Editing 1845 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – The [[Philippines]] began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the [[International Date Line]] through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General [[Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa|Narciso Claveria]] on August 16, 1844, in order to align the local calendars in the country with the rest of Asia as trade interests with [[Qing Dynasty|Imperial China]], [[Dutch East Indies]] and neighboring countries increased, after [[Mexico]] became independent in 1821. The reform also applied to [[Caroline Islands]], [[Guam]], [[Marianas Islands]], [[Marshall Islands]], and [[Palau]] as part of the [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pvinta/photos/a.1924058474508083/2862176590696262/|title=CURRENT PH CALENDAR BEGINS|publisher=Project Vinta|date=January 1, 2021|language=EN|website=Facebook|access-date=April 19, 2023}}</ref>
* [[January 10]] – [[Elizabeth Barrett]] receives a love letter from the younger poet [[Robert Browning]];<ref>{{cite book|editor=Jones, Neal T.|title=A Book of Days for the Literary Year|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofdaysforlit0jone|url-access=registration|location=New York; London|publisher=Thames and Hudson|year=1984|isbn=0-500-01332-2}}</ref> on [[May 20]], they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''[[Sonnets from the Portuguese]]''.
* [[January 23]] – The [[United States Congress]] establishes a uniform date for federal elections, which will henceforth be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
* [[January 29]] – ''[[The Raven]]'' by [[Edgar Allan Poe]] is published for the first time, in the ''[[New York Evening Mirror]]''.
* [[February 1]] – [[Anson Jones]], President of the [[Republic of Texas]], signs the charter officially creating [[Baylor University]] (the oldest university in the U.S. state of [[Texas]] that still operates under its original name).
* [[February 7]] – In the [[British Museum]], a drunken visitor smashes the [[Portland Vase]], which takes months to repair.
* [[February 28]] – The [[United States Congress]] approves the [[Texas annexation|annexation of Texas]].
* [[March 1]] – President [[John Tyler]] signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the [[Republic of Texas]], subject to approval by the voters in the Republic. The territory claimed includes all of the future U.S. state of Texas, as well as portions of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming.
* [[March 3]]
** [[Florida]] is admitted as the 27th [[U.S. state]].
** For the first time, both houses of the [[United States Congress]] vote, by a two-thirds majority, to override a presidential [[veto]] in order to pass legislation.<ref>[http://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/The-first-congressional-override-of-a-presidential-veto/ Congress overrides presidential veto for first time]. history.house.gov</ref>
* [[March 11]] – The [[New Zealand Wars]] open with the [[Flagstaff War]]. Chiefs [[Kawiti]] and [[Hōne Heke]] lead 700 [[Māori people|Maori]]s in the burning of the British colonial settlement of Kororareka (modern-day [[Russell, New Zealand]]).
* [[March 13]] – The ''[[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]'' by [[Felix Mendelssohn]] premieres in [[Leipzig]], with [[Ferdinand David (musician)|Ferdinand David]] as soloist.
* [[March 17]] – [[Stephen Perry (inventor)|Stephen Perry]] [[patent]]s the [[rubber band]], in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
<!-- *[[March 30]] – Due to different transition dates to the [[Gregorian calendar]], Finland (then part of the [[Russian Empire]]) is the only place in the world to have [[Easter]] day on this particular [[Sunday]]. (What's the source of this? Was it just Finland, or was it other places like the rest of the Russian Empire and Greece?  Is this March 30 on the Julian calendar or March 30 on the Gregorian calendar?)-->

=== April–June ===
* [[April 7]] – An earthquake destroys part of [[Mexico City]], along with the nearby towns of [[Tlalpan]] and [[Xochimilco]].
* [[April 10]] – The [[Great Fire of Pittsburgh]] destroys much of the American city of [[Pittsburgh]].
* [[April 20]] – [[Ramón Castilla]] becomes president of [[Peru]].
* [[May 2]] – [[Yarmouth suspension bridge]] in [[Great Yarmouth]], England, collapses leaving around 80 dead, mostly children.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Great Yarmouth Suspension Bridge Disaster – May 2nd 1845|url=http://www.broadlandmemories.co.uk/documents/news/news_pre1900/gy_suspensionbridge_1845.pdf|work=Broadland Memories|access-date=2010-10-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718231354/http://www.broadlandmemories.co.uk/documents/news/news_pre1900/gy_suspensionbridge_1845.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-18}}</ref>
* [[May 19]] – [[HMS Erebus (1826)|HMS ''Erebus'']] and [[HMS Terror (1813)|HMS ''Terror'']], with 134 men, comprising Sir [[John Franklin]]'s [[Franklin's lost expedition|expedition]] to find the [[Northwest Passage]], sail from [[Greenhithe, Kent|Greenhithe]] on the [[River Thames|Thames]]. They will last be seen in the summer, entering [[Baffin Bay]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Hutchinson Factfinder|publisher=Helicon|year=1999|isbn=1-85986-000-1|page=549}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] – A theater fire in [[Guangzhou|Canton]], China, kills 1,670.
* [[May 30]] – ''[[Fatel Razack]]'' ({{lang|ar-Latn|Fath Al Razack}}, 'Victory of Allah the Provider', {{Langx|ar|قتح الرزاق}}) is the first ship to bring indentured labourers from [[British Raj|India]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]], landing in the [[Gulf of Paria]] with 227 immigrants.<ref>When the British decided they were going to bring Indians to Trinidad this year, most of the traditional British ship owners did not wish to be involved. The ship was originally named ''Cecrops'', but upon delivery was renamed to ''Fath Al Razack''. The ship left [[Calcutta]] on [[February 16]].</ref>
* [[May]] – [[Frederick Douglass]]'s autobiographical ''[[Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave]]'' is published by the [[Boston]] Anti-Slavery Society.
* [[June 8]] – Former U.S. President [[Andrew Jackson]], 78, dies at [[The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee)]].

=== July–September ===
* [[July 26]]–[[August 10]] – [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]'s iron [[steamship]] ''[[SS Great Britain|Great Britain]]'' makes the [[transatlantic crossing]] from [[Liverpool]] to New York, the first [[Propeller|screw propelled]] vessel to make the passage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fox|first=Stephen|year=2003|title=Transatlantic: Samuel Cunard, Isambard Brunel, and the Great Atlantic Steamships|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-019595-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/transatlanticsam00foxs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''Great Britain'' |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/pictures/Greatbritain.htm |work=The Ships List |access-date=2010-10-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528131641/http://www.theshipslist.com/pictures/Greatbritain.htm |archive-date=May 28, 2010 }}</ref>
* [[July 28]] – HMS ''Terror'' and HMS ''Erebus'' of the [[Franklin Expedition]] go missing in the [[Davis Strait]] west of [[Greenland]], while searching for the [[Northwest Passage]].
* [[August 4]] – British emigrant [[barque]] ''[[Cataraqui (ship)|Cataraqui]]'' is wrecked on [[King Island (Tasmania)]] with 400 people killed and only 9 survivors.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dreadful Shipwreck! Wreck of the Cataraqui Emigrant Ship, 800 tons|newspaper=Launceston Examiner|page=5|date=1845-09-17|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36241486|accessdate=2011-08-21}}</ref>
* [[August 9]] – The [[Aberdeen Act]] is passed by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], empowering the British [[Royal Navy]] to search Brazilian ships, as part of the abolition of the [[Atlantic slave trade|slave trade]] from Africa.
* [[August 19]] – [[List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks|A tornado kills 200 people]] in [[France]] at [[Montville, Seine-Maritime|Montville]] while destroying two large factories.
[[File:1845 08 28 Scientific American - Cover page Scientific American, first edition.jpg|150px|thumb|The first issue of ''Scientific American'']]
* [[August 28]] – The journal ''[[Scientific American]]'' begins publication.
* [[September 9]] – [[Potato blight]] breaks out in Ireland,<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=267–268|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''Phytophthora infestans''|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro182.shtml|publisher=[[BBC]]|work=A Short History of Ireland|access-date=2012-08-05}}</ref> beginning the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]].
* [[September 18]] – The [[Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata]] is formally declared.
* [[September 25]] – The [[Phi Alpha Literary Society]] is founded, in [[Jacksonville, Illinois]].

=== October–December ===
* [[October 9]] – The eminent and controversial [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], [[John Henry Newman]], is received into the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
* [[October 10]] – In [[Annapolis, Maryland]], the Naval School (later renamed the [[United States Naval Academy]]) opens with 50 midshipmen and seven professors.
* [[October 13]] – A majority of voters in the [[Republic of Texas]] approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the [[United States Congress]], will make [[Texas]] a [[U.S. state]].
* [[October 19]] – [[Richard Wagner]]'s opera ''[[Tannhäuser (opera)|Tannhäuser]]'' debuts at the [[Dresden]] Royal Court Theater.
* [[October 21]] – The ''[[New York Herald]]'' becomes the first newspaper to mention the game of baseball.
* [[November 20]] – [[Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata]] – [[Battle of Vuelta de Obligado]]: The [[Argentine Confederation]] is narrowly defeated by an Anglo–French fleet on the waters of the [[Paraná River]], but the victors suffer serious damage to their ships, and Argentina attracts political support in South America.
* [[December 2]] – [[Manifest destiny]]: U.S. President [[James K. Polk]] announces to Congress that the [[Monroe Doctrine]] should be strictly enforced, and that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.
* [[December 11]] – [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]: Sikh army crosses the [[Sutlej]] in the [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]].
* [[December 22]]–[[December 23|23]] – [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (Anglo-Sikh War): [[East India Company]] forces are victorious over those of the Sikh Empire.
* [[December 27]]
** [[Anesthesia]] is used for childbirth for the first time, by Dr. [[Crawford Long]] in [[Jefferson, Georgia]].
** American newspaper editor [[John L. O'Sullivan]] claims (in connection with the annexation of the [[Oregon Country]]) in ''[[The United States Magazine and Democratic Review]]'' that the United States should be allowed "the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions". It is the second time he uses the term ''[[manifest destiny]]'' (first in connection with the [[Republic of Texas]] in July – August), and it will have a huge influence on [[American imperialism]] in the following century.
* [[December 29]] – [[Texas]] is admitted as the 28th [[U.S. state]].
* [[December 30]] – [[Queen's University of Ireland|Queen's Colleges]] of [[Queen's University Belfast|Belfast]], [[University College Cork|Cork]], and [[National University of Ireland, Galway|Galway]] are incorporated in Ireland.

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Republic of Yucatán]] separates from [[Centralist Republic of Mexico|Mexico]] for a second time.
* [[Ephraim Bee]] reveals that the [[Emperor of China]] has given him a special dispensation: that he has entrusted him with certain sacred and mysterious rituals through [[Caleb Cushing]], the U.S. Commissioner to China, to "extend the work and influence of the Ancient and Honorable Order of [[E Clampus Vitus]]" in the New World.<ref>{{cite web|title=E. Clampus Vitus|url=http://www.chamberbyphone.mobi/mobi_about_us.php?mid=45841787|year=2010|access-date=2010-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722220507/http://www.chamberbyphone.mobi/mobi_about_us.php?mid=45841787|archive-date=July 22, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[Friedrich Engels]]' treatise ''[[The Condition of the Working Class in England]]'' is published in [[Leipzig]] as {{lang|de|Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England}}.
* [[Heinrich Hoffmann (author)|Heinrich Hoffmann]] publishes a book ({{lang|de|Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder}}), introducing his character, [[Struwwelpeter]], in Germany.
* The [[Ancient and Accepted Rite for England and Wales and its Districts and Chapters Overseas]] is founded{{Vague|date=July 2013}} in Freemasonry.
* [[Eugénie Luce]] founds the Luce Ben Aben School in [[Algiers]].<ref name="WDL">{{cite web|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8800/|title=Luce Ben Aben School of Arab Embroidery I, Algiers, Algeria|website=[[World Digital Library]]|year=1899|access-date=2013-09-26}}</ref>