Editing 1824 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 8]] – After much controversy, [[Michael Faraday]] is finally elected as a member of the [[Royal Society]] in London, with only one vote against him.
* [[January 21]] – [[First Anglo-Ashanti War]]: [[Battle of Nsamankow]] – forces of the [[Ashanti Empire]] crush British forces in the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (modern-day [[History of Ghana|Ghana]]), killing the British governor [[Charles MacCarthy (British Army officer)|Sir Charles MacCarthy]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raugh|first1=Harold E.|title=The Victorians at war : 1815 - 1914 : an encyclopedia of British military history|date=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara [u.a.]|isbn=1-57607-925-2|pages=33–34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvE_Pa_ZlfsC&q=Charles+McCarthy+Ashanti&pg=PA33|accessdate=6 March 2016}}</ref>
* [[January 24]] – The first issue of ''The [[Westminster Review]]'', the radical quarterly founded by [[Jeremy Bentham]], is published in London.
* [[February 10]] – [[Simón Bolívar]] is proclaimed dictator of [[Peru]].<ref>{{cite book|last=McFarlane|first=Anthony|title=War and Independence in Spanish America|year=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=398|isbn=978-1-85728-783-7}}</ref>{{sfn|McFarlane|2014|p=398}}
* [[February 20]] — [[William Buckland]] formally announces the name ''[[Megalosaurus]]'', the first scientifically validly named non-avian dinosaur species.<ref name="buckland1824">{{cite journal |last=Buckland |first=W. |year=1824 |title=Notice on the ''Megalosaurus'' or great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield |journal=Transactions of the Geological Society of London |series=2 |doi=10.1144/transgslb.1.2.390 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=390–396|s2cid=129920045 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/91364 |url-access= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= }}</ref>
* [[February 21]] – The [[Chumash Revolt of 1824]] begins against the Spanish presence in [[Alta California]] (now the U.S. state of [[California]]) as an uprising by the [[Chumash people]] at [[Mission Santa Inés]] (now [[Solvang, California|Solvang]], [[Mission Santa Barbara]], and [[Mission La Purisima]] (now [[Lompoc, California|Lompoc]] in what is now [[Santa Barbara County, California]]. By [[June 28]], the uprising ends after the Spanish government and the Chumash leaders reach a peace agreement.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sandos|first=James|jstor=41171145|title=LEVANTAMIENTO!: The 1824 Chumash Uprising Reconsidered|date=Summer 1985|issue=2|volume=67|journal=Southern California Quarterly|pages=109–133|doi=10.2307/41171145}}</ref>
* [[March 4]] – The [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] is founded in the British Isles.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leach |first1=Nicholas |title=Cornwall's Lifeboat Heritage |date=2006 |publisher=Twelveheads Press |isbn=0-906294-43-6 |page=12}}</ref>
* [[March 5]] – The [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] begins in much of what is now [[Bangladesh]], and lasts for almost two years until the a surrender of territories by the Kingdom of Burma on February 24, 1826.<ref>{{cite book |author=G.E. Harvey |title=History of Burma |page=341 |chapter=Notes: Fire-Arms |year=1925 |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=History of Burma |first=Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. |last=Phayre |year=1967 |pages=236–237 |edition=2nd |publisher=Sunil Gupta |location=London}}</ref>
* [[March 7]] – In the [[Florida Territory]], the announcement is made from [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]] that the capital will be moved to [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}
* [[March 9]] – The [[Netherlands Trading Society]] (''Netherlandsche Handel-Maatschappij''), predecessor of the Dutch bank [[ABN AMRO]], is founded.<ref>J.L. van en A. van Riel Zanden (2000); ''Nederland 1780-1914: Staat, instituties en economische ontwikkeling'', p. 139-145; Uitgeverij Balans, Amsterdam. {{ISBN|9050185193}}.</ref>
* [[March 11]] – The [[United States War Department]] creates the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=A History of the Bureau of Indian affairs and Its Activities Among Indians |last=Jackson |first=Curtis |publisher=R & E Research|year=1997 |location=San Francisco, California |pages=43}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] – The [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]] is signed to resolve territorial disputes between the British Empire and the Netherlands over control of the Malay Peninsula and the Dutch East Indies (now Malaysia and Indonesia)<ref>H.R.C. Wright, "The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824." ''Economic History Review'' 3.2 (1950): 229–239 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2590770 online].</ref>
* [[March 19]] – American explorer [[Benjamin Morrell]] departs [[Antarctica]] after a voyage later plagued by claims of fraud.<ref>{{cite book|last= Morrell|first= Benjamin|title= A Narrative of Four Voyages...etc|url= https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%22Benjamin+Morrell%22+OR+%22Morrell%2C+Benjamin%22%29 |publisher= New York: J & J Harper|year= 1832|access-date= December 17, 2009|pages=69&ndash;70}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
[[File:Lord Byron on his Death-bed c. 1826.jpg|thumb|April 19: Death of [[Lord Byron]]]]
* [[April 7]] –  The [[Mechanics' institute|Mechanics' Institution]] is established in [[Manchester]], England at the Bridgewater Arms hotel, as part of a national movement for the education of working men. The institute is the precursor to two Universities in the city: the [[University of Manchester]] and the [[Metropolitan University of Manchester]] (MMU).<ref name=bi>{{cite web|url=https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/bicentenary/|website=manchester.ac.uk|author=Anon|year=2024|title=Celebrating our bicentenary: 200 years of education and innovation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815205524/https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/bicentenary/|archivedate=2023-08-15}}</ref><ref name=umist>{{cite web|url=https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/history-heritage/history/umist/|website=manchester.ac.uk|title=History of UMIST|author=Anon|year=2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924010004/https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/history-heritage/history/umist/|archivedate=2014-09-24}}</ref><ref name=mmu>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmu.ac.uk/about-us/history|website=mmu.ac.uk|title=Our history and heritage|author=Anon|year=2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403145944/https://www2.mmu.ac.uk/about-us/history/|archivedate=2019-04-03}}</ref>
* [[April 9]] – The first permanent settlers arrive to construct the new city of [[Tallahassee, Florida]], selected to be the capital of the [[Florida Territory]] newly acquired from the Kingdom of Spain; the area has been selected because it is roughly equidistant from the territory's main cities, [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] and [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]].<ref>Paul E. Hoffman, ''Florida's Frontiers'' (Indiana University Press, 2002) p298</ref>
* [[April 19]] – [[Lord Byron]] (George Gordon Byron), the British poet, dies at the age of 36 in the Greek city of [[Missolonghi]], where he had taken ill while making plans to liberate the Greeks from Ottoman rule, "not in combat, but of a fever caught in the unhealthy conditions at Missolonghi... exacerbated, it is generally agreed, by the over-zealous actions of his doctors, who [[bloodletting|bled]] him excessively."<ref>[[Edward John Trelawny]], ''Records of Shelley, Byron and the Author'' (Penguin, 2013)</ref>
* [[April 30]] – The [[April Revolt]] (''La Abrilada'') in [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves|Portugal]] begins when [[Miguel I of Portugal|Prince Miguel]] acts against his [[Liberal Revolution of 1820|Liberal]] opponents in defiance of his father [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Nova Enciclopédia Larousse vol. 1|last=Bigotte de Carvalho|first=Maria Irene|publisher=Círculo de Leitores|year=1997|page=29|isbn=972-42-1477-X|oclc=959016748}}</ref>
* [[May 7]] – [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s ''[[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]]'' (the "Choral") premieres at the [[Theater am Kärntnertor]] in Vienna. The deaf composer has to be turned around on the stage to witness the enthusiastic audience reaction.<ref>Albrecht, Theodor, ''Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony: Rehearsing and Performing its 1824 Premiere'', {{ISBN| 9781837651054}} (Boydell Press, 2024)</ref>
* [[May 24]] – [[First Anglo-Burmese War]]: The British take [[Yangon|Rangoon]], capital of the Kingdom of Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar), in a surprise attack.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Burma |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofburma00htin |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofburma00htin/page/212 212], 214–215 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York and London |year=1967 |author=Maung Htin Aung |author-link=Htin Aung}}</ref> 
* [[June 16]] – The [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]] is established in Great Britain.{{cite web |last1=Sheppard |first1=F H W |title=Jermyn Street Pages 271-284 Survey of London: Volumes 29 and 30, St James Westminster, Part 1. Originally published by London County Council, London, 1960. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols29-30/pt1/pp271-284 |website=British History Online |access-date=12 August 2020}}

=== July–September ===
[[File:Batalla de Junín.jpg|thumb|right|August 6: [[Battle of Junín]]]]
* [[July 2]] – The [[Confederation of the Equator]] begins in [[Pernambuco, Brazil]]: Wealthy landowners against the government of [[Emperor Pedro I]] initiate a secessionist movement for the independence of Pernambuco.<ref>Enciclopédia Barsa. Volume 5: Camarão, Rep. Unida do  – Contravenção. Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil, 1987, p. 464</ref><ref>Vianna, Hélio. História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república. 15. ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1994, p. 432Vianna, Hélio. História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república. 15. ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1994, p.433</ref>
* [[July 8]] – Queen [[Kamāmalu]] of Hawaii dies of [[measles]], while accompanying her husband during a visit to the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite journal |title= The Tragic 1824 Journey of the Hawaiian King and Queen to London: History of Measles in Hawaii |journal= The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal |author= Stanford T. Shulman |author2= Deborah L. Shulman |author3= Ronald H. Sims |date= August 2009 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=728–733 |doi= 10.1097/INF.0b013e31819c9720 |pmid=19633516|s2cid= 19374372 }}</ref>
* [[July 10]] – [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States]]: [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]] and a beloved hero of the American Revolution, departs from the port of [[Le Havre]] in France on the ship ''Cadmus'' for a triumphant return to the United States; he arrives in New York on August 15.<ref name=Sketch>''Sketch of the Life and Military Services of Gen. La Fayette, during the American Revolution'', p.17.</ref>
* [[July 13]] – King [[Kamehameha II]] of Hawaii dies of [[measles]], during a visit to the United Kingdom, before he can meet with King George IV.<ref>Lincoln C. Yamashita, ''Warriors: Pu` Ali Koa'' (Trafford Publishing, 2011) p.46.</ref> Because of the slow communications of the era, news of the King's death does not reach Hawaii until the following March; his funeral would then take place on May 11, 1825, and subsequently he is succeeded by his brother [[Kamehameha III]].
* [[July 19]] – Don [[Agustín de Iturbide]], who had formerly been [[President of Mexico]] and then proclaimed himself Emperor Agustin the First, until being overthrown on March 19, 1823, is executed by a firing squad in the city of [[Padilla, Tamaulipas|Padilla]], five days after returning from exile in England.<ref>John Milton Niles, ''View of South-America and Mexico, by a citizen of the United States'' (H. Huntington, 1825) pp.805-206.</ref><ref>Will Fowler, ''Santa Anna of Mexico'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2009)  p.133.</ref>
* [[July 25]] – The [[Montparnasse Cemetery]] opens in Paris, France.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Secrets Des Cimetières de Paris |last=Barozzi |first=Jacques |publisher=massin |year=2012 |isbn=978-2707207630 |location=France |page=68}}</ref>
* [[August 6]] – [[Peruvian War of Independence]]: [[Battle of Junín]] – Pro-independence forces defeat the Spanish in the highlands of the Junín region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Torrente |first=Mariano |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=PRwqEGwG9KUC&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA477 |title=Historia de la revolución hispano-americana, Volumen 3 |publisher=Imprenta Moreno |year=1830 |location=Madrid, Spain |pages=477 |language=Spanish}}</ref>
* [[August 7]] – The [[First Anglo-Ashanti War]] ends when forces of the [[Ashanti Empire]] flee the field.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lloyd|first=Alan|year=1964|title=The Drums of Kumasi: the story of the Ashanti wars|publisher=Longmans|location=London|ol=5937815M|lccn=65006132|pages=39–53}}</ref>
* [[August 15]] – The [[visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States]] begins at [[Staten Island]].<ref name=Sketch/> He will remain for more than a year before departing on September 7, 1825.
* [[September 13]] – With his crew and 29 [[convicts]] aboard the ''[[Amity (brig)|Amity]]'', [[John Oxley]] arrives at and founds the [[Moreton Bay Penal Settlement]] at what becomes [[Brisbane, Queensland]], in Australia, after leaving [[Sydney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/moreton-bay-convict-settlement-origins-queensland|title=The Moreton Bay convict settlement: origins of Queensland|date=11 October 2022|author=Stephanie Ryan|access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 16]] – [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] succeeds his brother [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] as King of France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Price |first=Munro |title=The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions |publisher=Macmillan |pages=185–187 |author-link=Munro Price}}</ref>
* [[September 26]] – The earliest reference by the British government to an official renaming of its South Pacific Ocean territory as "Australia" comes in a dispatch titled "Taking Possession of Melville and Bathurst Islands", as the Admiral Sir [[Gordon Bremer]] refers to "the North Coast of [[New Holland (Australia)|New Holland]] or [[Australia]]".<ref>(W. G. Murray, Government Printer, 1922) p.781</ref>

=== October–December ===
[[File:Batalla de Ayacucho by Martín Tovar y Tovar (1827 - 1902).jpg|thumb|right|December 9: [[Battle of Ayacucho]]]]
* [[October 4]] – The [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|First Constitution of Mexico]] is ratified, declaring the country to be a [[federal republic]] called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos).<ref name="zavala">{{cite web |title=The Constitution of the Mexican United States, 1824 |url=http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/constit1824.htm |website=tamu.edu |publisher=Wallace L. McKeehan |access-date=February 4, 2017}}</ref>
* [[October 10]] – The [[Edinburgh]] Town Council founds the Edinburgh Municipal Fire Brigade, the first [[fire brigade]] in Britain, under the leadership of [[James Braidwood (firefighter)|James Braidwood]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}
* [[October 21]] – [[Joseph Aspdin]] patents [[Portland cement]], receiving BP 5,022 for ''An Improvement in the Mode of Producing an Artificial Stone''.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Hewlett |editor-first1=Peter C. |title=Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete |date=2001 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1JVu4iifnMC&pg=PA8 |isbn=0-340-56589-6 |edition=4th}}</ref>
* [[November 5]] – [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]], the first [[technological university]] in the English-speaking world, is founded in [[Troy, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |title=RPI History |publisher=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute |access-date=1 May 2009 |url=http://www.rpi.edu/about/history.html}}</ref>
* {{OldStyleDate|November 19||November 7}} – In the [[1824 St. Petersburg flood]], the worst up to that time in the Russian capital, [[Saint Petersburg]], water rises {{convert|421|cm|in}} above normal, and at least 200 people are killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/arcadia/st-petersburg-flood-1824|title=The St. Petersburg Flood of 1824|date=February 25, 2014|website=Environment & Society Portal}}</ref>
* [[November 30]] – The first sod is turned in [[Ontario]] for the first of four [[Welland Canal]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wellandcanals.ca/History.html | title=The Welland Canals – History}}</ref> The canal opens for a trial run five years later to the day, on November 30, 1829.
* [[December 3]] – [[1824 United States presidential election]]: None of the four candidates for U.S. president— [[Andrew Jackson]], [[John Quincy Adams]], [[Henry Clay]] or [[William H. Crawford]]— gain a majority of the electoral votes, although Jackson has a plurality of 40.5% of the popular vote. [[John C. Calhoun]] wins a majority of the electoral votes for Vice President. The election for President is carried out by the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] on February 9, 1825, pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, with each of the 24 states having a vote, of which Adams receives 13 votes for the minimum majority necessary .<ref>Kolodny, Robin.  [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robin-Kolodny/publication/35167627_The_several_elections_of_1824_the_selection_of_President_John_Quincy_Adams/links/53ea5fc80cf2fb1b9b677c48/The-several-elections-of-1824-the-selection-of-President-John-Quincy-Adams.pdf "The Several Elections of 1824."](1996)</ref>
* [[December 9]] – [[Peruvian War of Independence]]: [[Battle of Ayacucho]] – Colombian and Peruvian forces led by [[Antonio José de Sucre]] defeat the Spanish. The commander, [[José de la Serna, 1st Count of the Andes|Viceroy de la Serna]], surrenders, ending Spain's domination of South America.<ref>''Batallas Decisivas de la Historia de España'' (Decisive Battles in the History of Spain) (Ed. Aguilar, 2004).</ref>
* [[December 24]] – The first American social fraternity, [[Chi Phi]] (ΧΦ), is founded at [[Princeton University]].<ref>Varnum Lansing Collins, ''Princeton'' (Oxford University Press, 1914) p.219</ref>
* [[December 28]] – In Australia, in what is now [[New South Wales]], the [[Bathurst War]] comes to an end, with the defeat of the [[Wiradjuri]] indigenous nation and the peaceful surrender of their leader, Chief [[Windradyne]], at a feast at Parramatta.<ref>Ben Kiernan, ''Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur'' (Yale University Press, 2008) p.264</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* Egyptian and Albanian troops of the Ottoman Empire overturn the Greek revolt on [[Crete]].
* The Dutch sign the Masang Agreement, temporarily ending hostilities in the [[Padri War]].
* The name ''Australia'', recommended by [[Matthew Flinders]] in 1804, is adopted by the [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|British Admiralty]] as the official name of the country once known as ''[[New Holland (Australia)|New Holland]]''.
* The [[Panoramagram]] is invented as the first stereoscopic viewer.
* The [[Colorado potato beetle]] is first described, by [[Thomas Say]].