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1812 Overture
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==Instrumentation== The ''1812 Overture'' is scored for an orchestra that consists of the following:<ref name="googlebook">{{cite book|last=Tchaikovsky|first=Piotr Ilyich|title=1812 overture: Marche slave, and ; Francesca da Rimini|publisher=Courier Dover Publications|year=1996|isbn=0-486-29069-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOgpn-Oqr84C&q=1812+overture|access-date=29 December 2009}}</ref> * [[Brass band]]: "Open" instrumentation consisting of "any extra brass instruments" available. In some indoor performances, the part may be played on an [[pipe organ|organ]]. [[Military band|Military]] or [[marching band]]s also play this part. Note: the brass band or its substitute is meant to play during the finale only. * [[Woodwind instrument|Woodwinds]]: 1 [[piccolo]], 2 [[Western concert flute|flute]]s, 2 [[oboe]]s, 1 [[cor anglais]], 2 [[clarinet]]s in B{{music|flat}} and 2 [[bassoon]]s * [[Brass instrument|Brass]]: 4 [[French horn|horn]]s in F, 2 [[cornet]]s in B{{music|flat}}, 2 [[trumpet]]s in E{{music|flat}}, 3 [[trombone]]s (2 [[tenor trombone|tenor]], 1 [[bass trombone|bass]]) and 1 [[tuba]] * [[Percussion instrument|Percussion]]: [[timpani]], [[orchestral bass drum]], [[snare drum]], [[cymbal]]s, [[tambourine]], [[triangle (musical instrument)|triangle]], [[carillon]] * [[String section|String]]s: [[violin]]s I & II, [[viola]]s, [[cello]]s and [[double bass]]es. * [[Artillery]]: One battery of [[cannon|cannons]] or ceremonial field artillery. The carillon is sometimes replaced with tubular bells or recordings of carillons, or even church bells. In the sections that contain cannon shots, actual cannons are sometimes replaced by [[Howitzer|howitzers]], [[Tank|tanks]], [[fireworks]], recorded cannons, or played on a piece of staging, usually with a large wooden [[mallet]] or [[sledgehammer]] as used in [[Gustav Mahler|Mahler's]] [[Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)|6th Symphony]]. The bass drum, and [[gong]]/[[tam-tam]] are also regularly used as cannon substitutes or adjuncts in indoor performances. In his 1966 [[Deutsche Grammophon]] recording, [[Herbert von Karajan]] scored the first 02'43" (or 36 bars) for voices instead of strings at the start and the subsequent dialogue between strings and woodwind, adding the [[Russian Orthodox]] plainchant ''God Preserve Thy People'' text to the melody and slightly rearranging the texture to suit voices ''[[A cappella|a capella]]'' rather than instruments. Two years later, the American conductor [[Igor Buketoff]], son of a Russian Orthodox priest, went a stage further on his [[RCA Victrola ]]recording with the [[Philharmonia Orchestra|New Philharmonia Orchestra]]. Not only did he deploy voices for the opening chant but he also had a children's chorus sing the folk tune "By the Gates" and brought the choir back to bolster the chant and the Russian Imperial national anthem ''[[God Save the Tsar!]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/article/tchaikovsky-s-1812-overture-the-complete-guide|title=Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture: the complete guide by Geoffrey Norris|website=Gramophone|access-date=26 December 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212213023/https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/article/tchaikovsky-s-1812-overture-the-complete-guide|url-status=live}}</ref>
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