Editing 1811 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; An [[1811 German Coast Uprising|unsuccessful slave revolt]] is led by [[Charles Deslondes]], in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, [[Louisiana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/its-anniversary-1811-louisiana-slave-revolt-180957760/|title=How a Nearly Successful Slave Revolt Was Intentionally Lost to History|last=Fessenden|first=Marissa|work=Smithsonian|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/16/132839717/american-rising-when-slaves-took-on-new-orleans|title='American Rising': When Slaves Attacked New Orleans|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Mexican War of Independence]] &ndash; [[Battle of Calderón Bridge]]: A heavily outnumbered Spanish force of 6,000 troops defeats nearly 100,000 Mexican revolutionaries.
* [[January 22]] &ndash; The [[Juan Bautista de las Casas|Casas Revolt]] begins in [[San Antonio]], [[Spanish Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jcc02|title=CASAS REVOLT|last=LAURA|first=CALDWELL|date=2010-06-12|website=tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[British Regency]]: [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George, Prince of Wales]] becomes [[prince regent]], because of the perceived insanity of his father, King [[George III of the United Kingdom]].
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Peninsular War]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Gebora]]: An outnumbered French force under [[Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise|Édouard Mortier]] routs and nearly destroys the Spanish, near [[Badajoz]], Spain.
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Citadel Massacre]] in [[Cairo]]: [[Egypt]]ian ruler [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]] kills the last [[Mamluk]] leaders.
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Peninsular War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Barrosa]]: A French attack fails, on a larger Anglo-Portuguese-Spanish force attempting to lift the [[Siege of Cádiz]] in Spain.
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]]: The British fleet defeats the French.
* [[March 22]] &ndash; The [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811|Commissioners' Plan]] for [[Manhattan]] is presented.
* [[March 25]] &ndash; The [[Great Comet of 1811]] is discovered by [[Honoré Flaugergues]].
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Anholt]]: The British Navy defeats Denmark.
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Henri Christophe]] is proclaimed King Henri I, turning the northern [[State of Haiti]] into the [[Kingdom of Haiti]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 5]]&ndash;[[April 6|6]] &ndash; Revolutionary riots occur in [[Buenos Aires]].
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Paraguay]] declares independence from the [[Spanish Empire]] (recognised [[May 15]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1224216.stm|title=Timeline: Paraguay|date=2012-07-03|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/paraguay|title=Paraguay - Countries - Office of the Historian|website=history.state.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Peninsular War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Albuera]]: Spain, Portugal and Great Britain defeat the French.
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Battle of Las Piedras (1811)|Battle of Las Piedras]] near [[Las Piedras, Uruguay|Las Piedras]], [[Banda Oriental]]: The independentists of [[Uruguay]] gain their first victory.
* [[June 10]] &ndash; A [[volcanic eruption]] briefly creates [[Sabrina Island (Azores)]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; The [[Klågerup riots]] erupt in Sweden.
* [[June 19]] &ndash; The [[Carlton House Fête]] is held at the [[George IV|Prince Regent]]'s [[London]] residence [[Carlton House]] to celebrate the establishment of the [[Regency era]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Venezuelan Declaration of Independence|Venezuela declares its Independence]] from the Spanish Empire.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul5/venezuelan-independence-day/|title=Venezuelan Independence Day|date=2013-12-16|work=National Geographic Society|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The [[Great Podil fire]] breaks out in [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/8881/|title=View of the Podil Area of Kiev|date=1900|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; British explorer [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]] posts a notice at the confluence of the [[Columbia River|Columbia]] and [[Snake River]]s (in modern-day [[Washington (state)|Washington]]), claiming the area for the United Kingdom.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; The [[Russian Empire]] removes [[Anton II of Georgia|Anton II]], [[Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia]], from his office, placing a Russian-appointed bishop at the head of the Georgian church. 
* [[July 14]]
** Italian scientist [[Amedeo Avogadro]] publishes his memoir about the molecular content of gases.
** [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]] reaches the mouth of the [[Columbia River]], finding [[Fort Astoria]] under construction.
* [[July 26]] &ndash; Forest fires break out in the [[Tyrol]] region of [[Switzerland]], reportedly destroying 64 villages and hamlets.<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp66</ref>
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Mexican War of Independence]]: Priest and military leader [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla]] is executed as a rebel, by the Spanish government of [[New Spain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miguel-Hidalgo-y-Costilla|title=Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla {{!}} Facts, Accomplishments, & Biography|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Jungfrau]], the third highest summit in the [[Bernese Alps]], is first ascended.
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Nathan of Breslov]] leads the first annual [[Rosh Hashana kibbutz]] (pilgrimage) of [[Breslov (Hasidic group)|Breslov]] Hasidim, to the grave of Rabbi [[Nachman of Breslov]] in [[Uman, Ukraine]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 11]] &ndash; Inventor [[John Stevens (inventor, born 1749)|John Stevens]]' boat, the ''Juliana'', begins operation as the first [[steam]]-powered [[ferry]] service, between [[New York City]] and [[Hoboken, New Jersey]].
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The silver deposits of [[Agua Amarga]] in Chile are discovered becoming, in the following years, instrumental for the [[Patriot Governments (Spanish American independence)|Patriots]] to finance the [[Chilean War of Independence]].<ref name=Cortes2017p25>{{Cite book|title=Chañarcillo, cuando de las montañas brotó la plata|last=Cortés Lutz|first=Guillermo|publisher=[[Museo Regional de Atacama]]|series=Cuadernos de Historia |year=2017|volume=II|language=es|url=https://www.museodeatacama.gob.cl/sites/www.museodeatacama.gob.cl/files/images/articles-88574_archivo_01.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.museodeatacama.gob.cl/sites/www.museodeatacama.gob.cl/files/images/articles-88574_archivo_01.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|edition=|page=25}}</ref> 
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[José Gervasio Artigas]] and 16,000 ''orientales'' leave the [[Banda Oriental]] del [[Uruguay]], to go into exile.
* [[October 26]] &ndash; The [[Argentine Government]] declares freedom of expression for the press.
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Luddite]] uprisings, in which workers destroy industrial machines, begin in [[northern England]] and the [[English Midlands|Midlands]]. According to one historian, "The first attack on textile machines by men who used the name 'General Ludd' and called themselves his followers, was on the night of 4th November 1811 in the village of [[Bulwell]], four miles north of [[Nottingham]], when a small band of men gathered in the darkness and marched to the home of a master weaver called Hollingsworth," then destroyed six of his weaving machines.<ref>{{cite book|first=Lisl|last=Klein|title=The Meaning of Work: Papers on Work Organization and the Design of Jobs|publisher=Karnac Books|year=2008|page=63}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tippecanoe]]: American troops led by [[William Henry Harrison]] defeat the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] spiritual leader Tenskwatawa, also known as The Prophet (Chief Tecumseh's brother).
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[José Miguel Carrera]], Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of [[Chile]].
* [[December 2]] &ndash; Reverend [[Samuel Marsden]] sends the first commercial shipment of wool from [[New South Wales]] to England.
* [[December 16]] &ndash; The [[New Madrid earthquake]] in the [[Mississippi Valley]], near [[New Madrid, Mississippi|New Madrid]], reverses the course of the river for a while. Other earthquakes along the fault occur on [[January 23]], [[1812]] and [[February 7]], [[1812]].
* [[December 21]] &ndash; The [[Constitution of Venezuela (1811)|first Constitution of the Republic of Venezuela]], after it declares its independence from Spain, goes into effect.
* [[December 26]] &ndash; The [[Richmond Theatre fire]] in Virginia kills 72 people, including the Governor of Virginia [[George William Smith (politician)|George William Smith]] and the president of the First National Bank of Virginia, [[Abraham B. Venable]].<ref name=Fires/>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Red River Colony]] is founded in [[Manitoba]], Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Red-River-Settlement|title=Red River Settlement {{!}} colony, Canada|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Iodine]] was discovered by French chemist [[Bernard Courtois]].
* The first novel by [[Jane Austen]], ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'', was published.