbent Vice President [[John Adams]] is re-elected with 77 of 132 votes, with [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] receiving 50.<ref name="Harper1792"/>
* [[November 19]] &ndash; France's [[National Convention]] passes a resolution pledging French support for the overthrow of the governments of other nations.<ref>Robert Bisset, ''The Reign of George III: To which is Prefixed a View of the Progressive Improvements of England in Property and Strength to the Accession of His Majesty'', Volume 2 (Edward Parker, 1822) p855</ref>
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[George Washington]] is re-elected president of the United States.
* [[December 26]] &ndash; The trial of [[Louis XVI of France]] begins.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Tipu Sultan]] invades [[Kerala]], India, but is repulsed.
* Hungarian astronomer [[Franz Xaver von Zach]] publishes ''The Tables of the Sun'', an essential early work for navigation.
* [[Claude Chappe]] successfully demonstrates the first [[semaphore line]], between Paris and Lille.
* Scottish engineer [[William Murdoch]] begins experimenting with [[gas lighting]].
* George Anschutz constructs the first [[blast furnace]] in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]'s ''[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]]'', one of the earliest works of feminist literature, is published in London.
* [[Barthélemy Catherine Joubert]], future French general, becomes sub-lieutenant.
* [[Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]] becomes [[Kapellmeister]] in [[Vienna]].
* The [[State Street Corporation]] is founded, in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].
* The [[Insurance Company of North America]] (later [[Chubb Limited|Chubb]]) is founded in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]].
* Shiloh Meeting House, predecessor of Shiloh United Methodist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia, is founded.
* The first [[written examination]]s in Europe are held at the [[University of Cambridge]] in England.
* The composer [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] moves to [[Vienna]] from Bonn to study with [[Haydn]]. He would live in Vienna for the rest of his life.
* [[James Johnstone (explorer)|James Johnstone]] establishes that [[Vancouver Island]] is an [[island]].