Editing 1799 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 9]] – British Prime Minister [[William Pitt the Younger]] introduces an [[income tax]] of two [[shilling]]s to the [[pound sterling|pound]], to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]].
* [[January 17]] – [[Maltese people|Maltese]] patriot [[Dun Mikiel Xerri]], along with a number of other patriots, is executed.
* [[January 21]] – The [[Parthenopean Republic]] is established in Naples by French General [[Jean Étienne Championnet]]; King [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] flees.
* [[January 27]] – [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: [[Macau Incident (1799)|Macau Incident]] – French and Spanish warships encounter a British [[Royal Navy]] escort squadron in the [[Wanshan Archipelago]] of China inconclusively.
* [[February 9]] – [[Quasi-War]]: In the single-ship action of [[USS Constellation vs L'Insurgente|USS ''Constellation'' vs ''L'Insurgente'']] in the Caribbean, the American ship is the victor.
* [[February 28]] – [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: [[Action of 28 February 1799]] – British Royal Navy frigate [[French frigate Sibylle (1791)|HMS ''Sybille'']] defeats the [[French frigate Forte (1794)|French frigate ''Forte'']] off the mouth of the [[Hooghly River]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]], but both captains are killed.
* [[March 1]] – [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] [[James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)|James Ross]] becomes [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]].
* [[March 4]] – The Russo-Ottoman [[Siege of Corfu (1798–1799)]] ends with the surrender of the French garrison,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1799|title=Historical Events for Year 1799 &#124; OnThisDay.com|website=Historyorb.com|date=October 12, 1799 |access-date=July 11, 2016}}</ref> bringing an end to the first period of [[French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)]].
* [[March 7]] – [[War of the Second Coalition]]: [[Siege of Jaffa]] – [[Napoleon]] captures [[Jaffa]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] from the Ottomans and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
* [[March 14]] – The public premiere of [[Haydn]]’s oratorio ''[[The Creation (Haydn)|The Creation]]'' takes place at the [[Burgtheater]] in Vienna.
* [[March 21]] – War of the Second Coalition: Victory of [[Archduke Charles]] and the Austrian army over the French army of [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]] at the [[Battle of Ostrach]].
* [[March 23]] – War of the Second Coalition: Victory of [[Franjo Jelačić]] and the Austrian army over the French army of [[André Masséna]] at the [[Battle of Feldkirch]].
* [[March 25]] – War of the Second Coalition: Victory of [[Archduke Charles]] and the Austrian army over the French army of [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]] at the [[Battle of Stockach (1799)]], a key crossroads at the western end of Lake Constance.  
* [[March 29]] – New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing [[slavery]] in the state.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 16]] – [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: At the [[Battle of Mount Tabor (1799)|Battle of Mount Tabor]] severely outnumbered French forces repulse an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] attack.
* [[April 27]] – [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: The [[Battle of Cassano (1799)|Battle of Cassano]] takes place outside of [[Milan]], as Russian and Austrian troops commanded by General [[Alexander Suvorov]] rout the French Army under the command of General [[Jean Moreau]].
* [[April 28]] – Two French diplomats to the [[Second Congress of Rastatt]] are killed and another badly injured by Austrian cavalry, as they tried to leave the town. An inquiry was held, which blamed French emigres. 
* [[May 4]] – [[Battle of Seringapatam]]: [[Tipu Sultan]] is defeated and killed by the British; the [[captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam]] ends.
* [[May 21]] – The [[Siege of Acre (1799)|Siege of Acre]] ends after two months; [[Napoleon]]'s attempt to widen his Middle Eastern campaign into Syria is frustrated by Ottoman forces, and he withdraws to Egypt.
* [[May 27]] – [[Battle of Winterthur (1799)|Battle of Winterthur]]: [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] forces secure control of north-east Switzerland, from the French [[Army of the Danube]].
* [[June 7]] – Four days of fighting ends in victory for [[Archduke Charles]] and the Austrian army over the French army under [[André Masséna]] at the [[First Battle of Zurich]]
* [[June 13]] – [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] is restored to his kingdom following the collapse of the [[Parthenopean Republic]].
* [[June 17]] – [[War of the Second Coalition]]: [[Battle of Trebbia (1799)|Battle of the Trebbia]] – The beginning of the battle that marked the debacle of [[Étienne Macdonald, duc de Tarente|Étienne Macdonald]]'s French army. [[Suvorov]] scores a comprehensive victory.
* [[June 18]] – [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: [[Action of 18 June 1799]] – A French frigate squadron, under Rear-admiral [[Jean-Baptiste Perrée|Perrée]], is captured by the British fleet under [[George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith|Lord Keith]], off [[Toulon]].

=== July–September ===
* [[July 7]] – [[Ranjit Singh]]'s men take their positions outside [[Lahore]].
* [[July 12]] – [[Ranjit Singh]] captures [[Lahore]] from the [[Bhangi Misl]], a key step in establishing the [[Sikh Empire]], and becoming [[Maharaja]] of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]].
* [[July 15]] – In the Egyptian port city of [[Rosetta]], French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* [[July 25]] – At [[Aboukir]], Egypt, [[Napoleon]] defeats 10,000 [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Mamluk]] troops under [[Mustafa Pasha (Egypt)|Mustafa Pasha]].
* [[August 15]] – War of the Second Coalition: [[Battle of Novi (1799)|Battle of Novi]] – the defeat of [[Barthélemy Catherine Joubert|Barthélemy Joubert]]'s army by [[Suvorov]]'s Austrian–Russian troops.
* [[August 27]] – [[War of the Second Coalition]] – [[Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland]]: Britain and Russia send an expedition to the [[Batavian Republic]].
* [[August 29]] – [[Pope Pius VI]], at the time the longest reigning Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, dies as a [[prisoner of war]] in the citadel of the French city of [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], after 24½ years of rule.
* [[August 30]] – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – [[Vlieter Incident]]: A squadron of the [[Batavian Republic]]'s navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral [[Samuel Story]], surrenders to the British Royal Navy, under Sir [[Ralph Abercromby]] and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell, near [[Wieringen]], without joining action.
* [[September 10]] – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland - [[Battle of Krabbendam]]: the Russo-British expedition force defends its initial gains from attacks by Franco-Dutch forces.<ref>* {{in lang|nl}} {{Aut|[[Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff|Krayenhoff, C.R.T.]]}} (1832) ''Geschiedkundige Beschouwing van den Oorlog op het grondgebied der Bataafsche Republiek in 1799.'' J.C. Vieweg [https://books.google.com/books?id=vFtKAAAAMAAJ&dq=Guericke+Keeten&pg=PA68] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112123926/https://books.google.com/books?id=vFtKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=Guericke+Keeten&source=bl&ots=Ng0K4OxDRd&sig=SwRgFQxbDVeVqlWDPn6dJIENn8s&hl=en&ei=sDLmSbGnEaPoswPOsJj1AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#PPA68,M1|date=November 12, 2022}} Page=115</ref>
* [[September 18]] – Victory of [[Archduke Charles]] and the Austrian army at the [[Battle of Mannheim (1799)]] over a French force under [[Jacques Léonard Muller]]
* [[September 19]] – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland - [[Battle of Bergen (1799)|Battle of Bergen]]: Franco-Dutch forces hold their ground against the Russo-British expedition force.
* [[September 23]] – [[Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford]], the [[Governor of British Ceylon]] (now [[Sri Lanka]]), issues a proclamation declaring that the laws of the Netherlands for the conquered [[Dutch Ceylon]] shall be enforced until superseded by new laws.<ref>{{cite book|first=T.|last=Nadaraja|title=The Legal System of Ceylon in Its Historical Setting|publisher=E. J. Brill|year=1972|page=181}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] – the [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Second Roman Republic]], a [[puppet state]] formed by the French Army after their dissolution of the [[Papal States]] and the occupation of [[Rome]], is dissolved 19 months after its creation on February 15, 1798.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=The Protagonists and the Principal Phases of the Roman Republic of 1798 to 1799|first=Marina|last=Formica|title=Tosca's Prism: Three Moments of Western Cultural History|editor=Burton, Deborah |display-editors=etal|publisher=Northeastern University Press|year=2004|page=67}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] – [[Suvorov's Swiss campaign]] – [[Battle of Muottental|Battle of the Muottental]]: the rout of Masséna's French troops by Suvorov's army.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 2]] – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – [[Battle of Alkmaar (1799)|Battle of Alkmaar]]: the Russo-British expedition force wins a small tactical victory over the Franco-Dutch forces.
* [[October 6]] – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – [[Battle of Castricum]]: Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Review of Military History|title=not known|publisher=ICMH, International Commission of Military History|year=1984|page=40}}</ref>
* [[October 9]] – {{HMS|Lutine|1779|6}} (a famous treasure wreck) is sunk in the [[West Frisian Islands]].
* [[October 12]] – [[Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse]] becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of {{convert|900|m|ft}}.
* [[October 16]] – [[Action of 16 October 1799]]: A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than £54,000,000 is captured by the British [[Royal Navy]] off [[Vigo]].
* [[October 18]] – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Anglo-Russian expedition forces surrender in [[North Holland]].
* [[November 5]] – [[HMS Sceptre (1781)|HMS ''Sceptre'']] is driven ashore and wrecked in a storm in [[Table Bay]], South Africa, with the loss of 349 and 41 survivors.<ref>{{cite book|title=The United Service Magazine|chapter=The Autobiography of Sir John Barrow|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C6sktnjjNBIC|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C6sktnjjNBIC/page/n187 337]|year=1847|access-date=November 4, 2008|publisher=H. Colburn}}</ref>
* [[November 9]] ([[Coup of 18 Brumaire]]) – [[Napoleon]] overthrows the [[French Directory]] in a ''coup d'état'', which ends the [[French Revolution]].
* [[November 10]] (19 Brumaire) – A remnant of the [[Council of Ancients]] in France abolishes the [[Constitution of the Year III]], and ordains the [[French Consulate]] with Napoleon as First Consul, with the [[Constitution of the Year VIII]].
* [[November 30]] – [[1799–1800 Papal conclave]] opens in [[Venice]] at [[San Giorgio Monastery]].
* [[December 3]] – War of the Second Coalition: [[Battle of Wiesloch (1799)|Battle of Wiesloch]]: Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal [[Anton Sztáray]] defeats the French at [[Wiesloch]].
* [[December 10]] – France adopts the metre as its official unit of length.
* [[December 14]] – [[George Washington]], first President of the United States, dies at [[Mount Vernon, Virginia]], aged 67.
* [[December 31]] – The [[Dutch East India Company]]'s charter is allowed to expire by the [[Batavian Republic]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The Place Royale in Paris is renamed ''[[Place des Vosges]]'', when the Department of Vosges becomes the first to pay new Revolutionary taxes.
* [[Eli Whitney]], holding a 1798 United States government contract for the manufacture of [[musket]]s, is introduced by [[Oliver Wolcott Jr.]] to the  concept of [[interchangeable parts]], an origin of the [[American system of manufacturing]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Woodbury|first=Robert S.|year=1960|title=The Legend of Eli Whitney and Interchangeable Parts|journal=[[Technology and Culture]]|volume=1|issue=3 |pages=235–253 |doi=10.2307/3101392|jstor=3101392|s2cid=147367529 }}</ref>
* Conrad John Reed, 12, finds what he describes as a "heavy yellow rock" along Little Meadow Creek in [[Cabarrus County, North Carolina]], and makes it a doorstop in his home. Conrad's father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802, initiating the first gold rush in the United States.
* The assassination of the 14th [[Tu'i Kanokupolu]], [[Tukuʻaho]], [[Tonga]] begins half a century of civil war in [[Tonga]].
* The [[Nawab]] (provincial governor) of [[Oudh]] in northern India sends to [[George III]] of Great Britain the ''[[Padshah Nama]]'', an official history of the reign of [[Shah Jahan]].
* [[William Cockerill]] begins building [[cotton-spinning machinery|cotton-spinning]] equipment in Belgium.
* The small town of [[Tignish, Prince Edward Island]], Canada is founded.</onlyinclude>