Editing 1810 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – Major-General [[Lachlan Macquarie]] officially becomes Governor of [[New South Wales]].<ref>{{Cite book| last=Ward|first=Russel| title=Australia: a short history |year=1975 |publisher=Ure Smith| edition=rev| isbn=978-0-7254-0164-1| url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9442954 | page=36}}</ref>
* [[January 4]] – Australian [[Seal hunting|seal hunter]] [[Frederick Hasselborough]] discovers [[Campbell Island, New Zealand|Campbell Island]], in the [[Subantarctic]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mills|first=William James|title=Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2003|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=9781576074220|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PYdBH4dOOM4C&q=Exploring+polar+frontiers}}</ref>
* [[January 12]] – The marriage of [[Napoleon]] and [[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Joséphine]] is annulled.<ref>{{cite book|title=Modern Europe a popular History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrkhzbYW3IsC|year=1970|page=64}}</ref>
* [[February 13]] – After seizing [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]], [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], [[Seville]] and [[Granada]], Napoleonic troops enter [[Málaga]] under the command of General [[Horace Sebastiani]].
* [[February 17]] – [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] decrees that [[Rome]] would become the second capital of the [[First French Empire|French Empire]]. 
* [[February 20]] – [[County of Tyrol|Tyrolean]] rebel leader [[Andreas Hofer]] is executed.
* [[March 11]] – [[Napoleon]] marries [[Marie-Louise of Austria]] by proxy in Vienna.<ref>{{cite book|author=C. W. Crawley|title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 9, War and Peace in an Age of Upheaval, 1793-1830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfV7qQ_oiVEC&pg=PA270|year=1957|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-04547-6|pages=270}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 2]] – [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] marries [[Marie Louise of Austria, Duchess of Parma]], in person, in Paris.<ref>{{cite book|author=Geoffrey James Ellis|title=The Napoleonic Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjNdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|date=11 November 1991|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-349-08847-8|pages=53}}</ref>
* [[April 19]] – [[Venezuela]] achieves home rule: [[Vicente Emparán]], Governor of the [[Captaincy General of Venezuela]], is removed by the people of [[Caracas]], and [[Supreme Junta]] is installed. Venezuela is the first South American state to proclaim independence from Spain.
* [[April 27]] – [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] composes his famous piano piece, ''[[Für Elise]]''.
* [[May 1]] – [[Macon's Bill Number 2]] becomes law in the United States, intending to motivate [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] and France to stop seizing American vessels during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].
* April – [[Kaumualii]] receives an assurance of the continued independence of the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs|title=Native Hawaiian Study Commission Report: Oversight Hearing Before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session ... Hearing Held in Washington, DC, May 3, 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AODF4Pwi8y0C&pg=PA327|year=1985|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=327}}</ref>
* [[May 3]] – [[Lord Byron]] swims across the [[Hellespont]] in Turkey.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[May 10]] – Rev. [[Henry Duncan (minister)|Henry Duncan]] opens the world's first commercial [[savings bank]], in [[Ruthwell]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Scottish History|work=A Timeline of Scottish History|publisher=Rampant Scotland|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/timeline/1899.htm|access-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] – [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] publishes his book ''Zur Farbenlehre'' (''[[Theory of Colours]]'').<ref>Götz Hoeppe, ''Why the Sky is Blue: Discovering the Color of Life'' (Princeton University Press, 2007) p126</ref>
* [[May 18]]–[[May 25|25]] – [[May Revolution]]: Armed citizens of [[Buenos Aires]] expel the [[Viceroy]] and establish a provincial government for [[Argentina]] (the ''[[Primera Junta]]''). [[Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros]] is removed.
* [[June 7]] – Argentina's new junta publishes the country's first newspaper, the ''[[Gazeta de Buenos-Ayres]]'', edited by [[Mariano Moreno]].
* [[June 23]] – [[John Jacob Astor]] forms the [[Pacific Fur Company]].
* June – [[Nicolas Appert]] publishes ''L'art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les substances animales ou végétales'', the first description of modern [[food preservation]] using airtight containers.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 9]]
** [[Napoleon]] dissolves the [[Kingdom of Holland]], ruled by his younger brother [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis]], and [[Departments of France|annexes the country]] into the French Empire.<ref>{{cite book|author=Stuart Woolf|title=Napoleon's Integration of Europe|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2002|isbn=9781134944200|page=30}}</ref>
** Russia acquires [[Sukhumi]] through a treaty with the Abkhazian dukes, and declares a [[protectorate]] over the whole of [[Abkhazia]].<ref>George Hewitt, ''The Abkhazians: A Handbook'' (Routledge, 2013) p74</ref>
* [[July 11]] – [[Frederick Hasselborough]] discovers [[Macquarie Island]], in the subantarctic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=Jeff|title=Antarctica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7Y5vXE9grIC&q=%22Frederick+Hasselborough%22&pg=PA170|access-date=June 30, 2010|year=2005|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=1-74059-094-5|page=170}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Australian Geographic book of Antarctica|last=Scott|first=Keith|year=1993|publisher = Australian Geographic|location=Terrey Hills, NSW|isbn=1-86276-010-1|page=14}}</ref>
* [[July 20]] – ''[[Patria Boba]]'': A junta of seven patriots, led by [[José Acevedo y Gómez]], assemble in [[Bogotá]] in the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]] (modern-day [[Colombia]]), to declare its independence from the [[Spanish Empire]]. The first [[South America]]n nation to break away from [[Spain]] as the third oldest independent republic state after [[Haiti]]. 
* [[July 24]] – Paraguay governor [[Bernardo de Velasco]] and the [[Cultural Center of the Republic|Cabildo]] of Asunción declare their loyalty to [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII to Spain]] and break up their relationship with [[Buenos Aires]].
* [[August 2]] – In [[Quito]], Ecuador, 200 citizens are slaughtered in the Royal barracks and the surrounding streets, by royalist troops.
* [[August 6]] – The city of [[Santa Cruz de Mompox]], in modern-day [[Colombia]], declares independence from the [[Spanish Empire]].
* [[August 20]]–[[August 27|27]] – [[Battle of Grand Port]]: The French defeat a [[Royal Navy]] [[frigate]] squadron attempting to blockade a harbour on [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]].
* [[August 21]] – [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean Baptiste Bernadotte]], [[Marshal of France]], is elected [[Crown Prince]] of Sweden, by the Swedish [[Riksdag of the Estates]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Simon Forty|author2=Michael Swift|title=Historical Maps of the Napoleonic Wars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kAZAQAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Brassey's|isbn=978-1-85753-332-3|page=114}}</ref>
* [[September 8]] – The ''[[Tonquin (1807)|Tonquin]]'' sets sail from [[New York Harbor]], with 33 employees of [[John Jacob Astor]]'s newly created [[Pacific Fur Company]] on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the [[Columbia River]], and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town of [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]].
* [[September 16]] – ''[[Grito de Dolores]]'': [[Miguel Hidalgo]], a Catholic priest from [[Guanajuato]], incites the revolt that becomes the [[Mexican War of Independence]].
* [[September 18]] – Chile forms its [[Government Junta of Chile (1810)|First National Junta]], which is the country's first step towards [[Chilean War of Independence|its independence]].
* [[September 22]] – [[Manuel Belgrano]] prepares his invasion to the Provincia del [[Paraguay]].
* [[September 23]] – The [[Republic of West Florida]] declares independence from Spain.
* [[September 26]] – A new [[Swedish Act of Succession|Act of Succession]] is adopted by the [[Riksdag of the Estates]], and [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean Baptiste Bernadotte]] becomes heir to the Swedish throne.

=== October–December ===
* [[October]] – King [[George III of the United Kingdom]] is deemed permanently insane.<ref name="(Viscount)1928">{{cite book|author=Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett Esher (Viscount)|title=Wellington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1EmAQAAMAAJ|year=1928|publisher=Doubleday, Doran., Incorporated|page=93}}</ref>
* [[October 12]] – First [[Oktoberfest]]: [[Bavaria]]n royalty invites the citizens of [[Munich]] to join the celebration of the marriage of [[Ludwig I of Bavaria|Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria]], to Princess [[Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen]].
* [[October 27]] – The United States annexes the [[Republic of West Florida]].
* [[November 2]] – A peace treaty in [[Haiti]] confirms its division between the northern [[State of Haiti]], ruled autocratically by the ''[[Gens de couleur|gen de couleur]]'' [[Henri Christophe]], and the southern Republic, ruled by [[mulatto]] [[Alexandre Pétion]].<ref>Steeve Coupeau, ''The History of Haiti'' (Greenwood, 2008) p49</ref>
* [[November 17]] – [[Anglo-Swedish War (1810–12)]]: Sweden declares war on the United Kingdom.
* [[November 29]]–[[December 3]] – [[Invasion of Isle de France]]: British forces force the French to surrender [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]].
* [[December 20]] – [[Manuel Belgrano]] crosses the [[Paraná River]] to [[Itapúa Department]], starting his invasion of [[Paraguay]].
* [[December 22]] – British [[ship of the line]] {{HMS|Minotaur|1793}} is wrecked on [[Texel]] in the [[West Frisian Islands]] with the loss of 500 lives.
* [[December 27]] – Chartered British [[East Indiaman]] ''[[Elizabeth (1801 ship)|Elizabeth]]'' is wrecked off [[Dunkirk]] with the loss of more than 360 lives, many of them [[lascar]] seamen.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Amadou Lobbo]] initiates [[Amadu's Jihad|his jihad]], in present-day [[Mali]].
* [[Ching Shih]] and [[Cheung Po Tsai]] surrender their pirate fleet to the Chinese government.
* 4,500 chests of [[opium]] are sold in China.